Nánjiàn Wúliàngshān hóngchá

Nánjiàn Wúliàngshān hóngchá (Nánjiàn Wúliàngshān hóngchá, 南涧无量山红茶) — itiye elibomvu laseNánjiàn-Yí Autonomous County (南涧彝族自治县) eDàlǐ-Bái Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni saseYúnnán. Igama lihlanganisa isifunda nezintaba zaseWúliàngshān (无量山), lapho kukhona izingadi zalo, futhi livikelwe uphawu lwendawo № 26450753. Incazelo yophawu ichaza itiye kanje: ukusonteka okugqinsile okusagolide, uketshezi olubomvu olukhanyayo olunomkhawulo wegolide ogqamile, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokuphelele, lapho ukubaba kuphenduka ubumnandi obusele ngemva kokugwinya, iphunga lezithelo kanye nokuqina ekuphindaphindeni amanzi amaningi. Isifunda sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye zendawo: okwesibili — itiye eliluhlaza iNánjiàn Lǜchá.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidation ephelele. Isigaba siqanjwe egameni lophawu ngokwalo, futhi incazelo yokubukeka — ukusonteka okusagolide, uketshezi olubomvu — iyahambisana naso. Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe angikawuboni.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseYúnnán; uphawu lwesifunda lokuhlola noma lweqoqo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseYúnnán (云南, Yúnnán), iDàlǐ-Bái Autonomous Prefecture (大理, Dàlǐ), iNánjiàn-Yí Autonomous County (南涧, Nánjiàn), izintaba zaseWúliàngshān.
Indawo yophawu: Ngokwencazelo yenkundla ye-GI — indawo yokuphatha yesifunda iNánjiàn njengamanje (南涧县现辖行政区域内). Uhlu lwesifundazwe nalo lubonisa isifunda njengendawo yomnikazi.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Isikhungo sesifunda — cishe u-25.0° enyakatho kanye no-100.5° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Izimpande zaseTáng. Ngokwe-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019), umlando obhaliwe wokutshalwa kwetiye ezintabeni zaseWúliàngshān ubuyela emuva enkathini yaseTáng: umbhalo weTáng othi «Mánshū» (蛮书) uchaza ukuthi embusweni waseNánzhāo (南诏) kwakutshalwa futhi kuphuzwa itiye.
- Izintaba zaseWúliàngshān. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, umbuso waseNánzhāo wanikeza izintaba zaseWúliàngshān isicoco se-«South Peak» (南岳).
- Umzila wokuhweba. Ngokwencwadi ka-2022, itiye laseNánjiàn lalihamba ngomzila omdala we-Chá-Mǎ Road liya eTibet nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
- Uphawu. Uphawu № 26450753 lufakwe ohlwini lwezimpawu zendawo lwesifundazwe saseYúnnán mhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2019. Unyaka wokubhalisa kanye nomnikazi akukho emithonjeni etholakele. I-«Yúnnán rìbào» ngawo lowo nyaka ka-2019 yabhala ukuthi isifunda sinemikhiqizo emibili enezimpawu zendawo.
Igama: 南涧 (Nánjiàn) — igama lesifunda; 无量山 (Wúliàngshān) — izintaba zaseWúliàngshān, 无量 kusho «okungenamkhawulo»; 红茶 (hóngchá) — itiye elibomvu.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Itiye lingomunye wemikhakha emikhulu yesifunda. Ngokwe-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019), itiye litshalwa imindeni yabalimi engu-26 000, esifundeni kunezinkampani zetiye ezingama-56 kanye nama-cooperative angama-35, kanti inani lonyaka lomkhiqizo wemboni lifinyelele ezigidini eziyinkulungwane zama-yuan. I-«Yúnnán wǎng» (2021) ibika lezi zindlu ezingama-26 000 — lokho kungabantu abangu-110 000 — kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elingaphezu kwama-yuan angu-5 800 ngemu eyodwa yengadi (亩产值).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

I-cultivar / Uhlobo: Emithonjeni etholakele uhlobo aluqanjwanga.
Izihlahla ezindala: Ngokwe-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019), esifundeni kunezihlahla zetiye ezindala ezingaphezu kuka-30 000, imininingwane iqoqwe kweziyi-11 700 zazo. I-«Yúnnán wǎng» (2021) ibika izihlahla eziyiminyaka eyikhulu ezingama-37 000 kanye nesizindalwazi seziyi-11.7 nkulungwane; ezintabeni zaseWúliàngshān, ngokwalolo hlobo, kunezihlahla ezindala eziningi zakudala nezitshaliwe. Izinombolo ziyahluka, futhi ukuthi ingxenye engakanani yezinto ezingavuthiwe zetiye elibomvu inikelwa izihlahla ezindala, imithombo ayikusho.
Izinga lokuvuna: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Isifunda siphakathi kwezifunda zaseDàlǐ, eLíncāng nasePǔ’ěr, ezintabeni zaseWúliàngshān; isifunda sinqamula isigodi soMfula iLáncāngjiāng (澜沧江). Indawo yesifunda — cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1.7 nkulungwane.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwe-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019), izingadi eziphakeme zesifunda ziku-1 800–2 500 m. Incazelo yetiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo ibika u-1 700–2 500 m. Imininingwane ehlukile yetiye elibomvu ayikho.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical enomswakama enobusika obomile. Esikhungweni sesifunda ekuphakameni kwe-1 377 m izinga lokushisa eliphakathi — lisuka ku-12.3 °C ngoJanuwari liye ku-24.8 °C ngoJuni, imvula icishe ibe ngu-740 mm ngonyaka. Izingadi ziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho lezi zinombolo ziyinkomba nje.
Umhlabathi: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Izingadi: I-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019) ibika izinkulungwane eziyi-110 zama-mu ezingadi eziphakeme (i-1 mu — cishe amamitha-skwele angama-667), kuzo izinkulungwane ezingama-31 zama-mu ziqinisekiswe njenge-«green» noma i-organic. I-«Yúnnán wǎng» (2021) — izinkulungwane eziyi-120 zama-mu ezingadi eziphakeme, izinkulungwane eziyi-100 zama-mu ezintaba zetiye ezindala kanye cishe nezinkulungwane ezingama-72 zama-mu ezingadi ze-«green» ne-organic; ukukhiqizwa kuka-2020 — cishe amathani ayi-7.5 nkulungwane etiye lazo zonke izinhlobo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe baleli tiye ngqo kanye nemingcele yabo emithonjeni etholakele abukho. Ngetiye elibomvu ukulandelana okujwayelekile kunje:

Ukwenza ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amaseli eqabunga ayachotshozwa, ubisi luphumela ngaphandle.
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation, okwenza iqabunga noketshezi kubebomvu.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kuqinise iphunga.

Lena yindlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beNánjiàn Wúliàngshān hóngchá.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokubukeka

Incazelo engezansi — ivela encazelweni yophawu enkundleni ye-GI.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okugqinsile kombala wegolide (条索紧结金黄).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Iphunga loketshezi: Lezithelo (闻有果香); incazelo ayicacisi ukuthi kukhulunywa ngeqabunga elomile noma ngoketshezi.
Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile nokugcwele, okucebile nokuphelele; ukubaba kuphenduka ubumnandi obusele ngemva kokugwinya (滋味醇厚，丰富饱满，苦有回甘). Itiye limelana nokuphindwa kwamanzi amaningi (经久耐泡).
Umbala woketshezi: Obomvu nokhanyayo, onomkhawulo wegolide ogqamile (汤色红亮，金圈突出).
Amacembe asetshenzisiwe: Izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele azikho.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical yetiye elibomvu lophawu emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. I-«Yúnnán rìbào» (2019) ibhala ngetiye lezintaba zaseWúliàngshān lilonke: i-extract yamanzi ivamise ukuba ngaphezu kuka-40 %, ama-polyphenol avamise ukuba ngaphezu kuka-30 %, ama-amino acid — ngaphezu kuka-3 %. Indlela, isampula nokuthi kukhulunywa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe noma ngetiye eliqediwe, iphephandaba alikusho, ngakho lezi zinombolo azihlobene ngqo netiye elibomvu lophawu.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain noma i-teapot — kokumhlophe umkhawulo wegolide woketshezi ubonakala kahle.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Mboza kafushane iqabunga ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachitha.
4. Uketshezi lokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30 ku-gaiwan.
5. Thela konke.
6. Ukuphindaphinda amanzi ngokwengeza imizuzwana engu-10–15.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Isiqandisi asidingeki.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funana uphawu lwendawo «南涧无量山红茶» (№ 26450753).
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseNánjiàn.
- Ukusonteka — kugqinsile futhi kusagolide, uketshezi — lubomvu futhi lukhanyayo, lunomkhawulo wegolide.
- Izintaba zaseWúliàngshān zidlulela ngale kwesifunda: igama lezintaba ngaphandle kwegama lesifunda alisho lutho ngendawo yophawu.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Isifunda sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye — elibomvu neliluhlaza, — kanti i-«Yúnnán wǎng» (2021) ibhala ukuthi lapha kwenziwa izigaba ezinhlanu zetiye: eliluhlaza, i-pu’er, i-oolong, elibomvu nelimhlophe.
Umkhawulo wegolide (金圈) — indandatho emaphethelweni oketshezi enkomishini — incazelo yophawu iwubiza ngokuthi ogqamile (金圈突出).
Ngokwencwadi ka-2022, uchungechunge lwe-pu’er lweyodwa yezimboni zaseNánjiàn ngo-2008 lwaba itiye lesikhumbuzo leqoqo lama-Olympics aseBeijing.
Ngokwencwadi ka-2022, ngaphansi kwephrojekthi ye-«Wúliàngshān Cáng Chá Gǔ» (uhlamvu 藏 lapha lusho kokubili «ukugcina» noku «fihla») eduze kwedolobhana laseGōngláng (公郎) kwenziwe umgwaqo oyindilinga wokubuka ongamakhilomitha angama-38 odlula ezinkampanini zetiye.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye abomvu aseYúnnán

Nánjiàn Lǜchá (南涧绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo, uphawu lwesibili lwendawo lwaseNánjiàn.
Yúnnán Wúliàng Hóngchá (云南无量红茶): Itiye elibomvu lezintaba zaseWúliàngshān; ku-corpus lichazwa ngesifunda esingumakhelwane iJǐngdōng futhi alihlobene nophawu lwaseNánjiàn.
Diān Hóng Gōngfū (滇红工夫): Itiye elibomvu lakudala laseYúnnán, okuvamise ukuqhathaniswa nalo wonke amatiye abomvu esifundazwe.
Chāngníng Hóngchá (昌宁红茶): Itiye elibomvu elinophawu lwendawo lwesifunda saseChāngníng emkhandlwini wedolobha iBǎoshān, nakho okuvela emgodini woMfula iLáncāngjiāng.

Ekuphetheni:

Nánjiàn Wúliàngshān hóngchá — itiye elibomvu lesifunda esinezintaba emngceleni weDàlǐ, eLíncāng nasePǔ’ěr, lapho izingadi zikhuphukela ku-2 500 m. Imibhalo ngalo imifushane: inombolo yophawu, indawo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesifunda kanye nencazelo emfushane yokubukeka — ukusonteka okusagolide, uketshezi olubomvu olunomkhawulo wegolide, iphunga lezithelo kanye nokubaba okuphenduka ubumnandi. Uhlobo, izikhathi zokuvuna kanye nobuchwepheshe imithombo etholakele ayikubizi, ngakho imininingwane engeziwe kufanele ifunwe kumkhiqizi wasesifundeni ngokwaso.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №26450753

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo