I-Zhucheng Lücha (Zhūchéng lǜchá, 诸城绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobheni lase-Zhucheng (诸城市) esifundeni sase-Weifang, esifundazweni sase-Shandong, elinye lamatiye asenyakatho yesifundazwe; incazelo eyireferensi ixhumanisa ukuvela kwalo lapha nomnyakazo othi «南茶北引» — «itiye laseningizimu — liya enyakatho». Indawo evikelekile yizigodi ezintathu kuphela namadolobhana amancane eningizimu yesifunda. Izidingo zichaza izimo ezimbili, ezisongekile neziphansi, futhi kuzona zombili isici esiyinhloko kuthiwa iphunga le-castnut eliminyene nelisha (栗香, lìxiāng). Leli gama livikelwe kusukela ngo-2011, kwathi ngo-2025 i-CNIPA yavuselela izidingo ngesimemezelo № 646.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba siqanjwe egameni futhi saqinisekiswa ubuchwepheshe obuvela ezidingweni zokuvikela: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa noma ukuqondiswa, ukomiswa.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Shandong lasenyakatho elinophawu lwendawo.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shandong (山东, Shāndōng), isifunda sase-Weifang (潍坊, Wéifāng), idolobha lase-Zhucheng (诸城, Zhūchéng).
- Indawo evikelekile: Izindawo ezintathu zesifunda emingceleni esebenzayo — i-Taolin (桃林, Táolín), i-Huanghua (皇华, Huánghuá) kanye ne-Linjia (林家村, Línjiācūn). Ezidingweni zika-2025 i-Taolin ibizwa ngokuthi isigodi (乡), ekuhlukanisweni kwezibalo ibizwa ngokuthi idolobhana (镇); incazelo eyireferensi, ephinda uhlelo lwangaphambilini, icacisa ukuthi kufakwe kuyona isigodi sangaphambili sase-Shandongtou (山东头). Uhlaka lwezixhumanisi lwezindawo alunikwanga izidingo.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isikhungo sase-Zhucheng cishe singu-36.0° N no-119.4° E; idolobhana lase-Taolin cishe lingu-35.8° N no-119.5° E.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Umlando wokuqala. Incazelo eyireferensi iqala umlando wetiye e-Zhucheng ngenkathi ye-Yuan (元); umthombo wokuqala angiwubonanga.
- 1956. Ngokwencazelo efanayo, kulo nyaka ukwethulwa kwetiye laseningizimu kwaphumelela lapha — «南茶北引» (nánchá běiyǐn). Ushicilelo lwendawo lwase-Shandong lubiza u-1956 ngonyaka wezitshalo zokuqala eziqandiswe esifundazweni, ngakho usuku luhlala luwusuku lwereferensi.
- 2010. Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, e-Taolin kwakukhona izingadi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi ze-mu kanye nemizana yamatiye engamashumi ayisikhombisa, umkhiqizo wawungamathani angu-2600 etiye elomile ngonyaka.
- 2011. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo № 14 sango-2011 yavikela «诸城绿茶» njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
- Ukubhaliswa kwezolimo. Leli gama lafakwa futhi kurejista yoMnyango Wezolimo (AGI01819); unyaka nomnikazi angikuhlolanga.
- 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo № 646 yavuma «诸城绿茶» njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Umfakisicelo uhulumeni wedolobha lase-Zhucheng; izidingo ezintsha zathatha indawo yesigaba setiye esimemezelweni sika-2011.
- Igama: «Zhucheng» (诸城) yigama ledolobha; «lücha» (绿茶) lisho «itiye eliluhlaza».
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-referensi ibiza itiye ngokuthi «中国最北端茗茶» — «itiye elidumile elisenyakatho kakhulu e-China». Lokhu akuvumelani nobubanzi bendawo: i-Taolin icishe ibe ngu-35.8° N, kanti izingadi zase-Laoshan ngaphansi kwe-Qingdao ziku-36°03′–36°20′ N, i-Yantai isenyakatho nakakhulu. Okuyiqiniso ukuthi: i-Zhucheng iyingxenye yebhande letiye lasenyakatho lase-Shandong.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — «Dashanlü № 1» (大山绿1号, Dàshānlǜ 1), «Dashanlü № 2» (大山绿2号, Dàshānlǜ 2) nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele leli tiye. Imininingwane yezinhlobo ngokwazo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo kusukela maphakathi no-March kuya ekuqaleni kuka-June, ukukwindla kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-September kuya ekuqaleni kuka-October.
- Indinganiso yokuvuna: Izigaba ezintathu zezinto zokusetshenziswa:
- Ephakeme kakhulu (特级): ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elivulekayo, amahlumela aneqabunga elivulekile angaphezu kuka-10 %.
- Eyokuqala (一级): ikakhulukazi kusukela ehlumeleni elineqabunga elilodwa kuya ehlumeleni elivulekayo elinamacembe amabili; amahlumela anamacembe amabili angaphezu kuka-15 %.
- Eyesibili (二级): ikakhulukazi kusukela ehlumeleni elinamacembe amabili kuya ehlumeleni elivulekayo elinamacembe amathathu; amahlumela anamacembe amathathu angaphezu kuka-20 %.
- Ukutshala: Lapho kutshalwa ngembewu — ngomugqa owodwa noma emibili, izimbewu ezi-5–6 emgodini ngamunye, ngemva kokuhluma kusala izitshalo ezi-3–4 eziqinile. Izithombo kungcono ukutshala kusukela maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kuka-March noma ngo-October, izitshalo ezingu-60–70 nge-mu ngayinye (667 m²).
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Iningizimu yedolobha lase-Zhucheng.
- Iziza: Ngokwezidingo — ezivalelekile emoyeni nezibheke elangeni.
- Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yamahlathi ensundu (棕壤, zōngrǎng) noma esondelene nayo; i-pH 5.5–6.8, izinto eziphilayo azingaphansi kuka-1.0 %, ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi akungaphansi kwama-60 cm, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajule ngaphezu kwe-100 cm.
- Isimo sezulu nobude: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka izindlela ezimbili kanye nemingcele ejwayelekile — lena incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo, hhayi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba.
- Itiye elisongekile (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng): ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng) → ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng) → ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn) → ukomiswa kwesibili (二青, èrqīng) → ukubunjwa nokomiswa (做形烘干, zuòxíng hōnggān) → ukuvezwa kwephunga (提香, tíxiāng) → ukupakishwa.
- Itiye eliyisicaba (扁形, biǎn xíng): ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga elisha → ukulungiswa → ukuqondiswa kweqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo) → ukubunjwa ngokucindezela (压扁, yābiǎn) → ukomiswa kokugcina (辉干, huīgān) → ukupakishwa.
- Imingcele: Iqabunga elisha lihlukaniswa ungqimba olungaphezu kwama-5 cm, kuze kube yilapho selilahlekelwe umswakama ongu-15–20 %. Ukulungiswa kwenzeka ku-350–410 °C. Lapho kuqondiswa futhi kubunjwa, izinga lokushisa liholwa lisuka phezulu liya phansi. Ukomiswa kokugcina cishe ku-120 °C, kungaphezu kwesigamu sehora.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela; izigaba zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Itiye elisongekile — imicu emincane esongekile, elinganayo, enamaqabunga anenyama; umbala usuka koluhlaza okotshani (翠绿) kuya koluhlaza omnyama, cishe onsundu (墨绿), ngaphandle kwamaqabunga aphuzi noma aphukile. Itiye eliyisicaba — liyisicaba, linamaqabunga anenyama, lisuka kokubushelelezi kuya kokulinganayo; umbala usuka koluhlaza ocashile kuya koluhlaza omnyama, ulingana futhi uhlanzekile.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lotshwala: I-castnut, iminyene futhi isha (栗香浓郁而清爽). Etiyeni elisongekile imibala isuka kokusha nokuncane kuya kokuhlanzekile ngokwanele, etiyeni eliyisicaba isuka ku-castnut kuya kokuhlanzekile okusha (清香).
- Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile, okuyindilinga (醇) — kubhalwe kanjalo etiyeni elisongekile; etiyeni eliyisicaba ukunambitheka akuchazwanga ezidingweni.
- Umbala wotshwala: Itiye elisongekile — lisuka koluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo kuya koluhlaza okuphuzi, okukhanyayo ngokwanele, ngaphandle kokufiphalisa. Eliyisicaba — lisuka koluhlaza okuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya koluhlaza okuphuzi, okukhanyayo ngokwanele.
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Itiye elisongekile — lisuka kokukhanyayo kuya kokukhanyayo ngokwanele, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga anamabala. Eliyisicaba alichazwanga.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka izinkomba ezimbili ze-physicochemical:
| Inkomba | Isidingo |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo emanzini | azingaphansi kuka-38 % |
| I-cellulose eluhlaza | ayikho ngaphezu kuka-12 % |
Imininingwane ngama-polyphenols, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine yaleli tiye ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Inqubo yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Ubuningi betiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa izitsha, faka itiye, thela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukuncishiswa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala, bese uthela futhi — kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Inqubo yesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga langaphandle. Ubusha bephunga buyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho itiye kungcono ukuliphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Imininingwane ngamanani ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Uzivikela kanjani emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo: ilungelo lalo livunyelwa yi-CNIPA.
- Hlola ukuthi itiye lenziwe kwelinye lamadolobhana amathathu endawo — i-Taolin, i-Huanghua noma i-Linjia.
- Iqabunga eliphukile neliphuphuke alihambisani nezidingo; ephungeni kukhona ithoni ye-castnut, utshwala abunakufiphalisa.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Indawo ye-Zhucheng Lücha ingamadolobhana amathathu. Ukuqhathanisa: i-Yantai Cha (烟台茶) inezindawo zokuphatha eziyishumi nanhlanu kanye nezigodi namadolobhana angu-154, i-Taishan Hongcha (泰山红茶) inemizi engu-965.
- Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, itiye laleli gama linophawu olulodwa «lwezimpawu zokuthengisa ezidumile zase-China» (中国驰名商标) kanye nezimpawu ezintathu ezidumile zesifundazwe sase-Shandong.
- Ukuvuna kwenzeka kabili: inkathi yasentwasahlobo izidingo ziyiqeda ekuqaleni kuka-June, eyasekwindla iyiqala ekuqaleni kuka-September, azikuhlinzekeli ukukhishwa kwasehlobo.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Shandong
- I-Rizhao Lücha (日照绿茶): Elinye lamatiye aluhlaza adume kakhulu e-Shandong, avela esifundeni esiseduze nogu; nawo asongekile futhi ayisicaba, anethoni ye-castnut.
- I-Junan Lücha (莒南绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Junan esifundeni sase-Linyi; izimo ezintathu — elisongekile, eliyisicaba nelinaliti — kanye nephunga le-castnut kuzo zonke.
- I-Yimeng Yu Ya (沂蒙玉芽): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda sase-Junan eningizimu ye-Shandong, eliqanjwe ngezintaba zase-Yimeng; nalo linephunga le-castnut.
- I-Laoshan Lücha (崂山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasogwini lwase-Laoshan ngaphansi kwe-Qingdao, enyakatho ye-Zhucheng.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Zhucheng Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lamadolobhana amathathu eningizimu ye-Zhucheng. Idokhumenti yalo imfushane, kodwa inembile: izinhlobo ze-«Dashanlü», inhlabathi ensundu, ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo nokwindla, ukulungiswa ku-350–410 °C, isimo esisongekile nesiyisicaba kanye nephunga le-castnut. Umlando emithonjeni yokuqala mncane, futhi isiqu esithi «itiye elidumile elisenyakatho kakhulu e-China» esivela kureferensi asivumelani nobubanzi bendawo.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo