Zhūchéng lǜchá

Zhucheng Lücha (Zhūchéng lǜchá, 诸城绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’tauni ya Zhucheng (诸城市) m’boma la Weifang, m’chigawo cha Shandong, mmodzi mwa tiyi wakumpoto kwa chigawo chimenecho; kufotokoza kwina kumagwirizanitsa kubwera kwake kuno ndi kayendedwe ka “南茶北引” (nánchá běiyǐn, kutanthauza “tiyi wakumwera kupita kumpoto”). Malo otetezedwa ndi matauni atatu okha kumwera kwa boma. Malamulo amafotokoza maonekedwe awiri, opindika ndi athyathyathya, ndipo onse awiri amati fungo lalikulu ndi fungo la mabokosi okoma la chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng). Dzinali latetezedwa kuyambira 2011, ndipo mu 2025 CNIPA idasintha malamulowo ndi chilengezo nambala 646.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Gulu limatchulidwa mu dzina ndipo limatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yopangira yomwe ili m’malamulo oteteza: kukhazikitsa kutentha, kupindika kapena kuwongola masamba, ndi kuyanika.
• Gulu lalikulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wakumpoto kwa Shandong wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (geographical indication).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shandong (山东, Shāndōng), boma la Weifang (潍坊, Wéifāng), tauni ya Zhucheng (诸城, Zhūchéng).
• Malo otetezedwa: Matauni atatu a m’boma m’malire omwe alipo tsopano: Taolin (桃林, Táolín), Huanghua (皇华, Huánghuá) ndi Linjiacun (林家村, Línjiācūn). Mu malamulo a 2025, Taolin amatchulidwa ngati mzinda (乡), koma m’dongosolo la ziwerengero ndi tawuni (镇); kufotokoza kwina komwe kumabwereza malamulo akale kumatsimikizira kuti mzinda wakale wa Shandongtou (山东头) waphatikizidwa mmenemo. Malamulo sapereka ma coordinates a malo.
• Ma coordinates a malo: Pakati pa Zhucheng ndi pafupifupi 36.0° N ndi 119.4° E; tawuni ya Taolin ndi pafupifupi 35.8° N ndi 119.5° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Mbiri yakale. Kufotokoza kwina kumayamba mbiri ya tiyi ku Zhucheng ndi nthawi ya mzera wa Yuan (元); sindinaone cholembedwa choyambirira.
  • 1956. Malinga ndi kufotokoza komweko, m’chaka chino kunayambika bwino kubzala tiyi wakumwera kuno, yomwe ndi “南茶北引” (nánchá běiyǐn). Buku lina la ku Shandong limati 1956 ndi chaka cha kubzala koyamba komwe kunazizira ndi kufa, choncho deti limakhalabe la bukhu la kufotokoza.
  • 2010. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwina, ku Taolin kunali minda yoposa 10,000 mu ndi midzi 70 ya tiyi, ndipo kupanga kunali matani 2,600 a tiyi wouma pachaka.
  • 2011. Bungwe lalikulu loyang’anira ubwino, kuyang’anira ndi kuyesa matenda (AQSIQ) ndi chilengezo nambala 14 cha 2011 linateteza “诸城绿茶” monga chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.
  • Chizindikiro chaulimi. Dzinali lalembedwanso m’kaundula wa Unduna wa Zaulimi (AGI01819); chaka ndi mwini wake sindinawone.
  • 2025. CNIPA ndi chilengezo nambala 646 inavomereza “诸城绿茶” monga chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Wopempha anali boma la tauni ya Zhucheng; malamulo atsopano adalowa m’malo mwa gawo la tiyi mu chilengezo cha 2011.
• Dzina: “Zhucheng” (诸城) ndi dzina la tauni; “lücha” (绿茶) ndi “tiyi wobiriwira”.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Buku lina limatcha tiyiyu “中国最北端茗茶” (Zhōngguó zuì běiduān míngchá), kutanthauza “tiyi wodziwika kwambiri kumpoto kwenikweni kwa China”. Izi sizigwirizana ndi latitude: Taolin ili pafupifupi 35.8° N, pamene minda ya Laoshan pafupi ndi Qingdao ili pa 36°03′–36°20′ N, ndipo Yantai ili kumpoto kwambiri. Choonadi ndi ichi: Zhucheng ndi mbali ya dera la tiyi wakumpoto kwa Shandong.

3. Kufotokoza za Zomera ndi Zinthu Zopangira

• Mitundu ya zomera: Malinga ndi malamulo oteteza, mitundu ndi “Dashanlü No. 1” (大山绿1号, Dàshānlǜ 1), “Dashanlü No. 2” (大山绿2号, Dàshānlǜ 2) ndi mitundu ina yoyenera kupangira tiyiyu. Palibe kufotokoza kwa mitunduyi m’mabuku omwe ndapeza.
• Nthawi yotola: Kukolola kwa masika kumayambira pakati pa March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June, ndipo kwa autumn kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa October.
• Mulingo wa kutola: Mitundu itatu ya zinthu zopangira:
  • Wapamwamba kwambiri (特级): mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi lotseguka; mphukira zokhala ndi tsamba lotseguka zosaposa 10%.
  • Woyamba (一级): makamaka kuchokera ku mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi mpaka mphukira yotseguka ndi masamba awiri; mphukira zokhala ndi masamba awiri zosaposa 15%.
  • Wachiwiri (二级): makamaka kuchokera ku mphukira ndi masamba awiri mpaka mphukira yotseguka ndi masamba atatu; mphukira zokhala ndi masamba atatu zosaposa 20%.
• Kubzala: Pakubzala mbeu, mumzere umodzi kapena iwiri, ndi mbewu 5–6 pa dzenje, pambuyo pa kumera kusiya zomera 3–4 zamphamvu. Mbewu zobzalidwa kale zimayenera kubzalidwa kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa March kapena mu October, pafupifupi zomera 60,000–70,000 pa mu (667 m²).

4. Dera ndi Mkhalidwe wa Kulima

• Dera: Kumwera kwa tauni ya Zhucheng.
• Minda: Malinga ndi malamulo, yotsekedwa ku mphepo ndipo yoyang’ana dzuwa.
• Dothi: Dothi lofiirira la nkhalango (棕壤, zōngrǎng) kapena lofanana nalo; pH 5.5–6.8, zinthu zachilengedwe zosachepera 1.0%, kuya kwa dothi losachepera 60 cm, madzi apansi pa nthaka ozama kuposa 100 cm.
• Nyengo ndi kutalika: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe ndapeza.

5. Njira Yopangira

Malamulo oteteza amapereka njira ziwiri ndi magawo onse, ndipo kumeneku ndi kufotokoza kwa tiyiyu enieni, osati njira yachibadwa ya gulu.

• Tiyi wopindika (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng): kuyala masamba atsopano (摊青, tānqīng) → kukhazikitsa kutentha (杀青, shāqīng) → kupindika (揉捻, róuniǎn) → kuyanika kwachiwiri (二青, èrqīng) → kuwongola ndi kuyanika (做形烘干, zuòxíng hōnggān) → kuwonetsa fungo (提香, tíxiāng) → kulongedza.
• Tiyi wathyathyathya (扁形, biǎn xíng): kuyala masamba atsopano → kukhazikitsa kutentha → kuwongola masamba (理条, lǐtiáo) → kuphwanya kuti akhale athyathyathya (压扁, yābiǎn) → kuyanika kotsiriza (辉干, huīgān) → kulongedza.
• Magawo: Masamba atsopano amayalidwa osapitirira 5 cm wandiweyani, mpaka atataya chinyezi cha 15–20%. Kukhazikitsa kutentha kumachitika pa 350–410 °C. Pakuwongola ndi kuphwanya, kutentha kumayendetsedwa kuchokera pa kutentha kwambiri kupita ku kutsika. Kuyanika kotsiriza kumachitika pafupifupi pa 120 °C, osapitirira theka la ola.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona

Malinga ndi malamulo oteteza; magulu amaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangira.

• Maonekedwe a masamba ouma: Tiyi wopindika ndi ulusi wocheperako wolimba wopindika, wofanana, wokhala ndi tsamba lokhuthala; mtundu kuchokera ku wobiriwira wa emerald (翠绿) mpaka wobiriwira wakuda pafupifupi wa inki (墨绿), opanda masamba achikasu ndi osweka. Tiyi wathyathyathya ndi wathyathyathya, wokhala ndi tsamba lokhuthala, kuchokera ku wosalala mpaka wofanana pang’ono; mtundu kuchokera ku wobiriwira wofewa mpaka wobiriwira wakuda, wofanana ndi woyera.
• Fungo la masamba ouma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera.
• Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Fungo la chestnut, lokhuthala ndi latsopano (栗香浓郁而清爽). Tiyi wopindika ali ndi fungo loyambira ku latsopano ndi lofewa mpaka loyera pang’ono, ndipo wathyathyathya kuyambira ku la chestnut mpaka ku latsopano loyera (清香).
• Kukoma: Kofewa, kozungulira (醇); izi zidalembedwa za tiyi wopindika; za tiyi wathyathyathya kukoma sikunafotokozedwe m’malamulo.
• Mtundu wa madzi: Tiyi wopindika kuchokera ku wobiriwira wofewa wowala mpaka wachikasu, wowala pang’ono, wopanda matope. Wathyathyathya kuchokera ku wachikasu-wobiriwira wowala mpaka wachikasu-wobiriwira, wowala pang’ono.
• Masamba pambuyo pa kumwetsa: Tiyi wopindika kuchokera ku owala mpaka owala pang’ono, opanda masamba amtundu wosiyana. Za wathyathyathya palibe kufotokoza.

7. Zomwe Zili M’masamba

Malamulo oteteza amapereka miyeso iwiri ya zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala:

Chizindikiro	Chofunika
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	zosachepera 38%
Fiber yosaphika	zosaposa 12%

Palibe deta za polyphenols, amino acids ndi caffeine za tiyiyu m’mabuku omwe ndapeza.

8. Kukonza Tiyi

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Zida: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsa chidebe, ikani tiyi, tsanulirani madzi kumbali ya chidebe.
  2. Madzi oyamba pambuyo pa masekondi 40–60.
  3. Mwani, kusiya madzi otsala pang’ono, ndi kuwonjezera madzi, kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lina. Fungo latsopano limatha pakapita nthawi, choncho tiyi ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta za mitengo m’mabuku omwe ndapeza.

• Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro cha malo: chilolezo chimavomerezedwa ndi CNIPA.
  • Onetsetsani kuti tiyi wapangidwa m’matauni atatu a malo otetezedwa: Taolin, Huanghua kapena Linjiacun.
  • Masamba osweka ndi achikasu sakugwirizana ndi malamulo; fungo liyenera kukhala la chestnut, madzi opanda matope.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

• Malo a Zhucheng Lücha ndi matauni atatu. Poyerekeza, malo a Yantai Cha (烟台茶) ali ndi magawo khumi ndi asanu a boma ndi matauni ndi mizinda 154, ndipo Taishan Hongcha (泰山红茶) ali ndi midzi 965.
• Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwina, tiyi wa dzina ili ali ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chodziwika cha China (中国驰名商标) ndi zizindikiro zitatu zodziwika za chigawo cha Shandong.
• Kutola kumachitika kawiri: nyengo ya masika malamulo amathetsa kumayambiriro kwa June, ndipo ya autumn amayamba kumayambiriro kwa September; samalola kutola kwa chilimwe.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Shandong

• Rizhao Lücha (日照绿茶): Mmodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira wodziwika kwambiri ku Shandong, wochokera ku boma loyandikana nalo la m’mphepete mwa nyanja; nayenso amakhala wopindika ndi wathyathyathya, ndi fungo la chestnut.
• Junan Lücha (莒南绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Junan m’chigawo cha Linyi; ali ndi maonekedwe atatu, opindika, athyathyathya ndi a singano, ndipo onse ali ndi fungo la chestnut.
• Yimeng Yu Ya (沂蒙玉芽): Tiyi wobiriwira wathyathyathya wa boma la Junan kumwera kwa Shandong, wotchulidwa ndi mapiri a Yimeng; nayenso ali ndi fungo la chestnut.
• Laoshan Lücha (崂山绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mphepete mwa nyanja wa phiri la Laoshan pafupi ndi Qingdao, kumpoto kwa Zhucheng.

Pomaliza:

Zhucheng Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa matauni atatu kumwera kwa Zhucheng. Chikalata chake ndi chachifupi koma cholondola: mitundu ya “Dashanlü”, dothi lofiirira, kutola kwa masika ndi autumn, kukhazikitsa kutentha pa 350–410 °C, maonekedwe opindika ndi athyathyathya, ndi fungo la chestnut. Mbiri yochokera ku zolembedwa zoyambirira ndi yochepa, ndipo kudzitcha “tiyi wodziwika kwambiri kumpoto kwenikweni kwa China” kuchokera m’buku la kufotokoza sikugwirizana ndi latitude.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №646

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero