Tàishān hóngchá

I-Taishan Hongcha (Tàishān hóngchá, 泰山红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Tai’an (泰安) eduze kwentaba i-Taishan esifundazweni sase-Shandong. I-Shandong ingesinye sezifunda zetiye ezisenyakatho kakhulu eChina, futhi itiye lapha litshalwe kuphela kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kanti umkhiqizo omkhulu wesifunda ngulohlaza: inhlangano yendawo yetiye ichaza imboni ngefomula ethi “okuluhlaza okuyinhloko, okubomvu okuyinsiza”. Izidingo zokuvikela zibala izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, zichaza ngokuningiliziwe ubusika bezihlahla futhi zibeka ukubukeka ngezinhlobo ezintathu. Igama lifakwe kurejista yemikhiqizo yezolimo enophawu lwendawo ngo-2017, kwathi ngo-2025 ngesimemezelo sika-State Intellectual Property Office No. 646 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele; isigaba siqanjwe egameni.
• Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lasenyakatho laseShandong; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Kanye ne-Taishan Lücha (泰山绿茶) nophawu lwesitifiketi lwe “泰山茶”, ngokwencazelo yenhlangano, lingena emndenini owodwa “wetiye laseTaishan”.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shandong (山东, Shāndōng), isifunda sase-Tai’an (泰安, Tài’ān).
• Indawo yokuvikela: Amayunithi ayisithupha: isifunda sase-Taishan (泰山区), indawo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu (高新区), isifunda sase-Daiyue (岱岳区), i-Feicheng (肥城), i-Ningyang (宁阳) kanye ne-Xintai (新泰) — sezizonke izigodi namalokishi angama-29 kanye nemizana yokuphatha engama-965. Umfakisicelo yi-Tai’an Tea Association “Taishan” (泰安市泰山茶叶协会).
• Iphutha embhalweni: Isithasiselo sesimemezelo sika-2025 sibeka lezi zifunda ngaphansi kwe “泰山市”. Leli yunithi lokuphatha alikho: intaba i-Taishan kanye nezifunda ezibaluliwe zisesifundeni sase-Tai’an. Incazelo eyireferensi yegama ibala izindawo ezinhlanu hhayi eziyisithupha — okunye ukungezwani.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 116°43′34″–117°39′32″ empumalanga, 35°41′33″–36°25′15″ enyakatho.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Ukuphuzwa kwetiye ngaphambi kwetiye. Izincazelo eziyireferensi ziqala ngombhalo weTang “Feng shi wenjian ji” (封氏闻见记): ngeminyaka ye-Kaiyuan (713–741) esigodlweni se-Lingyansi (灵岩寺) eTaishan baphuza itiye ukuze bangalali ngesikhathi sokuzindla, futhi umkhuba wasakazeka esifundeni. Lona umlando wokuphuzwa kwetiye, hhayi wokulinywa kwetiye.
  • 1952. Ngokwalezi zincazelo ezicaphuna umlando wesifundazwe wezohwebo, imbewu yetiye yalethwa ivela eningizimu futhi yatshalwa entabeni i-Culaishan (徂徕山), kodwa kwasinda izihlahla ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela.
  • 1960–1970s. Ohlelweni olukhulu lwesifundazwe “南茶北引” — “ukuthuthela itiye laseningizimu enyakatho” — i-Tai’an yaba enye yezindawo zokuqala lapho itiye lakhula khona; ngeminyaka yawo-1970 imboni yathola ukukhula kwayo kokuqala.
  • 2017. Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, ngoDisemba 22 uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa i-Taishan Hongcha njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo (inombolo AGI02196).
  • 2019. NgoJuni, ngokombiko we “Shandong shangbao” (2023), kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo lwe “泰山茶”.
  • 2025. Ngesimemezelo No. 646 sangoSepthemba 23, 2025, i-State Intellectual Property Office yaqashela i-Taishan Hongcha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; ngokombiko we “Zhongguo zhiliang xinwen wang”, kanye ne-Taishan Lücha yadlula isuka kolunye uhlobo lokuvikela yaya kolunye. Ukuthi ukubhaliswa kwangaphambilini kwe-AGI02196 kusasebenza yini, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2025, Oktoba. Ngokombiko wenhlangano, ezifundweni zezinsuku ezinhlanu ezihlelwe wuMnyango Wezolimo waseTai’an, kwasetshenzwa ubuchwepheshe obusha betiye elibomvu “泰山韵·花果香” — “ithoni yaseTaishan, iphunga lezimbali nezithelo”; ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi buhlolwe ngezinga elincane.
  • 2026. Ngokombiko wenhlangano (Juni 2026), amazinga esifundazwe “Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. I-Taishan Lücha” kanye ”… I-Taishan Hongcha” afakwe eqhulwini lohlelo lwamazinga endawo lwango-2026; ngesikhathi sombiko, uhlaka lohlelo lwalusemphakathini ukuze kuxoxwe ngalo.
• Igama: “I-Taishan” (泰山) yintaba i-Taishan; “hongcha” (红茶) lisho “itiye elibomvu”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni, itiye elibomvu liwumugqa wesibili ngemuva kokuluhlaza. Inhlangano yakha ngaseduze kwegama “泰山茶” “i-matrix yemikhiqizo”: uphawu olujwayelekile phezulu, amamaki ezinkampani ngaphansi kwalo.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe

• Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Izidingo zokuvikela zibala izinhlobo ezimele: i-黄山群体种 (Huángshān qúntǐzhǒng, iqembu laseHuangshan), i-福鼎大白 (Fúdǐng dàbái), i-鸠坑 (Jiūkēng), i-金萱 (Jīnxuān, uhlobo lwaseTaiwan), i-中茶108 (Zhōngchá 108), i-碧香早 (Bìxiāngzǎo), i-农抗早 (Nóngkàngzǎo) kanye ne-舒茶早 (Shūcházǎo).
• Ukuvuna: Azikho izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Alibekiwe. Izidingo zikhuluma kuphela ngekhwalithi yeqabunga elisha: lisha, lihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokungcola nezimpawu zezinambuzane.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Izintaba namagquma aseTaishan enkabeni yeShandong.
• Indawo: Imithambeka ekhanyiswe yilanga, evikelekile emoyeni, lapho kungenziwa khona ukunisela ngesikhathi sesomiso futhi kudonswe amanzi ngesikhathi semvula; inhlabathi namanzi okunisela — ngaphandle kokungcola, kude nezimboni nezimayini.
• Inhlabathi: Ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi yasehlathini ensundu (棕壤), i-pH cishe i-6.5, ejulile, evunduvundu, ebamba kahle amanzi nezakhi.
• Ukuphakama nesimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi yegama — ukuphakama okungu-200–800 m; izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi eTai’an lingu-12.9 °C, imvula ingu-697 mm ngonyaka, ukukhanya kwelanga kungamahora angu-2627.1, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingu-195. Ezidingweni zokuvikela lezi zinombolo azikho.
• Ukunakekela: Ukulima nokuhlakula, ukusebenza okujulile kwenhlabathi, ukutshala phakathi kwemigqa, ukumboza nge-mulch, ukunisela — ngaphambi kokuphuma kwamaqabunga, ngemuva komanyolo nangaphambi kobusika; ngesikhathi semvula amanzi ayadonswa.
• Ubusika: Izidingo zikuchaza ngokuningiliziwe lokhu: imigqa yokuvikela umoya, umanyolo ngaphambi kobusika cishe ngesikhathi se-Bailu (白露), ukunisela okuningi ebusika, izihlangu zokuvikela umoya ohlangothini olunomthunzi, i-mulch phakathi kwemigqa, ukugqumisa izimpande kanye nokunisela kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikela azibuchazi ubuchwepheshe: ziqukethe uhlobo, indawo, ukunakekela, iqabunga elisha kanye nokubukeka kwetiye eliqediwe, kodwa azikho izinyathelo zokucubungula. Ngetiye elibomvu, ukulandelana okuvamile kanje:

1. Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi liba lithambile.
2. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amaseli eqabunga ayaphuka, ubisi luphuma phezulu.
3. Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation, lapho iqabunga liba bomvu.
4. Ukoma (干燥, gānzào): I-oxidation iyamiswa futhi iphunga liyaqiniswa.

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Taishan Hongcha. Izifundo zika-2025, ngokombiko wenhlangano, zagxila kulezi zigaba ezine, kodwa amapharamitha azo awakashicilelwa.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo inikezwe ngokwezidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 zebanga eliphezulu (特级); kubakaki kukhona amagama omthombo.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imisonto emincane eqinile enezihloko eziningi ezibukhali (细紧多锋苗), elinganayo, ehlanzekile, emnyama enokucwebezela okunamafutha (乌黑油润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokwelekelelwa: Lisha, lithambile, limnandi (鲜嫩甜香).
• Ukunambitheka: Ithambile futhi igcwele, imnandi futhi iyavuselela (醇厚甘爽).
• Umbala wokwelekelelwa: Obomvu, ogqamile (红明亮).
• I-tiye dregs (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Lincane, lithambile, linezihloko ezibonakalayo, libomvu ngokulinganayo futhi liyakhanya (细嫩显芽红匀亮).

Ibanga lokuqala nelesibili lichazwa ngamagama afanayo, kodwa athambile: ebangeni lokuqala kunezihloko ezimbalwa, iphunga “limnandi lithambile”, ukunambitheka “kuthambile, kugcwele futhi kuyavuselela”; ebangeni lesibili imisonto ineziqu ezithambile, iphunga limnandi nje, ukunambitheka “kuthambile futhi kuyavuselela kancane”.

Incazelo eyireferensi yegama yengeza ukuthi imisonto emincane eqinile ishintshanisa umbala wegolide nomnyama futhi imbozwe uboya obubonakalayo, ukwelekelelwa kubomvu-osawolintshi, kuyakhanya, kunomphetho wegolide obonakalayo futhi kuba nokufiphalaphi lapho kubanda, kanti itiye ligcina ikhwalithi ngaphezu kokuthelwa okuyisihlanu. Amasampula obuchwepheshe obusha buka-2025, ngokuhlolwa kochwepheshe benhlangano, aveze ukwelekelelwa okuwolintshi-bomvu nephunga elimnandi elinethoni yezimbali nezithelo.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka imingcele:

Inkomba	Isidingo
Umswakama	kungabi ngaphezu kwe-6.0 %
Imvuthuluka	kungabi ngaphezu kwe-1.0 %
Umlotha ophelele	kungabi ngaphezu kwe-6.5 %
Izinto ezikhiphekayo	kungabi ngaphansi kwe-40.0 %
I-fiber eluhlaza	kungabi ngaphezu kwe-16.0 %
I-caffeine	kungabi ngaphansi kwe-2.8 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	kungabi ngaphansi kwe-10 %

I-caffeine nama-polyphenol umbhalo uwabiza ngezinkomba eziyireferensi. Azikho izinhlaziyo zangempela zetiye eliqediwe emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba ngetiye elibomvu.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
• Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane ye-porcelain.
• Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, ukuthelwa kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa, khipha konke; bese kuba ukuthelwa okuthathu noma okune, ngakunye kube isikhathi eside kancane kunesandulele.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivaliwe ngokuqinile, endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, kude namaphunga; ifriji ayidingeki etiyeni elibomvu.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungazigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo; lunikezwa abakhiqizi abasendaweni yokuvikela.
  • Bheka uphawu lwe “泰山茶”: ngokombiko wenhlangano, ngo-2026 izinhlangano ezingama-24 zivunyelwe ukulusebenzisa.
  • Ungadidanisi ne-Taishan Hong Cha (台山红茶) yaseGuangdong: ngesiZulu amagama ayafana, kodwa ama-hanzi namathoni ahlukile — 台山 Táishān uma kuqhathaniswa ne-泰山 Tàishān.
  • Ungadidanisi ne-Taishan Lücha (泰山绿茶): leli igama elihlukile letiye eliluhlaza elinendawo eyisifunda sonke saseTai’an.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Itiye linamawele esiZulu — i-Taishan Hong Cha elibomvu laseTaishan eGuangdong (台山).
• Umzamo wokuqala owaziwayo wokutshala itiye eTai’an izincazelo eziyireferensi ziwubeka ngo-1952: embewini eyatshalwa kwasinda izihlahla ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela.
• Izidingo zokuvikela zikhathalela ubusika ngaphezu kokuvuna: izihlangu nemigqa yokuvikela umoya, i-mulch, ukugqumisa — kodwa azikho izikhathi zokuvuna kuzo.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

• I-Taishan Nü Er Cha (泰山女儿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni efanayo yaseTaishan.
• I-Taishan Lücha (泰山绿茶): “Iwele” eliluhlaza ngokuvikelwa: umfakisicelo ofanayo, kodwa indawo yisifunda sonke saseTai’an.
• I-Laoshan Hong Cha (崂山红茶): Elinye itiye elibomvu lasenyakatho laseShandong, lisuka entabeni i-Laoshan ngaphansi kweQingdao.
• I-Taishan Hong Cha (台山红茶): Itiye elibomvu laseGuangdong elinegama elifanayo ngesiZulu — ukuze lihlukaniswe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Taishan Hongcha itiye elibomvu lentaba yasenyakatho, lapho itiye lakhula kuphela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Umbhalo ngalo uqinile futhi awukhulumi kakhulu: izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, ukunakekela ubusika, imingcele yokwakheka nokubukeka ngezibanga ezintathu — imisonto emnyama emincane enezihloko, iphunga elimnandi, ukwelekelelwa okubomvu okugqamile. Ubuchwepheshe besifunda busacutshungulwa: izindlela ezintsha zika-2025 kanye nezinga lesifundazwe eliqale ngo-2026 kufanele zenze itiye lifane ngokwengeziwe.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №646

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo