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Ikhaya · Itiye eliluhlaza · I-Songxi Lücha

Sōngxī lǜchá

Sōngxī lǜchá · 松溪绿茶

I-Songxi Lücha (Sōngxī lǜchá, 松溪绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseSongxi (松溪县) esifundeni sikaMasipala waseNanping enyakatho yesifundazwe saseFujian, eningizimu yeentaba zeWuyishan nasemthonjeni womfula iMinjiang. Ngokwesizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo, amabhrendi etiye alesi sifunda aqala ngetiye eliluhlaza: uphawu lokuqinisekisa lwe-«松溪绿茶» lwabhaliswa ngomhla ka-28 Meyi 2009, amabhrendi abomvu namhlophe afika kamuva, kwathi ngo-2020 igama langena ohlwini lokuqala lwesivumelwano seChina ne-European Union ngezimpawu zendawo. Ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa uphawu luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezine zeqabunga — i-bud shape, i-flat shape, i-curved shape, ne-strip shape.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

  • Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ikilasi liboniswe egameni lophawu ngokwalo — «松溪绿茶;SONG XI GREEN TEA» — kanye nakwimfihlo enikezwe i-European Union.
  • Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza laseFujian elinophawu lwendawo.
  • Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala waseNanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda saseSongxi (松溪县, Sōngxī xiàn).
  • Indawo: Imfihlo ye-European Union ibala izigodi namadolobhana ayisishiyagalolunye esifunda: Songyuan (松源镇), Weitian (渭田镇), Zhengdun (郑墩镇), Hedong (河东乡), Jiuxian (旧县乡), Xidong (溪东乡), Huaqiao, Zudun (祖墩乡) kanye neChaping (茶平乡).
  • Uhlelo lokuvikela: Uphawu lokuqinisekisa lwendawo lwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 6534378, umkhiqizo — itiye. Umnikazi ngokohlu lwesifundazwe lwamhla zingama-30 Juni 2026 — i-Songxi County Tea Industry Development Centre (松溪县茶业发展中心), ukubhaliswa kusasebenza; kwa-Ministry of Commerce ummangali uboniswa njenge-Songxi County Tea Management General Station, isiteshi esiyinhloko sokuphatha itiye lesifunda. E-European Union igama livikelwa njenge-protected geographical indication (PGI), inombolo yedosi PGI-CN-2691.
  • Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ngokwemfihlo — phakathi kuka-27°24’ no-27°51’ ukuya enyakatho kanye naphakathi kuka-118°33’ no-118°55’ ukuya empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

  • Umlando:
    • Indlela endala yetiye. I-«Fujian Ribao» (2022) ithi endulo i-Songxi yayiwumzila omkhulu wamanzi we-«北茶入闽» — itiye elisuka enyakatho liya eFujian; iphephandaba alinikezi izinsuku.
    • Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Ngokwesikhungo sokuthuthukisa itiye sesifunda («Chaye Zhoukan», 2023), umkhiqizo oyinhloko we-Songxi wawushintshana phakathi kwetiye eliluhlaza, itiye le-jasmine, netiye elibomvu.
    • Ama-1980. Isivuno nekhwalithi yetiye lase-Songxi kwafinyelela phakathi kwezihamba phambili esifundazweni, futhi isifunda sabizwa nge-«茶叶状元县» (cháyè zhuàngyuán xiàn), «isifunda sokuqala ngetiye». Ngokwe-«Fujian Ribao» (2022), ngaleso sikhathi kwavela isisho esithi «eningizimu kukhona i-Anxi, enyakatho kukhona i-Songxi» (南有安溪、北有松溪). Kubhekiswa etiyeni lesifunda jikelele.
    • 2009. Ngomhla ka-28 Meyi kwabhaliswa uphawu lokuqinisekisa lwe-«松溪绿茶», No. 6534378. Isizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo (2020) sithi lolu phawu lokuqala eFujian lwesizwe salolu hlobo etiyeni eliluhlaza.
    • 2018–2019. Ngokwesizindalwazi esifanayo, inani lebhrendi lalingu-2.262 billion RMB ngo-2018 kwathi ngo-2019 laba ngu-2.537 billion RMB. Isizindalwazi sibuye sikhulume ngesiqu se-«China Famous Trademark»; sona isinqumo angizange ngisibone.
    • 2020. Ngokwesizindalwazi (Agasti), i-«松溪绿茶» yangena ohlwini lokuqala lwesivumelwano se-China–EU kanye namanye amatiye angama-27 aseChina; kwa-Ministry of Commerce ingeleishumi nanye esigabeni setiye se-Annex III. Isizindalwazi esifanayo sithi ukuhlolwa kwaphumelela nakumazinga eqembu e-«地理标志证明商标 松溪绿茶»; isizindalwazi asisho unyaka.
  • Igama: «Songxi» (松溪) yigama lesifunda: 松 — «uphayini», 溪 — «umfudlana». «Lücha» (绿茶) — «itiye eliluhlaza».
  • Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sinezimpawu ezintathu zetiye zamakilasi amathathu; ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, oluhlaza lwabhaliswa ngo-2009, olubomvu ngo-2013, olumhlophe ngo-2022. Isizindalwazi (2020) sithi amabhrendi abomvu namhlophe isifunda siwakhulise «ngokwesisekelo» sempumelelo yohlaza.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

  • I-Cultivar: Imithombo ayisho izinhlobo zetiye eliluhlaza. I-cultivar eyinhloko yendawo yesifunda — i-九龙大白茶 (jiǔlóng dàbáichá); i-«Fujian Ribao» (2022) ithi phambilini kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu. Ukuthi namuhla isetshenziswa etiyeni elingaphansi kophawu, akushiwongo.
  • Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokwesizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo, iqabunga elisha lihlala litheke isikhathi eside (持嫩性好) futhi licebile ezintweni zangaphakathi (内含物丰富). I-bud shape, ngokwemfihlo, — amabhudi awodwa.
  • Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna: Azikho izidingo eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

  • Isifunda: Imithombo yomfula iMinjiang eningizimu yeentaba zeWuyishan. Imfihlo ikhuluma ngendawo ephakeme, kodwa ayizisho izindawo eziphakeme.
  • Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Isamba sonyaka samazinga okushisa — 6250 °C, isamba samazinga okushisa asebenzayo ngaphezu kuka-10 °C — 5542 °C, imvula yonyaka ephakathi — 1753 mm, umswakama ophakathi — cishe 80 %. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi imfihlo ilinikeza njengenyanga ephakathi — 18 °C.
  • Inhlabathi: Kakhulu inhlabathi ebomvu ene-pH 4.5–5.5 kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo 1–3 %. Ungqimba lwenhlabathi lujulile, ngokwesilinganiso lungaphezu kwemitha.
  • Ihlathi nokukhanya: Ukuminyana kwehlathi — 75.7 %; izintaba, amafu nenkungu kunikeza ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, okwenza, ngokwemfihlo, ukuthi iqabunga lihlale litheke isikhathi eside.
  • Isilinganiso: Ngokwe-«Chaye Zhoukan» (2023), izingadi zetiye zesifunda zithatha izi-82,000 mu, isifunda esikhulu setiye — idolobhana laseChaping; isabelo setiye eliluhlaza asishiwongo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe be-«松溪绿茶» abuchazwanga yimfihlo noma eminye imithombo etholakele. Izinhlobo ezine zeqabunga zisho izindlela ezahlukene zokunikeza isimo, kodwa ukuthi yiziphi, akushiwongo.

Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye uqobo:

  1. Ukuphumula kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga liyendlalwa ngongqimba oluncane ukuze likhulule ingxenye yomswakama.
  2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa uketshezi futhi kugcina umbala oluhlaza.
  3. Ukunikeza isimo: Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn) kwezimo ezisontekile; kwe-flat ne-bud — ezinye izindlela.
  4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izici ezijwayelekile zinikezwe ngokwemfihlo ye-European Union nangesizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo.

  • Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esihle, siluhlaza futhi sikhazimula (外形秀美，色泽绿润). Izinhlobo ezine zichazwe ngezansi.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Iphunga lokumnika: Liphakeme, lihelezayo futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气高爽持久).
  • Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuminyene (滋味浓厚); itiye limelana nokugcwaliswa kaningi (耐冲泡).
  • Umbala wokumnika: Uphuzi-luhlaza, ukhanya (汤色黄绿明亮).
  • Amabheji etiye (iqabunga elikahleni): Linamaqatha futhi litheke (叶底肥嫩); ngokwemfihlo, iqabunga livuleka kahle ngemva kokuphuzwa.

Izinhlobo ezine ngokwemfihlo (umbhalo wesiNgisi, ukuhumusha kwami):

  • I-bud shape: Amabhudi awodwa agcina isimo sawo semvelo, agcwele futhi aqondile, asiliva-mhlophe nohlaza. Iphunga lisha futhi linephunga elimnandi, ukumnika kubusika-luhlaza, ukunambitheka kusha futhi kumnandi, amabheji agcwele, aluhlaza futhi akhanya.
  • I-flat (扁形): Iqabunga eliyisicaba eliqondile elibushelelezi nelilinganayo, lisiliva-mpunga nohlaza oluvelayo. Ukunambitheka kugcwele, ukumnika kukhanya, amabheji alinganayo, aluhlaza futhi akhanya.
  • I-curved (曲形): Iqabunga elisontekile, lisiliva-mhlophe nohlaza oluvelayo. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside, ukumnika kuphuzi-luhlaza futhi kukhanya, ukunambitheka kusha, amabhudi emabheji avuleka «njengembali», aluhlaza okotshani.
  • I-strip (条形): Ukusonteka okuqinile nokuqondile, kuluhlaza. Iphunga le-chestnut, ukumnika kuhlanzekile, ukunambitheka kusha, amabheji aluhlaza futhi akhanya, amabhudi alinganayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Azikho izilinganiso ze-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Isizindalwazi sezimpawu zendawo sithi ngaphandle kwezinombolo ukuthi eqabungeni elisha kukhona ama-polyphenol amaningi, ama-amino acid, nezinto ezinuka kamnandi, futhi isilinganiso se-polyphenol nama-amino acid siphansi (酚氨比低).

8. Ukuphuza

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.

  • Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
  • Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
  • Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
  • Inqubo:
    1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
    3. Ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
    4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokumnika.
    5. Thela amanzi futhi.
    6. Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ekupakisheni okuvaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

  • Ukuze ugweme imikhohlisi:
    • Bheka uphawu lokuqinisekisa lwe-«松溪绿茶» No. 6534378; e-European Union — uphawu lwendawo evikelwe.
    • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseSongxi; ukulawulwa, ngokwemfihlo, kwenziwa yisikhungo sokuhlola ikhwalithi yetiye sesifunda.
    • Qhathanisa ukubukeka nesimo esishiwo; incazelo evamile yophawu ithi ukumnika kuphuzi-luhlaza futhi kukhanya, kwi-bud shape kungubusika-luhlaza.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

  • Uphawu olulodwa luvikela izinhlobo ezine ezahlukene zeqabunga, futhi imfihlo ichaza ngayinye ngokwehlukana.
  • Ku-strip shape imfihlo iphawula iphunga le-chestnut — into engekho kwezinye ezintathu.
  • I-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) ibhala ngenkampani eyasungulwa esifundeni ngo-2013 futhi ikakhulu ithumela ngaphandle itiye eliluhlaza: ilithengisa emazweni angaphezu kwama-20 ase-Afrika, phakathi kwabo iMali ne-Algeria. Ukuthi leli tiye lihamba ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«松溪绿茶», iphephandaba alisho.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseSongxi naseFujian

  • I-Songxi Hongcha (松溪红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo ngaphansi kophawu oluhlukile.
  • I-Songxi Jiulong Dabaicha (松溪九龙大白茶): Itiye elimhlophe lesifunda elivela ku-cultivar yendawo i-九龙大白茶.
  • I-Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga yeFujian, nalo lisezinhlotsheni eziningana ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa.
  • I-Youxi Lücha (尤溪绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza laseFujian lesifunda saseSanming.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Songxi Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lemithombo yomfula iMinjiang, elivela enhlabathini ebomvu, enkungwini nasezintabeni, ezingxenyeni ezintathu kwezine ezimbozwe ihlathi. Amabhrendi etiye esifunda aqala ngalo, futhi lalingelinye lamatiye okuqala aseChina ukuthola ukuvikelwa e-European Union. Ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa kuhlala izinhlobo ezine — kusukela emabhudini asiliva kuya ekusontekeni okuqinile okunephunga le-chestnut, — kanti incazelo evamile yophawu inikeza ukumnika okuphuzi-luhlaza okukhanyayo nokunambitheka okugcwele.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo