Suíníng qīngqiánliǔ chá

Suining Qingqianliu Cha (Suíníng qīngqiánliǔ chá, 绥宁青钱柳茶) ndi “tii” wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba aang’ono a mtengo wa cyclocarya, mtengo wa 青钱柳 (Cyclocarya paliurus) wa m’banja la mtedza, wochokera m’boma la Suining (绥宁县) m’chigawo cha Shaoyang kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Chomera cha tiyi Camellia sinensis mulibe mmenemo: liwu lakuti “cha” pano limatanthauza njira yophikira, osati ubale wa botanical. Masamba amakonzedwa motsatira ndondomeko yofanana ndi ya tiyi, kuphatikiza kukhazikika, kupotoza, ndi kuyanika, ndipo mankhwala omalizidwa, malinga ndi zofunikira zake, ndi ofiirira, ndi madzi a mkaka wagolide ndi kukoma kotsekemera. Kuyambira 2016, ichi ndi mankhwala odziwika ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication.

1. Kugawa ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Si tiyi m’lingaliro la botanical ndipo si m’gulu lirilonse la magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi waku China. Zofunikira za mankhwala otetezedwa zimatchula kuti chopangira nkhani ndi 青钱柳 (Cyclocarya paliurus) yokha.
• Gulu: Infusion yochokera ku chomera chosakhala cha tiyi; mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication (2016).
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), chigawo cha Shaoyang (邵阳, Shàoyáng), boma la Suining (绥宁, Suíníng).
• Malo otetezedwa: Zofunikira za mankhwala m’matchulidwe a zofalitsa zolembedwa zimatchula maboma ndi midzi 25 ya boma, kuphatikiza dera la Huangsangping-Miao (黄桑坪苗族乡), Zhaishi-Miao-Dong (寨市苗族侗族乡), Le’anpu-Miao-Dong (乐安铺苗族侗族乡) ndi tauni ya Hongyan (红岩镇). Lamulo la boma la 2017, potengera chilengezo chomwechi cha 2016, limatchula dera la maboma ndi midzi 17 m’malire a masiku ano a boma. Chifukwa chosiyana pakuwerengera sichinatchulidwe m’magwero omwe apezeka.
• Mayina ena: Mtengowo m’miyambo ya anthu umatchedwa “mtengo wa ndalama” (摇钱树, yáoqiánshù).

2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika kwa Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Nthano. Zofalitsa za komweko zikugwira mawu kuchokera ku “Suining minzu zhi” (绥宁民族志) zimalemba kuti Amiao a boma akhala akutenthetsa masamba aang’ono a cyclocarya kwa zaka zoposa mazana asanu, ndipo mtsogoleri wa zipolowe za Amiao za m’zaka za M’badwo wa Ming, Li Tianbao (李天保; mawu amapezekanso 李天宝) akuti adalengeza kuti “mtengo wa ndalama” ndi “mtengo wopatulika woteteza dziko.” Nthano ina imasimba momwe m’zaka za m’ma 1930 anthu am’deralo adadyetsa chakumwa chimenechi asilikali a Red Army odutsa. Izi ndi nkhani za m’deralo, osati zolembedwa zotsimikiziridwa.
  • 2014–2015. Malinga ndi “Red Net,” kuyambira 2014 Suining ndi m’boma woyandikana naye wa Chengbu-Miao Autonomous County (城步) mosadalira adakonza mapempho a geographical indication a “青钱柳茶.” Pa 1 July 2015, mu ofesi ya kasamalidwe ka zaukadaulo ya mzinda wa Shaoyang adalengeza kuti onse awiri adutsa kuyang’anira koyamba ku ofesi ya chigawo. Mkulu wa dipatimenti ku ofesi ya mzinda adalongosola kuti chifukwa cha nyengo yosiyana, mankhwala a maboma awiriwa ali ndi zomangika ndi kukoma kosiyana.
  • 2016. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (质检总局) ndi chilengezo No. 63 cha 2016 idateteza “绥宁青钱柳茶” monga mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication; zofalitsa zolembedwa zimalemba kuti chigamulochi chinali cha 4 July 2016.
  • 2017. Boma la boma lidavomereza lamulo la chitetezo cha mankhwala ndi dongosolo la kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chizindikiro chapadera (chikalata cha 17 January 2017).
  • 2023. Ofesi ya kasamalidwe ka msika ya Hunan idatulutsa mulingo wa komweko DB43/T 2873-2023 “地理标志产品 绥宁青钱柳茶”: lidasindikizidwa pa 20 December 2023, likugwira ntchito kuyambira 20 March 2024.
• Dzina: “Suining” (绥宁) ndi dzina la boma; “qingqianliu” (青钱柳) ndi kutanthauzira kwachidule “msondodzi wobiriwira wa ndalama,” dzina lachi China la cyclocarya; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi m’lingaliro lalikulu.
• Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi zofalitsa zolembedwa za 2016–2017, m’boma momwemo munali maekala (mu) opitilira 20,000 a minda ya cyclocarya ndi makopereti 14, mtengo wapachaka wamankhwala umaposa 100 miliyoni yuan, ndipo mankhwala adatumizidwa ku Japan, United Kingdom, South Korea, ndi Russia.

3. Kufotokozera Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Chomera: 青钱柳 (qīngqiánliǔ, Cyclocarya paliurus) ndi mtengo wa m’banja la mtedza (胡桃科), endemic ku China. Hunan Association of Medicinal Raw Materials imati ndi chotsalira cha nthawi ya ayezi komanso mtengo wa gulu lachiwiri la chitetezo cha boma; nyuzipepala ya m’deralo, monga idanenedwera, imayika mtengowu m’nkhalango yotetezedwa ya Huangsang (黄桑) pakati pa mitengo yofunika ku chigawo. Zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mndandanda wa zamoyo zotetezedwa sizinayang’anidwe.
• Mtundu: Zofunikira za mankhwala sizimatchula mitundu kapena ma clones.
• Mulingo wokolola: Mphukira kuchokera ku “bud ndi tsamba limodzi” mpaka “bud ndi masamba anayi.”
• Nthawi yokolola: Kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa April, malinga ndi zofunikira za mankhwala.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Boma lamapiri kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Hunan, nkhalango yotetezedwa ya Huangsan mkati mwake.
• Kutalika kwa malo: Zofunikira za mankhwala ndi osachepera 500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Association of Medicinal Raw Materials imalemba za mapiri opitilira 800 m, zofalitsa zolembedwa zimalemba za mtunda wa 500–2500 m wa cyclocarya wa boma.
• Nyengo: Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa bungwe, ndi yotentha komanso yachinyonzi, yamvula, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku; m’nyengo yokolola ya masika chifunga chimakhala pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, masiku a chifunga pachaka amaposa zana.
• Nthaka: Malinga ndi zofunikira, ndi ya dongo, wokhuthala osachepera 85 cm, pH 4.5–6.7, organic matter osachepera 1.5 %.
• Njira zaulimi: Osaposa mitengo 1400 pa hekitala; manyowa achilengedwe osachepera 1.5 kg pa mtengo pachaka panthawi yakukula ndipo osachepera 9 kg pambuyo poyamba kukolola.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Zofunikira za mankhwala otetezedwa, monga zafotokozedwera m’matchulidwe a zofalitsa zolembedwa, zimakhazikitsa ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1. Kutsuka (清洗, qīngxǐ) ndi kupumitsa tsamba (晾青, liàngqīng).
2. Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): pa 120–130 °C, mpaka tsamba likhale lofewa ndi lonyowa, lobiriwira mwakuda, ndipo lipangike mpanda wosalala.
3. Kuziziritsa (冷却, lěngquè): osanjikiza kupitilira 6 cm.
4. Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
5. Kuyanika m’pot (炒干, chǎogān): pa 80–90 °C, mpaka kouma 80–85 %.
6. Kutenthetsa kwa fungo (提香, tíxiāng): pa 80–90 °C, mpaka kouma 95 %.
7. Kusankha (挑选, tiāoxuǎn) ndi kulongedza.

Zofalitsa zina zimalongosola ndondomeko mwachidule: kusankha, kutsuka, kuyala tsamba, kukhazikika, kupotoza ndi kudula (揉切, róuqiē), ndi kuyanika.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera kumunsikuku ndi zofunikira za mankhwala otetezedwa.

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mizere yayitali kapena granules, zofiirira zofiirira (棕褐色).
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera.
• Fungo la infusion: Loyera, latsopano (清香).
• Kukoma: Kotsekemera (甘甜).
• Mtundu wa infusion: Wachikasu wagolide (金黄).
• Tsamba lotsalira (tsamba lopangidwa): Mwa zofunikira palibe kufotokozera; bungwe la zamankhwala limati ndi lowala (叶底明亮).

Bungwe lomwelo m’gawo lotsatsa limalemba mosiyana: tsamba ndi “肥壮” lotukuka, infusion ndi “嫩黄” yofewa yachikasu, kukoma ndi “鲜爽回甘” kwatsopano, ndi kubweza kotsekemera. Kufotokozera kumeneku kumasemphana ndi zofunikira za mankhwala pamtundu wa infusion.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati

Zofunikira zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo kwa mankhwala otetezedwa:

Chizindikiro	Chofunikira
Flavonoids onse a cyclocarya	osachepera 2.0 g pa 100 g
Saponins onse a cyclocarya	osachepera 2.8 %

Ndemanga zasayansi zimatchula magulu akuluakulu a zinthu za tsamba la cyclocarya monga polysaccharides, flavonoids, ndi triterpenoids. Miyezo ya caffeine ya mankhwalawa siipezeka m’magwero omwe apezeka.

8. Zopindulitsa Zathanzi

Palibe deta yotsimikiziridwa ya zotsatira za mankhwala enieniwa. Malemba otsatsa amati chakumwa chimenechi chimachepetsa shuga, lipids, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi; ndemanga zasayansi zimatchula zotsatira zotere za tsamba la cyclocarya monga njira ya kafukufuku, osati ngati zotsatira zotsimikiziridwa za mankhwala. Izi sizili ndi malangizo azachipatala.

9. Kaphikidwe

Kachitidwe ka kalasi. Njira za Suining Qingqianliu Cha sizipezeka m’magwero omwe apezeka; m’munsimu ndi magawo wamba a infusions za zitsamba zochokera ku tsamba lopotoza.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–100 °C.
• Kuchuluka: 2–3 g pa 150–200 ml.
• Zombo: Gitalasi lagalasi, gaiwan, kapena mbale ya porcelain.
• Ndondomeko: Tenthetsani chombo, thirani tsamba, infusion yoyamba ndi mphindi 2–3, kenako kuthira kangapo ndikuwonjezera nthawi.

10. Kusunga

Kachitidwe ka kalasi. M’matumba olimba, pamalo ouma ndi amdima, kutali ndi fungo ndi chinyezi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zabodza

Palibe deta yamitengo m’magwero omwe apezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication. Lamulo la boma la 2017 limafuna kuti mankhwala ndi kulemba zigwirizane ndi mulingo wa komweko kapena mulingo wogwira wa kampani, ndipo wopanga azikhala ndi zolemba za kupanga, kuyang’anira, ndi kugulitsa; ufulu wa chizindikiro umachotsedwa ngati sadzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri kapena ngati zophwanya sizinakonzedwe.
  • Mndandanda wa State Intellectual Property Office wa mabungwe 941 ovomerezeka ku chizindikiro chapadera, pansi pa “绥宁青钱柳茶” kampani yotchedwa 湖南青钱宝科技有限公司 ndiyo yalembedwa.
  • Musasokoneze ndi zakumwa zochokera ku cyclocarya za malo ena: m’ndandanda womwewo pali mankhwala ena otetezedwa “恩施青钱柳” ochokera ku chigawo cha Hubei, ndipo m’boma woyandikana naye wa Chengbu nayenso adakonza pempho lake.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

• Dzina lachi China la mtengowo ndi “msondodzi wobiriwira wa ndalama,” dzina lodziwika bwino ndi “mtengo wa ndalama.”
• Kukolola kumatenga milungu itatu kapena inayi yokha, kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa April.
• M’maboma oyandikana a Suining ndi Chengbu adapereka mapempho a dzina lomwelo “青钱柳茶” pa nthawi imodzi, ndipo mkulu ku ofesi ya mzinda wa Shaoyang adalongosola kusiyana kwa mankhwalawa chifukwa cha nyengo yosiyana.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi infusions zina zosachokera ku chomera cha tiyi

• Xupu Yaocha (溆浦瑶茶): Nayenso ndi infusion yotetezedwa ya Hunan yochokera ku masamba a mtengo, koma wa m’banja la beech; tsamba lobiriwira lakuda lopotoza ndi infusion yachikasu yowala.
• Laifeng Tengcha (来凤藤茶): Infusion yotetezedwa yochokera ku mpesa wa m’banja la mphesa kuchokera ku Hubei, ndi phulusa loyera pa tsamba ndi infusion yobiriwira yachikasu.
• Dayaoshan Tiancha (大瑶山甜茶): “Tiyi wotsekemera” wa mapiri a Dayaoshan ku Guangxi, nayenso mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication.
• Chengbu Dongcha (城步峒茶): Kuti tisiyanitse, uwu ndi tiyi weniweni wochokera ku boma loyandikana nalo la Chengbu.

Pomaliza:

Suining Qingqianliu Cha ndi infusion yochokera ku masamba aang’ono a cyclocarya a mapiri akum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Hunan, yotetezedwa kuyambira 2016: kukolola kwakanthawi kochepa kwa masika, kukhazikika ndi kuyanika motsatira ndondomeko yofanana ndi tiyi, tsamba lofiirira, infusion wagolide, ndi kukoma kotsekemera. Zofunikira zake zimayesa khalidwe ndi flavonoids ndi saponins a cyclocarya, osati zinthu za tiyi: uwu ndi “tiyi” m’lingaliro la anthu, osati m’lingaliro la botanical.

Magwero

Miyezo

• DB43/T 2873-2023

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero