I-Lanxi Maofeng (Lánxī máofēng, 兰溪毛峰) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobheni laseLanxi (兰溪市) esifundeni sasedolobheni saseJinhua maphakathi nesifundazwe saseZhejiang. Igama elithi «maofeng» lisho «iziqongo ezinoboya»: igama lichaza ukubukeka kwehlumela elinoboya neqabunga, hhayi isigaba. Isigaba sinqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuvela ezidingweni zokuvikela: ukumisa, ukusonta, ukomisa — ngaphandle kwe-oxidation. Izidingo zibiza nophawu oluyinhloko: «isimo se-orchid, iphunga elimnandi le-orchid, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokusha». Igama livikelwa kabili — ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo yezolimo kusukela ngo-2017 kanye nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo onendawo evikelwe esazisweni seNational Intellectual Property Administration sango-2025.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izidingo zokuvikela zichaza ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, futhi emiqhudelwaneni itiye livela esigabeni samatiye aluhlaza.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza laseZhejiang lohlobo lwe-maofeng; umkhiqizo onendawo evikelwe.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), isifunda sasedolobheni saseJinhua (金华, Jīnhuá), idolobha laseLanxi (兰溪, Lánxī). Ngokusho kwephephandaba lika-2025, izingadi eziyinhloko zisezintabeni zaseBaishe (柏社乡) naseHuangdian (黄店镇).
- Indawo evikelwe: Izifunda eziyi-16, amadolobhana kanye namakomiti emigwaqo aseLanxi — i-Lanjiang, i-Yunshan, i-Shanghua, i-Yongchang, i-Chixi, i-Nübu, i-Youbu, i-Zhuge, i-Huangdian, i-Xiangxi, i-Majian, i-Meijiang, i-Hengxi, i-Lingdong, i-Shuiting-She Ethnic Township kanye ne-Baishe — kanye nemizana engama-330 yokuphatha.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: 119°13′30″–119°53′50″ empumalanga, 29°05′20″–29°27′30″ enyakatho — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
- Umfakisicelo: ILanxi Economic Specialty Technology Promotion Center (兰溪市经济特产技术推广中心).
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Izinkomba zakuqala. Ngokusho kwephephandaba lesifunda saseJinhua (2025), izinkomba ezibhaliwe zetiye laseLanxi zisukela enkathini yaseTang, kanti imibhalo yendawo yaseMing neyaseQing ikhuluma ngetiye laseMuchengyuan (穆澄源) nasentabeni iLingdongshan (灵洞山). Le mibhalo angizange ngiyibone.
- 1971–1972, indaba yesipho. Iphephandaba lilandisa kabusha indatshana yomcwaningi wendawo wetiye. Ngo-1971, kulungiselelwa ukuvakasha kukaMongameli wase-United States uNixon, uMkhandlu Wombuso wanikeza iZhejiang umsebenzi wokuthola itiye elizokwethulwa izivakashi. I-West Lake Longjing yayingenele, futhi indoda yaseLanxi evela enkampanini yetiye yesifundazwe yaphakamisa iLanxi: izingadi zalapho, ngokusho kwengxoxo yayo, zisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-700–800 futhi ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Entwasahlobo ka-1972, iqembu letiye elithi «云雾毛峰» ngokwesibonelo sika-Huangshan Maofeng lenza cishe ama-jin ayikhulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kubhala iphephandaba, indaba yesipho «yasabalala phakathi kwabantu»; umbhalo wokwethulwa angizange ngiwubone.
- 1973 — igama. Kusukela ngo-1973, elithi «云雾毛峰» laqala ukubizwa ngeLanxi Maofeng. Umbhalo wezolimo waseLanxi, ngokusho kwalelo phephandaba, ubhala ngokuhlukile: ngo-1973 leli tiye «laqala ukudalwa» abalimi bezifunda zaseXiachen naseZhujia. Lezi zinguqulo ezimbili imithombo ayizihlanganisi.
- 2017. UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa indawo yezolimo evikelwe, inombolo AGI02184.
- 2025. I-National Intellectual Property Administration ngesaziso № 640 (esayinwe ngomhla ka-16 Julayi, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-13 Agasti) yaqashela iLanxi Maofeng njengomkhiqizo onendawo evikelwe — umugqa wama-435 ohlwini lwemikhiqizo eyi-1409 — futhi yagunyaza izidingo zokuvikela kwayo.
- Igama: Elithi «Lanxi» (兰溪) yigama ledolobha, ngokwezwi nezwi lisho «umfudlana we-orchid»; elithi «maofeng» (毛峰) lisho «iziqongo ezinoboya». Uhlobo olufanayo lwegama lusetshenziswa kuHuangshan Maofeng nakuHuangshi Xi Maofeng.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ubuchwepheshe «bokwenza itiye le-maofeng» bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha laseLanxi nesifunda saseJinhua.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — inani lendawo (本地群体种), i-Yingshuang (迎霜), i-Longjing 43 (龙井43号) kanye ne-Wuniu Zao (乌牛早).
- Izihlahla ezindala: Ngokusho komphathi wefekthri ye-maofeng emzaneni waseXiachen, izihlahla eziningi emithambekeni zatshalwa ngo-1980; isivuno sazo sincane, kodwa ukunambitheka kuhle.
- Indinganiso yokukha: Kusukela ehlumeleni elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kuya ehlumeleni elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili avulekile. Amaqabunga agulayo, amahlumela ansomi, amaqabunga e-fish (鱼叶) kanye namakhoba ehlumela awakhiwa.
- Isikhathi sokukha: Izidingo zithi «ngesikhathi esifanele», ngaphandle kwezinsuku.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Maphakathi neZhejiang; ingosi yetiye eyireferensi ibeka itiye ezintabeni ezisenyakatho-ntshona yesifunda.
- Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izidingo azikusho ukuphakama. Isibalo esingu-700–800 m sivela kuphela engxoxweni ka-1971 elandisiwe.
- Umhlabathi: Ophuzi noma obomvu-ophuzi, i-pH 4.5–6 — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
- Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:
- Ukutshala: entwasahlobo — kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ekwindla — kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekupheleni kukaNovemba.
- Umquba: ezingadini ezisencane — ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen; umquba ohlanganisiwe oqukethe i-chlorine awuvunyelwe.
- Ukuthena: ukuthena kokwakha — okokuqala ku-15–20 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, bese njalo ukuphakama ngo-15–20 cm; ukuthena okujulile — ngemva kokukha kwentwasahlobo, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli — ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, endaweni ephakeme engama-40–55 cm; izingadi ezindala zivuselelwa ngokuthena okuqinile noma ukusikwa kwesihlahla.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza «indlela ekhethekile» yeLanxi Maofeng: ukugazinga ebhodweni elele ngokutshekile ngesiqwaba sikanokusho (斜锅竹丝炒) kanye nokusonta ebhodweni eliyisicaba elifudumele (平锅加温揉). Amazinga okushisa kanye nezikhathi azikho ezidingweni.
Indlela yesandla:
- Ukusakaza kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng).
- Ukumisa (杀青, shāqīng): ukushisa kumisa ukufakwa komoyampilo.
- Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng).
- Ukomisa okuphelele (足烘, zúhōng).
Indlela yomshini: ukusakaza (摊青) → ukumisa (杀青) → ukuqondisa amaqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo) → ukomisa kokuqala (初烘) → ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha
Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqondile, linoboya obubonakalayo, «lifana nembali ye-orchid»; umbala uluhlaza, ucwebezelayo (挺直显毫，形似兰花，色泽绿润).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile ezidingweni.
- Iphunga lotshala: I-orchid, linoshukela (兰香带甜).
- Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuvuselelayo, kumnandi futhi kuthambile (鲜爽甘醇).
- Umbala wotshala: Uluhlaza ngobumnene, okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮).
- Indawo yetiye phansi (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Lithambile, lilinganayo, livuleka njengembali, liluhlaza licwebezele (嫩匀成朵，绿亮).
Ifomula evamile ithi — «兰花形、甜兰香、甘鲜味»: isimo se-orchid, iphunga elimnandi le-orchid, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokusha.
Ingosi yetiye eyireferensi inikeza izigaba «特级», «一级», «二级» ngencazelo ehlukile — iqabunga eliwugqinsi elinoboya besiliva, liphuzi-luhlaza — futhi lapho libiza iqabunga ngokuthi «licijile futhi lisontekile». Umthombo wokuqala ingosi ayiwusho; lokhu kuyaphikisana nezidingo zokuvikela.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo zokuvikela zomzimba namakhemikhali:
| Inkomba | Indinganiso |
|---|---|
| Ama-amino acid | okungenani 3 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | 18–25 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini | okungenani 38 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | okungaphezu kuka-6.5 % |
I-caffeine nezinye izinkomba azibizwa ezidingweni.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi — kuyo kuyabonakala ukuthi iqabunga livuleka njengembali.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza ingilazi, beka itiye, thela amanzi odongeni.
- Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yotshala, bese uthelela futhi — kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Umphathi wefekthri yaseXiachen watshela iphephandaba ukuthi ekuqaleni kokuhweba kwakhe iLanxi Maofeng yayibiza cishe ama-yuan ayikhulu nge-jin (500 g), kanti ngo-2025 — ngaphezu kwama-yuan angama-700. Ngokusho kwalowo mbhalo, edolobheni kukhona ama-mu angama-23,000 ezingadi zetiye, inani lomkhiqizo lingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-85.
- Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo evikelwe: ilungelo lalo linikezwa yiNational Intellectual Property Administration ngokuncoma komnyango wesifundazwe.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eLanxi.
- Iqabunga — liqondile, linoboya, liluhlaza licwebezele; utshala — buluhlaza ngobumnene futhi bukhanyayo; iphunga — yi-orchid enoshukela.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Ngo-2025 iLanxi Maofeng yathola igolide le-«All-China Zhejiang Green Tea Tour» eTaiyuan — unyaka wesithathu kulandelana, ngokusho kwephephandaba — kanye nesiqu se-«king of tea» phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza emqhudelwaneni wokuqala wetiye laseJinhua.
- Ngokusekelwe kuleli tiye, eLanxi benza amatiye amasha anephunga — i-jasmine kanye ne-gardenia maofeng.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye
- Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰): I-maofeng edumile yesifundazwe sase-Anhui; ngokwendaba, ngokwesibonelo sayo kwenziwa iqoqo lokuqala laseLanxi.
- Huangshi Xi Maofeng (黄石溪毛峰): I-maofeng yase-Anhui esuka entabeni iJiuhuashan — uhlobo olufanayo lwegama, isifundazwe esihlukile.
- Wuyang Chunyu (武阳春雨): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseWuyi esifundeni esifanayo saseJinhua.
- Pan’an Yunfeng (磐安云峰): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sasePan’an esifundeni saseJinhua.
Ekuphetheni:
ILanxi Maofeng itiye eliluhlaza maphakathi neZhejiang elinezidingo zokuvikela ezinemininingwane engajwayelekile endaweni yetiye lendawo: izinhlobo ezine, umhlabathi, ukuthena, ukukha kuze kube ngamaqabunga amabili, ukugazinga ngesiqwaba sikanokusho ebhodweni elele ngokutshekile kanye nefomula yokubukeka — isimo se-orchid, iphunga elimnandi le-orchid, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokusha. Indaba yesipho sika-1972 iseyindaba, kanti itiye ngokwalo lichazwe ngemibhalo.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo