Jiāolǐng lǜchá

IJiaoling Lücha (Jiāolǐng lǜchá, 蕉岭绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseJiaoling (蕉岭县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseMeizhou enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseGuangdong. Into eyinqaba kakhulu ibhalwe embhalweni wenkomba yendawo uqobo: itiye eliluhlaza lapha lenziwa ngezinhlobo ezijwayele ukusetshenziselwa iwulong — 水仙 kanye 小叶乌龙. Umbhalo wango-2016 uchaza kabanzi indawo - ukuphakama okungekho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-530, izidingo zenhlabathi kuze kufike ekujuleni kongqimba - kanye netiye uqobo: ukusonteka okuqinile okunamaphuzu emiqumbe, ukumnika okuphuzi nokuluhlaza okukhanyayo, iphunga elihlanzekile nelihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okuthambile okumnandi nokubushelelezi nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagcwalisiwe. Isigaba sibhalwe egameni; umbhalo wenkomba yendawo ubeka ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza: ukulungisa, ukusonteka, ukomisa.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni laseGuangdong elenziwe ngezinhlobo zewulong; umkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo (2016).
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), umasipala waseMeizhou (梅州, Méizhōu), isifunda saseJiaoling (蕉岭县, Jiāolǐng Xiàn). Indawo evikelwe — indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesifunda saseJiaoling.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseJiaoling — cishe u-24,7° enyakatho nobubanzi no-116,2° empumalanga nobude.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Ngaphambi kokuvikelwa. Umlando obhaliwe wetiye eliluhlaza laseJiaoling awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2016. NgoDisemba 28, i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo № 128 yavikela iJiaoling Lücha njengomkhiqizo onenkomba yendawo. Isijobelelo sesimemezelo — yizidingo zekhwalithi: izinhlobo, indawo, ukutshalwa, ukuvunwa, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokubukeka. Ngesimemezelo esifanayo kuvikelwa uju lwesifunda esifanayo (桂岭蜂蜜).
  • 2020. IMeizhou yakhipha izinga lendawo DB4414/T 6—2020 «地理标志产品 蕉岭绿茶»: lishicilelwe ngoSepthemba 25, laqala ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba 25, 2020. Lihlobene netiye elivikelwe isimemezelo sango-2016 № 128.
  • 2021. NgoDisemba 22 itiye lafakwa kukhathalogi yesithathu kazwelonke ye «名特优新» yemikhiqizo yezolimo (№ 333). Umfakisicelo — ngumnyango wezolimo wesifunda; isicelo sikhomba indawo engamahekthare ayi-1000.
  • 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo № 620 yanikeza abakhiqizi ilungelo lophawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo we-GI.
• Igama:
  • «IJiaoling» (蕉岭) — «iqolo likabhanana», igama lesifunda.
  • «ILücha» (绿茶, lǜchá) — «itiye eliluhlaza».
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Okunye kuyaziwa: isifunda sithuthukisa itiye ngenkomba yendawo kanye nekhathalogi ye «名特优新».

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokombhalo — 水仙 (shuǐxiān) kanye 小叶乌龙 (xiǎoyè wūlóng), izinhlobo zesiko lewulong. Itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngezinto zewulong — inhlanganisela engajwayelekile.
• Ukuvuna: Ngokombhalo — kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuze kube maphakathi no-April.
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Kusukela emqumbe oneqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kuya emqumbe onamaqabunga amabili (一芽一叶初展至一芽二叶).
• Ukutshalwa: Ukusabalalisa ngezinqwembe; kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezingama-45 000 ehektheleni; kungabi ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-12 omquba ophilayo obolile ehektheleni ngonyaka.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinhlobo 水仙 kanye 小叶乌龙; imvelaphi evela esifundeni saseJiaoling.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshalwa

• Isifunda: Izintaba zasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeGuangdong.
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Ngokombhalo — akukho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-530.
• Inhlabathi: Ngokombhalo — inhlabathi ebomvu kanye namatshe (红壤土、砾土), i-pH 5,4–6,7, izinto eziphilayo azingekho ngaphansi kwe-1,5 %, ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi akukho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-1,5; emanzini angaphansi komhlaba umbhalo ubhala «地下水位≤1,0 m». Izincazelo ezidumile zithi inhlabathi yesifunda inothile nge-selenium; ukuhlaziywa akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon sasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeGuangdong; imininingwane eqondile yezingadi ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe bubekwa umbhalo wango-2016: ukusakaza → ukulungisa → ukusonteka → ukomisa → ukuhlukanisa nokushisa kabusha.

• Ukusakaza (摊放, tānfàng): Ungqimba lweqabunga elisha — alukho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-0,15, kungabi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-8, kuze kube umswakama weqabunga wehlela ku-68–72 %.
• Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ku-220–260 °C, kuze kuphele iphunga lotshani futhi kuvele iphunga, futhi iqabunga libe luhlaza okumnyama, lithambe futhi linwebeka.
• Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kuze kube kungabi ngaphansi kwe-70 % yamaqabunga isongwe yaba yintambo.
• Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ku-120–150 °C, kuthoswa cishe kuze kube yizingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye zokoma.
• Ukuhlukanisa nokushisa kabusha (拣剔和复火, jiǎntī hé fùhuǒ): Imingcele ayinikezwanga embhalweni.

Umbhalo awuchazi ngokwehlukana ukuthi kusetshenzwa kanjani neqabunga eliwugqinsi lezinhlobo zewulong.

6. Izici zokuzwa ngezitho

Ngokombhalo wango-2016:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuqinile okunamaphuzu emiqumbe abonakalayo (外形紧结，有锋苗), umbala uluhlaza, ucwebezela (色泽绿润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga eligcwele elihlanzekile (干茶有浓郁的清香气味).
• Iphunga lokumnika: Ihlanzekile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside (香气清香持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Kunephunga elimnandi, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kubushelelezi, nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside okumnandi (滋味香醇甘滑，回甘持久). Umbhalo uphawula ukuthi itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kaningi (耐冲泡).
• Umbala wokumnika: Uphuzi nokuluhlaza, kukhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮).
• Umsila wetiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Luhlaza, likhanyayo (叶底绿亮).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Umbhalo wango-2016 ubeka izinkomba ezimbili:

• Umswakama: kungabi ngaphezu kwe-5 %.
• Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: kungabi ngaphansi kwe-38 %.

Imininingwane ngama-amino acid, ama-polyphenol kanye ne-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo

Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye uqobo ayikho. Ukukhulunywa nge-selenium enhlabathini yesifunda akudluliselwa ezakhiweni zetiye ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kweqabunga uqobo.

9. Ukuthela

Inqubo yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Kusukela embhalweni kufika into eyodwa lapha: itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kaningi.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 kumamililitha angu-150.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa izitsha.
  2. Faka itiye.
  3. Thela amanzi amancane, vumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engu-20–30.
  4. Thela amanzi engeziwe; ukuthelwa kokuqala — imizuzu e-1–2.
  5. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokumnika.
  6. Ukuphinda ukuthela kabili noma kathathu.

10. Ukugcinwa

Inqubo yesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye lesizini, ukuguga akudingekile.

11. Intengo kanye nomgunyathi

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopela:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo we-GI ephaketheni.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseJiaoling.
  • Qhathanisa ukubukeka nombhalo: ukusonteka okuqinile okunamaphuzu emiqumbe, ukumnika okuphuzi nokuluhlaza okukhanyayo.
  • Khumbula ukuthi inkomba yendawo ivikela itiye eliluhlaza ngokuqondile; iwulong evela ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo 水仙 noma 小叶乌龙 ayihlanganisiwe kulokhu kuvikelwa.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Itiye eliluhlaza ngokombhalo lenziwa ngezinhlobo zewulong 水仙 kanye 小叶乌龙.
• Umbhalo ubeka ngisho ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi kanye nezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
• Ekusontekeni kufanele kusongwe okungenani ama-70 % amaqabunga abe yintambo — kubhalwe kanjalo ezidingweni.
• «IJiaoling» lisho «iqolo likabhanana».
• Kukhathalogi ye «名特优新» yango-2021 itiye limi ngenombolo 333.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza

• IMeixian Lücha (梅县绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elingumakhelwane lomasipala ofanayo waseMeizhou.
• IYingde Lücha (英德绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela esikoleni samaqabunga amakhulu saseGuangdong.
• ILechang Baimaocha (乐昌白毛茶): Itiye laseGuangdong elivela esixukwini sendawo esinoboya obumhlophe; uhlobo oluhlukile lwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ekuphetheni:

IJiaoling Lücha itiye eliluhlaza elinezinto ezingalindelekile: izinhlobo 水仙 kanye 小叶乌龙, ezijwayele iwulong. Umbhalo wango-2016 ulichaza kabanzi: ukuphakama okungekho ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-530, inhlabathi ebomvu namatshe ene-acid encane, ukuvuna kusukela ngoMashi kuze kube maphakathi no-April, ukulungisa ku-220–260 °C, ukusonteka okuqinile okunamaphuzu emiqumbe, ukumnika okuphuzi nokuluhlaza okukhanyayo, iphunga elihlanzekile nelihlala isikhathi eside kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi nokubushelelezi nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Umlando nezintengo imithombo evulekile ayikunikezi — kuphela lokho okubhalwe ezidingweni.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• DB4414/T 6-2020

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 第620号地理标志产品专用标志核准 №620

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo