Sōngxī hóngchá · thetea.app

Songxi Hongcha (Sōngxī hóngchá, 松溪红茶) itiye elibomvu lasesifundeni saseSongxi (松溪县) esifundeni saseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwendawo lwenombolo 10034709, indawo ngokwemininingwane eyireferensi yiyo yonke indawo yesifunda. Incazelo eyireferensi ichaza ukusonteka okuncane okuminyene nokunsundu okunoboya obusagolide, uketshezi olubomvu nokuphuzi “olunendandatho yegolide” emaphethelweni kanye nephunga elimnandi elinethinta elincane lezimbali. Igama lingena ohlwini lwesibili lwesivumelwano saseChina ne-European Union mayelana nezinkomba zendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elibiliswe ngokuphelele. Isigaba sivezwe egameni lophawu uqobo — «松溪红茶 SONGXI BLACK TEA». Ngokwephephandaba i-“Minbei Daily” (2012), i-“Jinmaohou” (金毛猴, jīnmáohóu) yendawo ingenye yezinhlobo zakuqala zetiye elibomvu le-gongfu (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá).
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseFujian elinophawu lwendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda saseNanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda saseSongxi (松溪县, Sōngxī xiàn).
Indawo: Ngokwesayithi lezinkomba zendawo, yonke indawo yesifunda, izigodi namadolobhana ayisishiyagalolunye, phakathi kwawo iSongyuan (松源镇), iWeitian (渭田镇) kanye neZhengdun (郑墩镇). Angizange ngikuqhathanise lo mngcele nombhalo wophawu.
Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo noma lweqembu lweChina National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) lwenombolo 10034709, impahla itiye. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza. Umnikazi wophawu akashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukudidiyela kwezindawo: Isifunda saseSongxi cishe singu-27.5° N no-118.8° E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- 1920s — i-“Jinmaohou”. Ngokwe-“Minbei Daily”, lapho uhwebo lwaseChina neRussia luqala kabusha futhi kuvuleka indlela yetiye esuka eChishi (赤石) iya eKhyakhta, iSongxi yalandela isibonelo setiye elimhlophe elidumile i-“Baimaohou” (白毛猴, “inkawu emhlophe”) yaqala ukukhetha i-gongfu hongcha enhle kakhulu enezihloko eziningi ezisagolide futhi yayikhipha ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Jinmaohou” — “inkawu yegolide”. Akukho usuku lwangaphambili lwetiye elibomvu eSongxi emithonjeni etholakele.
- 1934 no-1960–1975. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, ngo-1934 amatiye abiza kakhulu esifundeni kwakuyi-“Jinmaohou” ne-“Baimaohou”, kanti ngo-1960–1975 i-“Jinmaohou” yayiwuhlobo lwe-gongfu hongcha oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe oluphambili.
- 1980s — “isifunda sokuqala”. Ngokwephephandaba i-“Fujian Daily” (2023), isivuno nekhwalithi yetiye laseSongxi kwafinyelela phakathi kwezindawo eziphambili esifundazweni, futhi isifunda sabizwa ngokuthi «茶叶状元县» (cháyè zhuàngyuán xiàn) — “isifunda sokuqala setiye”. Lokhu kubhekisela etiyeni lesifunda jikelele, hhayi elibomvu.
- 1998. Ngokwe-“Minbei Daily”, i-“Jinmaohou” embukisweni wetiye eHangzhou yathola isiqu “sezinga lomhlaba eliphambili” (国际先进水平).
- 2010. Umklomelo wegolide eMbukisweni Womhlaba eShanghai. Isayithi lezinkomba zendawo lithi umklonyeliswa kwakuyi-«松溪红茶», i-“Minbei Daily” ithi yi-“Jinmaohou”.
- Uphawu. Usuku lokubhaliswa kophawu lwenombolo 10034709 alushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2020. Ngokombhalo wesivumelwano saseChina ne-European Union ngezinkomba zendawo, esisayinwe mhla ziyi-14 kuMandulo 2020, igama lisesithasiselweni V — phakathi kwamagama angama-175 aseChina okuvikelwa kwawo okuthenjisiwe ukuqala phakathi neminyaka emine ngemva kokusebenza kwesivumelwano. Ngokwesifinyezo serejista sango-2022 ukuvikelwa e-European Union kwakusalindelekile; isimo samanje angizange ngisithole. Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda, i-松溪绿茶, lisezingeni lokuqala — kusithasiselo III.
Igama: “Songxi” (松溪) yigama lesifunda: 松 — “uphayini”, 溪 — “umfudlana”. “Hongcha” (红茶) — “itiye elibomvu”. Engxenyeni yesiNgisi yophawu li-“black”, njengoba itiye elibomvu libizwa kanjalo eNtshonalanga.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sinezimpawu ezintathu zetiye lamazinga amathathu: elibomvu iSongxi Hongcha, eliluhlaza i-松溪绿茶 kanye nelimhlophe i-松溪九龙大白茶. Ngokushicilelwe kusizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifundazwe (2025), kusukela ngo-2013 uphawu olujwayelekile lwesifunda kwaba itiye elimhlophe lohlobo lwe-九龙大白茶.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Izinhlobo zetiye elibomvu azishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. I-“Minbei Daily” ithi i-“Jinmaohou” isuselwa ezihlahleni zasendulo zendawo (古代原生茶树品种), ngaphandle kokusho uhlobo. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwesifunda yi-九龙大白茶 (jiǔlóng dàbáichá), ngokushicilelwe kuka-2025 lungaphezu kuka-20,000 mu; ukuthi lunikezwa etiyeni elibomvu, imithombo ayisho.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Azikho izidingo ngeqabunga elisha emithonjeni etholakele. Incazelo eyireferensi yokubukeka ibalula izihloko ezibonakalayo zamahlumela (苗锋显) kanye nemiqumbe eqabungeni elithelwe.
Izinga nesikhathi sokukha: Idatha ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

4. Terroir nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian, isifunda saseSongxi sesifunda saseNanping.
Ubungako bezivande zesifunda: Ngokwe-“Fujian Daily”, ngo-2023 zingama-80,000 mu; ukukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza (毛茶, máochá) ngo-2022 kwakungu-12,500 t. Lena yidatha yetiye lawo wonke amazinga.
Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi: Idatha ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo onezidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye nemingcele awukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwe-“Minbei Daily”, i-“Jinmaohou” yayikhethwa ku-gongfu hongcha eseqediwe enezihloko eziningi ezisagolide; ngo-1997 izinga lebhizinisi laqaliswa kuyo, kodwa izidingo zalo iphephandaba alizishilo.

Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu le-gongfu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye:

Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo).
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): Uku-oxidation kwenza iqabunga libe bomvu okwethusi.
Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).
Ukuqeda (精制, jīngzhì): Ukuhlunga ngokuma nosayizi.

6. Izici zokuzwakala

Ngezansi incazelo yesayithi lezinkomba zendawo. Ayizange iqhathaniswe nombhalo wophawu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka kuminyene futhi kuncane, kugobile kancane, izihloko ziyabonakala; umbala umnyama onokucwebezela, kunoboya obuningi obusagolide, izihloko ziphuzi ngokwegolide (条索紧细略带弯曲，苗锋显，色泽乌润多显金色茸毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga loketshezi: Lide, limnandi “iphunga leqabunga elincane”, licebile, linethinta elincane le-紫罗兰 (香气悠长……嫩甜香，浓郁芳香、隐约间带紫罗兰香气). Kwisayensi yezitshalo i-紫罗兰 yi-stock, kodwa emibhalweni yetiye leli gama livame ukuhunyushwa njenge-violet.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha futhi kuthambile, kumnandi, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味鲜醇、甜和回甘).
Umbala woketshezi: Obomvu, ogqamile, nokuphuzi, ne-“ndandatho yegolide” ebonakalayo emaphethelweni (汤色红艳透黄、明亮显金圈).
Iqabunga elithelwe: Lithambile, linemiqumbe ebonakalayo, linombala wethusi elibomvu (叶底柔软见芽，呈紫铜色).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Idatha ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuthethisa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain — kuyo kubonakala umbala woketshezi “nendandatho yegolide”.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Ukuthethisa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20, khipha konke.
4. Okulandelayo ngakunye — kancane kancane isikhathi eside; ukuthela okuyisithupha kuya kwezine.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Esitsheni esivaleka kahle, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, endaweni eyomile emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Iphunga elimnandi liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo mbumbulu

