I-Jinshan Cuiya (Jīnshān cuìyá, 金山翠芽) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela edolobheni laseZhenjiang (镇江) esifundazweni saseJiangsu. Leli tiye liselisha: ukukhiqizwa kokuhlola kwaqala ngo-1982, kwathi ngo-1985 ladlula ekuhlolweni kwezobuchwepheshe futhi lathola iziqu zetiye elidumile lesifundazwe kanye nelikazwelonke. Igama lisho ukuthi “amahlumela asemerald aseJinshan”: ngokwendaba yokwakhiwa kwaleli tiye, umhloli wamasampula wathi ukwakheka kweqabunga elomile kumkhumbuza iphagoda esentabeni iJinshan (金山), indawo edumile yedolobha. Leli gama livikelwe izinhlaka ezintathu: uphawu lwendawo lwezolimo (2009), uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo, kanye nokuqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izidingo zokuvikela zichaza ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza: ukuqandisa, ukuqondisa nokubumba, ukomisa.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba, elakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseJiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), idolobha laseZhenjiang (镇江, Zhènjiāng).
- Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela ezihambisana nesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office No. 640, izifunda zaseRunzhou (润州), Jingkou (京口), Dantu (丹徒), isifunda esisha saseZhenjiang (镇江新区) kanye namadolobhana angaphansi kukahulumeni iDanyang (丹阳) neJurong (句容): sezizonke izigodi ezingama-27 kanye namakomidi emigwaqo. Izixhumanisi zendawo zingu-119°00′–119°58′ empumalanga no-31°33′–32°19′ enyakatho.
- Umfakisicelo: I-Zhenjiang Tea Industry Association (镇江市茶业协会) ngokohlu lwesimemezelo No. 640.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Zhenjiang icishe ibe ngu-32.2° enyakatho no-119.4° empumalanga.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- 1982. Ngokushicilelwe mayelana nokwakhiwa kwaleli tiye, ukukhiqizwa kokuhlola kwaqalwa amapulazi etiye aseXiashu (下蜀茶场), Wuzhou (五洲茶场) kanye namanye amapulazi aseZhenjiang.
- 1983. Amasampula athunyelwa ekuhlolweni e-Anhui Agricultural College (安徽农学院). Uprofesa Chen Chuan (陈椽) owawahlola wathi leli tiye lenziwe ngamahlumela aphelele, linombala osemerald futhi limile njengephagoda yaseJinshan, futhi waphakamisa igama elithi “金山翠芽”.
- 1984. Ikomidi ledolobha lezesayensi nobuchwepheshe labeka iphrojekthi yokwakha itiye elisha elidumile, kwaqoqwa iqembu locwaningo; ngokwe-Xinhua Daily (2024), umsebenzi wawuqondiswa yilo profesa ofanayo.
- 1985. Ngokwe-Xinhua Daily (2024), ngalo nyaka ukuthuthukiswa kwaqedwa izinhlangano eziyisikhombisa, phakathi kwazo amapulazi etiye aseXiashu naseGaozi (高资茶场). Leli tiye ladlula ekuhlolweni kwezobuchwepheshe futhi laba itiye elidumile lesifundazwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka uMnyango Wezolimo, Imfuyo Nezokudoba (农牧渔业部) walinikeza isiqu setiye elidumile likazwelonke: ngokwe-Xinhua Daily (2024), embukisweni kazwelonke wamatiye adumile walowo nyaka kwakhethwa angu-11 anjalo.
- 2009. UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa leli gama njengophawu lwendawo lwezolimo; izincazelo eziyireferensi zibeka ukubhaliswa ngo-Ephreli 15, 2009.
- Uphawu. Leli gama libhaliswe futhi njengophawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi sendawo; unyaka wokubhaliswa awukhonjisiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2023. Ngomhla ka-26 Ephreli, ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lwempahla Yengqondo, inkantolo ephakathi yaseZhenjiang yavula eZhenjiang Nanshan Tea Forest Research Institute (镇江南山茶林研究所) isizinda sokuvikela ngokomthetho lolu phawu lwendawo, ngokumelene namampunge kanye nokuncintisana okungafanele.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office yaliqashela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, ngesimemezelo No. 640, esisayinwe ngoJulayi 16, 2025; ngalesi simemezelo kwaqashelwa imikhiqizo engu-1409 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ohlwini oluhambisanayo, lesi yisikhundla 286. Izidingo zomkhiqizo, ezichazwe ngezansi, zithathwe esithasiselweni sesibili salesi simemezelo.
