Lǒngnán lǜchá · thetea.app

I-Longnan Lücha (Lǒngnán lǜchá, 陇南绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sedolobha i-Longnan (陇南市) eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Gansu. I-Longnan iyona ndawo kuphela yokutshala itiye e-Gansu: amasimu alele kunxantathu lapho kuhlangana khona isifunda sase-Wen, isifunda sase-Wudu, kanye nesifunda sase-Kang, emngceleni we-Sichuan ne-Shaanxi. Igama lingelesifunda, kodwa indawo incane — izigodi namadolobhana angu-13, futhi isimemezelo sokuvikela sibala kuze kufike emizaneni nasemagcekeni: imizana yokuphatha engu-158, imiphakathi yasemakhaya engu-755, amakhaya abalimi angu-19 300. Izidingo zokuvikela zazi izinhlobo ezimbili zetiye — eliyisicaba kanye neligoqiwe — elinephunga le-chestnut. Igama lafakwa kurejista yezimpawu zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo ngo-2016.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba siqanjwe egameni; zonke izincazelo ezitholakele zokubukeka nokucubungula — eziluhlaza.
Isigaba: Uphawu lwesifunda lomphakathi (区域公用品牌, qūyù gōngyòng pǐnpái) kanye nophawu lwendawo lomkhiqizo wezolimo (2016).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Gansu (甘肃, Gānsù), isifunda sedolobha i-Longnan (陇南, Lǒngnán): isifunda sase-Wen (文县, Wénxiàn), isifunda sase-Wudu (武都区, Wǔdū qū), isifunda sase-Kang (康县, Kāngxiàn).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesimemezelo se-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640 — isifunda sase-Wen: i-Bikou (碧口镇), i-Zhongmiao (中庙乡), i-Fanba (范坝乡), i-Liujiaping (刘家坪乡); isifunda sase-Wudu: i-Luotang (洛塘镇), i-Yuhe (裕河乡), i-Fengxiang (枫相乡), i-Wuma (五马乡); isifunda sase-Kang: i-Yangba (阳坝镇), i-Lianghe (两河镇), i-Tongqian (铜钱乡), i-Baiyang (白杨乡), i-Sanhe (三河乡). Umfakisicelo — isiteshi sesifunda sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezitshalo zobuchwepheshe. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ngaphansi kwezigodi ezifanayo eziyi-13 kanye nemiphakathi engu-755 ibala hhayi imizana eyi-158, kodwa eyi-148.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 104°41′–106°08′ E, 32°42′–33°48′ N.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye endleleni eya kubadlali. Ngokombiko kuwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya (2019), ngesikhathi se-Eastern Han, itiye lase-Ba nase-Shu lalihanjiswa nge-Chengdu liyiswa e-Wudu futhi lidayiselwa abadlali basenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kanti ngesikhathi se-Song kwakusebenza izimakethe zikahulumeni zetiye namahhashi (茶马场). Angizange ngiyibone imibhalo lezi zitatimende ezisekelwe kuyo.
- 2016. Ngokombiko we-China.com.cn (2019), ngo-August igama ladlula ekuhlolweni, futhi ngo-November 2 uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo No. 2468 walifaka kurejista yezimpawu zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo; inombolo — i-AGI01999.
- 2018. Ngo-December, ngokombiko ofanayo, inhlangano yetiye yase-Longnan yavumela izinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili ukuba zisebenzise uphawu futhi yakhipha izitika zokuvikela ezilandelekayo eziyi-100 000.
- 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo No. 640 yaqaphela umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lwamagama angu-1409; i-Longnan Lücha iphakathi kwawo.
Igama: «Longnan» (陇南) — «eningizimu ye-Long», lapho i-Long (陇, Lǒng) kuyigama elifushane lendabuko le-Gansu. «Lücha» (绿茶) — itiye eliluhlaza.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Abezindaba base-Gansu babiza i-Longnan ngokuthi «陇上江南» — «i-Jiangnan ezweni lase-Long». Esifundeni, itiye liyinsika yezindawo ezisezintabeni: ngokombiko ka-2019, kweminye imizana yasemadolobheni ekhiqiza itiye, lalinikeza ngaphezu kuka-60% wemali engenayo yemindeni empofu. Umbhalo ku-«Zhongguo Gansu wang» (2023) uthi e-Longnan kusaphekwa «iguan guan cha» (罐罐茶, guànguàn chá) — itiye ebhodweni elincane lobumba.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane (小叶群体种, xiǎoyè qúntǐzhǒng) futhi zichaza ukusatshalaliswa kwalo ngembewu nangama-cuttings. Ngokombiko ka-2019, izinhlobo ze-clonal nazo zethulwa esifundeni: i-Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43), i-Zhongcha 108 (中茶108, Zhōngchá 108) kanye ne-Huangjin Ya (黄金芽, Huángjīn yá).
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — ihlumela elilodwa noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (单芽或一芽一、二叶); amahlumela lapho abizwa ngokuthi «asindayo futhi aminyene» (芽叶重实).
Ukuvuna: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, izinhlobo zakuqala ziqala ukuvunwa ngemuva kuka-March 20, uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane — ngemuva kuka-April 1; ngonyaka kwenziwa ukuvuna okungaba yisikhombisa, ekuqaleni kuka-September insimu iyavalwa. Ngokombhalo ka-2023, emzaneni wase-Liziba (李子坝) esifundeni sase-Wen, kuvunwa ngemuva kwesizini ye-Yushui (雨水, yǔshuǐ), kuthathwa ihlumela elilodwa ngeqabunga.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Unxantathu emngceleni wesifunda sase-Wen, isifunda sase-Wudu kanye nesifunda sase-Kang, emfuleni i-Yangtze. Amasimu amakhulu, ngokombhalo ka-2023, asemadolobheni ase-Bikou, e-Yuhe nase-Lianghe.
Indawo kumephu yetiye: Umkhawulo osenyakatho wesifunda setiye sase-Jiangbei (江北茶区, Jiāngběi cháqū) — izindawo zetiye ezisenyakatho yoMfula i-Yangtze.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo — ukuguquka phakathi kwe-subtropical enyakatho emanzi kanye ne-warm temperate emanzi. Izidingo zokuvikela ziphawula usuku olude lokukhanya, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kobusuku nemini, inkungu kanye nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuningi.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — izintaba ezingaphansi kuka-1400 m; umbiko ka-2019 ubiza u-600–1200 m.
Inhlabathi: I-sandy loam ene-asidi, inhlabathi e-brown-yellow (黄棕壤) kanye ne-brown (棕壤), i-pH 4.6–6.5 — kanjalo kuzidingo zokuvikela.
Isilinganiso: Ngokwe-China.com.cn, ekupheleni kuka-2018, amasimu esifunda ayehlanganisa ama-mu ayi-174 000, umkhiqizo — amathani ayi-1388; i-«Zhongguo Gansu wang» ngo-2021 yabiza ama-mu ayi-179 000 kanye namathani angaphezu kuka-1400. Lokhu kungukuphela kwetiye lesifunda, hhayi umkhiqizo ophawulwe kuphela.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka uhlelo oluyisisekelo kuphela. Iqabunga elisha lilaliswa efemini amahora angu-3–8 ngogqinsi olungadluli u-15 cm, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-12; bese kulandela ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng) — ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn) — ukomisa (干燥, gānzào). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zalezi zinyathelo azikho embhalweni.

Umbhalo ka-2023 uchaza itiye eliyisicaba «ilongjing yasentabeni» yomzana wase-Liziba: iqabunga licutshungulwa ngosuku lokuvunwa, lingashiywa ubusuku bonke.

Ukulaliswa (摊晾, tānliàng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa ukugqwala.
Ukunikeza isimo esiyisicaba (扁形, biǎnxíng).
Ukususa uboya (去毫, qùháo).
Ukuphinda kuthoswe ebanjini (回锅, huíguō).
Ukukhetha (精选, jīngxuǎn).
«Ukuphakamisa iphunga» (提香, tíxiāng).

Lena incazelo yetiye elilodwa lasemzaneni, ngaphandle kwemingcele, hhayi izidingo zophawu.

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha

Izidingo zokuvikela zihlukanisa itiye ngokuyisicaba (扁形) neligoqiwe (卷曲形). Ngezansi — okuyisicaba, kubakaki kukhona amagama ombhalo.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ihlumela elinamaqabunga liyisicaba, liqondile futhi libushelelezi, liluhlaza okwesamalidi noma liphuzi ngokuluhlaza (芽叶扁平，挺直光滑，翠绿或黄绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokuphisa: I-chestnut, noma ethambile noma ehlanzekile (栗香或嫩香、清香).
Ukunambitha: Kusha, kuvuselela, kucebile futhi kuthambile (鲜爽浓醇).
Umbala wokuphisa: Uluhlaza noma uphuzi ngokuluhlaza, okhanyayo (绿亮或黄绿明亮).
Izimbali zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Kuphuzi ngokuluhlaza, amahlumela avuleka njenge-«mbali» (黄绿成朵).

Itiye eligoshiwe — lihlangene, liluhlaza ngokucwebezela (紧结卷曲，色泽绿润), nokuphisa okuluhlaza okotshani, iphunga le-chestnut eliphakeme noma elihlanzekile (kwamanye amaqoqo — okuyimbali), ukunambitha kusha okuthambile kanye nezimbali zetiye eziphuzi ngokuluhlaza ezithambile. Ifomula evamile «青翠透金，栗香甘醇» — okuluhlaza okwesamalidi okugqame ngegolide, iphunga le-chestnut, ubumnandi obuthambile — ngokombiko ka-2019, yanikezwa umcwaningi we-Tea Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka imingcele: izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-34.0%, i-tea polyphenols ingekho ngaphansi kuka-11.0%, ama-catechin (embhalweni — «儿茶酚») angekho ngaphansi kuka-7.0%, umswakama ungekho ngaphezu kuka-7.0% (etiye elomisiwe ngelanga — 9.0%), i-crude fiber ingekho ngaphezu kuka-16.0%.

I-Xinhua (2024) inikeza lezi zinombolo ze-Longnan Lücha:

Inkomba	Okuqukethwe
I-Gallocatechin gallate (GCG)	1.03%
I-Catechin (C)	0.26%
«精氨酸» (i-arginine)	0.21 g nge-100 g
I-tea polysaccharides	0.90 g nge-100 g
I-Calcium	2479.92 mg/kg
Insimbi	143.10 mg/kg

Ushicilelo alusho indlela, isampula noma unyaka, futhi ukuphakama ngaphezu «kwemikhiqizo efanayo» akudaluli. Kunokungahambisani: umusho uqala nge-theanine, kodwa inombolo inikezwe i-arginine. Lokhu kuyinkomba ebhalwe phansi, hhayi inkambiso; angikwenzi iziphetho ngempilo.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokuphisa.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuthelwa kabili noma kathathu; izidingo zokuvikela zibiza itiye ngokuthi «高香耐泡» — elinephunga elimnandi futhi elimelana nokuthelwa.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunjwa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunjwa:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo kanye nesitika sokuvikela esilandelekayo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezigodi namadolobhana ayi-13 endawo: isifunda sikhulu, kodwa uphawu luhlanganisa le ngxenye kuphela.
- Iqabunga eliyisicaba — libushelelezi, liqondile, liluhlaza okwesamalidi noma liphuzi ngokuluhlaza; eligoshiwe — lihlangene futhi liluhlaza; iphunga — le-chestnut noma elihlanzekile.
- Itiye lendawo eliyisicaba e-Longnan libizwa ngokuthi «ilongjing»; leli itiye lase-Gansu, hhayi i-Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井).

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokombhalo ka-2023, e-Bikou i-rapeseed iqhakaza ngo-January, kanti ezifundeni ezibandayo zesifunda — kuphela ngasekupheleni kuka-April noma ekuqaleni kuka-May.
Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, e-Longnan baphinde basebenzisa itiye elibomvu kanye ne-fuzhuan ecindezelwe (茯砖茶, fúzhuānchá), kubhala umbiko ka-2019.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza asenyakatho

I-Longshen Cha (龙神茶) kanye ne-Bikou Longjing (碧口龙井): Amatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu ye-Gansu, achazwe enkundleni; idolobhana lase-Bikou liphakathi kwendawo ye-Longnan Lücha.
I-Hanzhong Xian Hao (汉中仙毫): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifundazwe esingumakhelwane i-Shaanxi.
I-Ziyang Mao Jian (紫阳毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando lesifunda sase-Ziyang e-Shaanxi.
I-Rizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Shandong — umkhawulo osenyakatho-mpumalanga wokwenza itiye lase-China, njengoba i-Longnan ingowenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Longnan Lücha — itiye lekona elilodwa kuphela le-Gansu: izigodi namadolobhana ayi-13 emngceleni wezifundazwe ezintathu, izintaba ezingaphansi kuka-1400 m, uhlobo lweqembu lwamaqabunga amancane kanye nama-clone angenisiwe, iqabunga eliyisicaba neligoqiwe elinephunga le-chestnut. Ubuchwepheshe ezidingweni zokuvikela bunikezwa njengohlelo kuphela, kodwa indawo ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe njengoba kungavamile — kuze kufike emzaneni, emphakathini nasegcekeni.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

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