Idatha ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Isayithi lezinkomba zendawo, ngaphandle kokusho unyaka, libhala ngamabhizinisi acishe abe yi-180 esifunda enza itiye elibomvu, ukukhiqizwa okungaphezu kuka-3000 t ngonyaka kanye nokuthengisa cishe kuka-150 wezigidi ze-yuan.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
- Funa uphawu lwendawo lwenombolo 10034709 kanye nomkhiqizi waseSongxi County.
- Ungadidanisi netiye elimhlophe neliluhlaza lesifunda: zinezimpawu zazo.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka nencazelo ekusigabeni 6.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Isifunda esisodwa sinamatiye amathathu avikelwe amazinga amathathu.
Igama “inkawu yegolide”, ngokwe-“Minbei Daily”, lisuselwa etiyeni elimhlophe i-“Baimaohou”, “inkawu emhlophe”. Leli gama labelwa amatiye amaningana: kukhophasi yethu igama elifanayo linikezwe itiye elibomvu laseHunan, kanti i-“golden monkey” yaseFujian indatshana yekhophasi iyixhuma neZhenghe Gongfu.
Ngo-2012 uphawu «金毛猴» luzanywe ukubhaliswa ngumuntu oyimfihlo; isifunda, ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, saphikisana nesicelo futhi safaka esaso — sophawu lweqembu lwe-«金毛猴红茶». Ukuthi ingxabano yaphela kanjani, emithonjeni etholakele akukho.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu

Zhenghe Gongfu (政和工夫): I-gongfu hongcha yesifunda saseZhenghe sesifunda esifanayo saseNanping, okungenye yezingu-3 ezinkulu ze-gongfu zaseFujian; iphunga layo nalo lichazwa njengelika-violet.
Tanyang Gongfu (坦洋工夫): I-gongfu hongcha yaseFu’an, enye yezingu-3 ezinkulu.
Zhengshan Xiaozhong (正山小种): Itiye elibomvu laseTongmu eWuyishan, esifundeni esifanayo saseNanping.
Jin Mao Hou Hongcha (金毛猴红茶): Itiye elibomvu laseHunan laseZhangjiajie; neSongxi “Jinmaohou” lihlotshaniswa kuphela ngegama.
Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha (松溪九龙大白茶): Itiye elimhlophe lesifunda esifanayo elinophawu lwalo.

Ekuphetheni:

ISongxi Hongcha itiye elibomvu lasenyakatho yeFujian elinophawu lwenombolo 10034709 endaweni yonke yesifunda kanye nendawo ohlwini lwesibili lwesivumelwano saseChina ne-European Union. Ubuso bayo obungokomlando yi-“Jinmaohou”, i-gongfu hongcha enezihloko ezisagolide, iphephandaba lendawo elilisukela eminyakeni yawo-1920. Incazelo eyireferensi — ukusonteka okuncane okunoboya obusagolide, uketshezi olubomvu olu-“nendandatho yegolide”, iphunga elimnandi elinethinta lezimbali. Izinhlobo, ubuchwepheshe kanye namakhemikhali etiye imithombo ayikudaluli.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

中欧协定附录V (中国注册)

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo