I-Dungzhi Yunjian (Dōngzhì yúnjiān, 东至云尖) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Dungzhi (东至县) esifundeni sedolobha i-Chizhou eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama lakhiwe ngegama lendawo kanye negama elithi 云尖 — “amathiphu amafu,” okuyinkomba yokuqoqwa kwezihlokwana ezisezintabeni. Isifunda saziwa kakhulu ngetiye elibomvu: ingxenye yezigodi zaso ingaphakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu lase-Qimen, futhi isifunda ngokwaso sisebenza njengesizinda sikazwelonke sokuthumela itiye elibomvu kwamanye amazwe. I-Yunjian wumugqa waso oluhlaza. Izivande zitholakala ezintabeni eduze kwesiqongo sase-Xianyushan ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-200–800. Itiye livikelwa njengophawu lwendawo; indawo ibizwa ngesifunda.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Incwadi yezinkomba yetiye yesifunda ibeka ngqo i-Yunjian emugqeni oluhlaza futhi iyiqhathanisa netiye lendawo elibomvu. Umbhalo mayelana netiye wenezela ukuthi lenziwa ngeqabunga lesitshalo setiye sendawo.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasezihlokwaneni leningizimu ye-Anhui; uphawu lwendawo.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda sedolobha i-Chizhou (池州, Chízhōu), isifunda sase-Dungzhi (东至, Dōngzhì).
- Isimo sokuvikelwa: Uphawu lwendawo olusebenzayo. Inkomba esemthethweni ibiza isifunda sase-Dungzhi njengendawo yemvelaphi; incazelo yomthetho yemingcele yendawo angizange ngiyihlole, ngakho indawo lapha ibizwa ngesifunda, hhayi ngohlu lwezigodi. Umbhalo mayelana netiye ubiza ukuthi umkhiqizo onophawu lwesitifiketi sophawu lwendawo; inombolo nonyaka wokubhaliswa akufakazelwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Umbhalo ubeka isifunda cishe ku-30° enyakatho; izixhumanisi eziqondile zendawo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Isifunda setiye elibomvu. Izigodi ezimbalwa zase-Dungzhi zingaphakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu lase-Qimen; isifunda ngokwaso sibalwa njengesizinda sikazwelonke sokuthumela itiye elibomvu kwamanye amazwe futhi singesinye sezifunda ezihamba phambili zokukhiqiza itiye ezweni.
- Ngawo-1990. Ngokombhalo mayelana netiye, i-Yunjian yadalwa ngawo-1990 ngaphansi kobuholi bukaprofesa we-Agricultural University yase-Anhui u-Chen Chuan (陈椽).
- 1997. Umbhalo ofanayo ubika ngendondo yegolide ye-Beijing International Tea Meeting ka-1997 — ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwetiye.
- Umbhalo ubala i-Yunjian phakathi kwemikhiqizo “yoHlu Lokuvikelwa Kophawu Lwendawo Lwase-Great Huangshan” (大黄山地理标志保护名录).
- Zonke lezi zindaba ezintathu ngizazi zisuka embhalweni owodwa odumile; umthombo wesibili ozimele angizange ngiwuthole.
- Igama: “I-Dungzhi” (东至) igama lesifunda. “I-Yunjian” (云尖) “amathiphu amafu.” Esifundeni leli gama alisebenzi nje njengegama lomnikazi kuphela: eduze kuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ze-天鹅云尖 kanye ne-香山云尖, ngakho “i-yunjian” lapha isasetshenziswa futhi njengegama elijwayelekile letiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasezihlokwaneni.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni udumo lwaso oluhlobene netiye elibomvu, i-Yunjian iyindlela eluhlaza enegama. Emndenini “wama-Hui” wamatiye adumile, isifunda siphinde simelwe amatiye anjenge-东至毛尖 kanye ne-东至野山茶, kanti phakathi kwezinhlobo zendawo kukhona ne-神泉珍珠绿.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokombhalo — isitshalo setiye sendawo sase-Dungzhi (群体种). Amagama ezinhlobo ezikhethiwe awekho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Izinga lokuqoqa alikho emithonjeni etholakele; igama elithi 云尖 egameni likhomba ukuqoqwa kwezihlokwana, kodwa imithetho angizange ngiyithole.
- Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Iningizimu ye-Anhui, izintaba ezisondele esiqongweni sase-Xianyushan (仙寓山).
- Iziqongo zezintaba: Incwadi yezinkomba ibiza iziqongo zetiye i-Xianyuling, i-Hongqiling, i-Zishita, i-Tianefeng, i-Yunwujian, i-Dowangjian, i-Yegan kanye ne-Lianhuatang.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Izivande zitholakala emamitheni angu-200–800. Umbhalo wenezela ukuthi esifundeni kuneziqongo ezingama-32 ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-600, futhi indawo ephakeme kakhulu ingamamitha angu-1375.5.
- Izivande: Incwadi yezinkomba ikhuluma ngezivande zetiye zesifunda ezilinganiselwa ku-120 000 mu, kuzo amasistimu angaphezu kwama-500 angaphezu kwekhulu le-mu ngalinye; imigwaqo engama-146 yesifunda igxile etiyeni.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokombhalo, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-16.1 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngu-1530.6 mm ngonyaka, futhi ukuminyana kwehlathi esifundeni kungu-58.7 %. Izibalo ziphathelene nesifunda, hhayi nezivande ezithile.
- Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe be-Dungzhi Yunjian ngokwayo abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Etiyeni eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasezihlokwaneni, ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:
- Ukwenza ubune (摊放, tānfàng): Izinto zokusetshenziswa zandlalwa ngongqimba oluncane ukuze umswakama othile usuke.
- Ukulungiswa okushisayo (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisisa kumisa ukugqwala.
- Ukubunjwa (做形, zuòxíng): Iqabunga liyaqondiswa futhi licindezelwe kancane — isimo esichazwe nge-Yunjian.
- Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).
Lena iyindlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Dungzhi Yunjian. Incwadi yezinkomba imane ibike ukuthi “i-Dungzhi Yunjian” ikhiqizwa izimboni eziyisipesheli ezingama-64 zesifunda.
6. Izici Zokuthinta Izitho Zomzimba
Incazelo engezansi inikezwe umbhalo mayelana netiye; izidingo ezijwayelekile zesimo angizange ngiyithole.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqondile, licindezelwe kancane, liluhlaza okotshani, linoboya obubonakalayo (挺直略扁、润绿显毫).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokuphisa: Liphezulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香高持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wokuphisa: Ukhanyayo, ucacile (汤色明亮).
- Izansi yetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo ukuze ubone amaqabunga aqondile, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye, uthele amanzi odongeni.
- Ukuphisa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokuphisa engilazini.
- Thela amanzi ashisayo futhi.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile elingabonakali, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, kude nomswakama, ukukhanya namaphunga. Itiye lesizini: kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi
Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukwazi ukugwema imikhohlisi:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo ephaketheni.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ubhalisiwe esifundeni sase-Dungzhi.
- Ungadidanisi i-Dungzhi Yunjian nezinye izinhlobo ezinegama elithi “yunjian”: esifundeni ngokwaso ziningi.
- Qhathanisa isimo nencazelo: iqabunga eliqondile, elicishe libe flat, eliluhlaza okotshani elinoboya, nokuphisa okukhanyayo.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Isifunda sase-Dungzhi saziwa ngokuyinhloko ngetiye elibomvu, kanti i-Yunjian ngumugqa walo oluhlaza.
- Igama elithi “yunjian” esifundeni liphethwe izinhlobo ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho lisebenza njengegama lohlobo.
- Incwadi yezinkomba ibala izimboni ezingama-64 esifundeni ezikhiqiza leli tiye.
- Ngokombhalo, njengegama elihlukile itiye likhona kusukela ngawo-1990, kanti isifunda ngokwaso sitshala itiye isikhathi eside kakhulu.
12. Ukuqhathanisa Nokunye Ukudla Kwasekhaya
- I-Qimen Hong Cha (祁门红茶): Itiye elibomvu, indawo yalo yokukhiqiza ifaka izigodi ezimbalwa zase-Dungzhi. Izwe elifanayo lezintaba, kodwa isigaba esihlukile: iqabunga ligqwalisiwe ngokuphelele.
- I-Jiuhua Focha (九华佛茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Jiuhuashan entabeni efanayo yesifunda sase-Chizhou; igama eliyisambulela lamatiye entaba engcwele.
- I-Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰): Elinye lamatiye aluhlaza adume kakhulu eningizimu ye-Anhui, lisuka e-Huangshan; intaba ehlukile negama elihlukile. Akukho ukunambitha okuqhathaniswayo kwamatiye amabili emithonjeni etholakele.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Dungzhi Yunjian itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esidume ngetiye elibomvu: izivande zasezintabeni ezikumamitha angu-200–800, iqabunga eliqondile elicindezelwe elinoboya, iphunga eliphakeme elihlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuphisa okukhanyayo. Ingxenye yomlando wayo ebhaliwe okwamanje mncane: indawo yokuvikela ibizwa ngesifunda, kanti ukudalwa kwetiye ngawo-1990 kanye nendondo ka-1997 kwaziwa ngombhalo owodwa. Le yisithombe esiqotho segama eliselincane, ngemuva kwalo kunezwe elidala letiye.