- Imiklomelo: Ngokwe-Xinhua Daily (2024), leli tiye laphumelela kabili endaweni yokuqala ngamaphuzu aphelele emncintiswaneni kazwelonke we-Zhongcha Bei (中茶杯).
- Igama: 金山 intaba iJinshan eZhenjiang, 翠 “okumibalabala”, 芽 “ihlumela”.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Leli gama lixhuma itiye elisha nentaba iJinshan kanye nephagoda yayo, indawo edumile yaseZhenjiang. I-Xinhua Daily (2024) idlulisa ifomula yekhwalithi yendawo: “umbala uluhlaza okotshani, iphunga lihlanzekile, ukunambitheka kusha, isimo sihle” (色翠、清香、味鲜、形美).
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, izinhlobo ezikloniwe 福鼎大毫茶 (Fúdǐng dàháochá), 福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá), 福云六号 (Fúyún liùhào) nezinye.
- Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, ukuvuna kuqala lapho amahlumela asebusika efinyelela “ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa” (一芽一叶); ibanga eliphakeme lenziwa ikakhulukazi ngamahlumela awodwa anobude obucishe bube ngu-2.5 cm (特级以单芽为主). Indaba yokwakhiwa kwaleli tiye nayo ithi amasampula ka-1983 ayenziwe ngamahlumela aphelele (全芽制成).
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube cishe iGuyu (谷雨, gǔyǔ).
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Isifunda saseZhenjiang; endaweni evikelwe kunezifunda eziyisithupha kanye namadolobhana angaphansi kukahulumeni.
- Intaba iWuqishan: Okunye kokushicilelwe ngaleli tiye kubiza indawo yokukhiqiza ngokuthi intaba iWuqishan (武岐山) ngaseXiashu eJurong, “isiqongo sesibili esiphakeme esifundazweni”, esicishe simbozwe amafu unyaka wonke. Ukuphakama kwayo akukho emithonjeni etholakele, futhi lokhu akuqinisekiswanga eminye imithombo. I-Xinhua Daily (2024) ibiza intaba iWuqishan ngaseXiashu nangokuthi iYunwushan (云雾山) “intaba yamafu nenkungu”.
- Inhlabathi: Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, inhlabathi yesifunda iyinguquko phakathi kwenhlabathi yasenyakatho neyaseningizimu. Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza izinhlobo ezimbili, “inhlabathi ephuzi enesihlabathi” (黄砂土) kanye “nenhlabathi ephuzi eqinile” (黄刚土). Eyesibili inezinhlayiya eziningi zobumba, i-hydrogen eshintshisanayo, i-aluminium kanye nezisekelo, inothile ngemisoco yamaminerali futhi ifanele itiye. Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, inhlabathi ephuzi enesihlabathi ine-pH yongqimba olungaphezulu engu-5.1–6.0, futhi igcina umswakama nomquba kahle.
- Izivande ngokwezidingo zokuvikela: Izihlahla zitshalwa emiseleni ephansi, imigqa emikhulu ingu-150 cm, imigqa emincane ingu-30 cm, phakathi kwezihlahla kungu-25–30 cm; ngemva kokutshala, inhlabathi imbozwa ngotshani noma ngefilimu emnyama. Umqhele wakhiwa ngokuthenwa kathathu, kanti ngemva kokuvuna kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ukuthenwa okuqinile bese izihlahla ziyekwa ukuphumula ekuvuneni.
- Ukuphakama nesimo sezulu: Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Izidingo zokuvikela zichaza ukulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ukunaba kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Ngongqimba olungadluli ku-2 cm, endaweni ehlanzekile, eyomile, epholile futhi enomoya omuhle, ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-20 °C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongaphezu kuka-70 %.
- Ukuqandisa (杀青, shāqīng): Izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kukhethwa ukuze iqabunga lisuke ekubeni luhlaza okusha libe luhlaza okumnyama, futhi iphunga lotshani linyamalale.
- Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Ngongqimba olungu-2–4 cm endaweni enomoya, imizuzu engu-15–20.
- Ukuqondisa nokubumba (理条整形, lǐtiáo zhěngxíng): Ezingeni lokushisa leqabunga elingaba ngu-40 °C; bese iqabunga liphinde lipholiswe ngongqimba olungadluli ku-3 cm imizuzu engaba ngu-20.
- Ukomisa kabusha ebhodweni (回锅干燥, huíguō gānzào): Kuze kube yilapho iqabunga liqala ukuphuka kancane phakathi kweminwe; ukwehla kwesisindo kungu-65 %.
- Ukomisa okuphelele (足干, zúgān): Ngomoya oshisayo ku-60–80 °C, ngongqimba olungu-1–1.5 cm, kugudluzwa.
- Ukupholisa: Itiye elomile lipholiswa lize lifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.
- Ukuqedela ngesandla (手工精制, shǒugōng jīngzhì): Itiye liyahlungwa ngomshini wokuhlunga noma ngesandla, kususwe izingcwecwe nezingcezu, kuhlungwe uthuli.
Amazinga okushisa ebhodwe kanye nobude besikhathi sokuqandisa awekho ezidingweni. Kukhona indinganiso yendawo yaseZhenjiang DB3211/T 1010-2019 «农产品地理标志 镇江金山翠芽茶»: yagunyazwa ngoDisemba 20, 2019, yaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2020; umbhalo wayo awukwazanga ukuvulwa.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Le ncazelo engezansi ivela ezidingweni zokuvikela.
- Isimo seqabunga elomile: Lisicaba, liqondile, licijile futhi lilingana (扁平挺削匀整), linombala osemerald, noboya obubonakalayo (色翠显毫).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lomuthi wetiye: Liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香高持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kugcwele (滋味鲜浓).
- Umbala womuthi wetiye: Uluhlaza osemerald, ukhanya (汤色翠绿明亮).
- Izimpawu zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Lithambile, lilingana futhi linamandla (叶底嫩匀肥壮).
Ngokushicilelwe ngaleli tiye, enkomishini amahlumela ngezinye izikhathi alenga emanzini, ngezinye izikhathi ame mpo phansi; lokhu kuqhathaniswa namahlumela amasha omoba.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka lezi zindinganiso:
| Inkomba | Indinganiso |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini | okungenani u-36 % |
| Umlotha ophelele | okungadluli ku-6.5 % |
| I-cellulose eluhlaza | okungadluli ku-10.5 % |
| Izingcezu ezincane | okungadluli ku-1.0 % |
| Umswakama | okungadluli ku-6.5 % |
Ayikho imininingwane ngama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yokubuka, lapho kungabonakala khona amahlumela ema mpo.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza ingilazi.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukuphisa kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yomuthi wetiye.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Namampunge
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ungawagwema kanjani amampunge:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwesitifiketi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela endaweni evikelwe, izifunda eziyisithupha kanye namadolobhana angaphansi kukahulumeni aseZhenjiang.
- Iqabunga lisicaba, liqondile, linombala osemerald, linoboya; umuthi wetiye uluhlaza osemerald futhi ukhanya.
- Iqabunga eliluhlaza eliyisicaba likhona ematiyeni amaningi, ngakho ukubukeka kukodwa akufakazeli imvelaphi.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Leli gama lanikezwa ngo-1983 ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamasampula ngenxa yokufana kwesimo nephagoda yentaba iJinshan.
- Ukuvikela lolu phawu lwendawo, inkantolo yaseZhenjiang yavula isizinda esikhethekile sokuvikela ngokomthetho, ngqo esikhungweni setiye.
- Inganekwane edluliswa yi-Xinhua Daily (2024) ithi entabeni iWuqishan wazuza ukungafi futhi watshala itiye uLiu Bowen (刘伯温), isikhulu sangesikhathi seMing. Lena inganekwane ngentaba, hhayi umlando waleli tiye ngokwalo: lakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980.
- Indawo evikelwe ihlangana nendawo yelinye itiye: idolobhana likahulumeni iJurong lisesifundeni se-Jinshan Cuiya futhi liphelele endaweni ye-Maoshan Changqing.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ayisicaba aseJiangsu
- I-Maoshan Changqing (茅山长青): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba neliqondile lezintaba zaseMaoshan eJurong, esifundeni esifanayo saseZhenjiang; nalo lakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980.
- I-Jintan Queshe (金坛雀舌): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseJintan esifundeni esingumakhelwane saseChangzhou, futhi itiye elisha langeminyaka yawo-1980.
- I-Taihu Cuizhu (太湖翠竹): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseWuxi langasekupheleni kwawo-1980; enkomishini amaqabunga nawo ama mpo.
- I-Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶): Itiye laseNanjing elingumakhelwane, kodwa linesimo senaliti, hhayi esiyisicaba.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Jinshan Cuiya itiye eliyisicaba elincane laseZhenjiang, elakhiwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 futhi laqanjwa ngephagoda yentaba yedolobha. Izidingo zokuvikela zilichaza ngokuningiliziwe: iqabunga eliyisicaba elinosemerald elinoboya, iphunga eliphakeme nelihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okusha nokugcwele. Izinhlaka ezintathu zokuvikela kanye nesizinda esikhethekile sokuvikela ngokomthetho kukhombisa ukuthi leli dolobha lilazisa kangakanani leli gama.
Imithombo
Amazinga
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo