Chéngbù dòngchá · thetea.app

Chengbu Dongcha (Chéngbù dòngchá, 城步峒茶) ndi tiyi wa Chengbu Miao Autonomous County (城步苗族自治县) m’chigawo cha Shaoyang kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan, kumalire ndi Guangxi. 峒茶 (dòngchá) ndi dzina la mtundu wamba wa chitsamba cha tiyi wa m’deralo, osati kalasi: kuchokera ku masamba ake ankapanga tiyi wofiira wosweka wotumizidwa kunja, panopa amapanga tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira, ndipo amiao ndi adong a m’derali akhala akuphika kuchokera ku masamba ake maziko a tiyi wamafuta. Bungwe loyang’anira msika la Shaoyang limatchula mtundu uwu ngati umodzi mwa mitundu inayi yabwino kwambiri ya zitsamba za tiyi ku Hunan ndipo limauika m’gulu la mitundu yakumwera ya masamba akulu a mtengo wamaluwa. Kuyambira 2022, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Kalasi sinakhazikitsidwe: dzinali limatanthauza mtundu wa chitsamba ndi malo, magwero satchula kalasi ya malonda. Nkhani yofotokoza imaona kuti masamba ndi oyenera kupangira tiyi wofiira komanso wobiriwira, “makamaka wofiira”.
Gulu: Tiyi wa mtundu wamba wa chitsamba cha m’deralo; chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical (2022).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), mzinda wa Shaoyang (邵阳, Shàoyáng), Chengbu Miao Autonomous County (城步, Chéngbù).
Dera: Mndandanda wachigawo wa 2024 umatchula mzinda wa Chengbu ngati malo oyang’anira omwe ali ndi chizindikirocho; sindinapeze malire amalamulo a derali. Nkhani yofotokoza imatchula matauni ndi maboma omwe mtundu wambawu umamera: Tingping (汀坪), Weixi (威溪), Rulin (儒林), Lanrong (兰蓉), Baimaoping (白毛坪), Wutuan (五团), Chang’anying (长安营) ndi Dankou (丹口).
Ma coordinates a geographical: Kwa dera la Gaomei ndi Pengdong m’boma la Tingping, nkhani yofotokoza imapereka 25°58′–26°02′ N ndi 110°14′–110°20′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Zolemba zakale. Nkhani yofotokoza imagwira mawu kuchokera ku “Chengbu Local Chronicle” (城步乡土志): “茶有八峒茶·略可采用” - “pakati pa tiyi pali tiyi wa madong asanu ndi atatu, wotheka pang’ono”. Zolemba za m’deralo zimapatsira izi mosiyana - “城步有八峒茶，可采”; sindinawone gwero loyambirira.
- 1974–1982 - zomwe zapezeka. Malinga ndi nkhani yomweyi, mu 1974 anapeza chitsamba chachitali chakutchire chokhala ndi masamba otambalala okhuthala; mu 1975 akatswiri a Hunan Agricultural College anachifotokoza ngati tiyi wamitundu yayikulu ya masamba a mtundu wa theka-mtengo. Mu 1982 ku Caojiawan (曹家湾) anapeza chitsamba chotalika 7.28 m ndi mainchesi a thunthu 41.1 cm.
- Kuyesa kusamutsa. Mu 1975–1980 anayesa kulima mtundu wambawu m’dera lina la Shaoyang; zitsamba zinakhala zazing’ono, masamba anachepa, ndipo mtunduwo unatengedwa ngati ecotype womangika ku malo ake.
- 1980s - tiyi wofiira wosweka. Nkhani yofotokoza imanena kuti mu 1984 tiyi wofiira wosweka wochokera ku mtundu uwu wa fakitale ya Qiliping (七里坪) analandira udindo wa chinthu chabwino chachigawo, ndipo m’ma 1980s kunali kukula kwakukulu: masamba onse anagulidwa kuti atumizidwe kunja. Pamene tiyi wofiira waku China unachoka pamsika wakunja pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1990, mtundu uwu unayamba kuzimiririka.
- 1986–1987 - mtundu wovomerezeka. Mu June 1986 mtundu uwu unavomerezedwa ngati mtundu wamba wachigawo; mu 1987 - ndi komiti ya zitsamba ya chigawo.
- 2020. Malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza, mzindawo unalengeza za kuteteza ndi kulembetsa mitengo yakale ya tiyi.
- 2022 - chizindikiro. State Intellectual Property Office mu bulletin ya 1777 ya zizindikiro inalengeza “城步峒茶” ngati chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical; nkhani yofotokoza imati chiyambi cha kugwira ntchito ndi 28 Januware 2022. Kwa Shaoyang, iyi inali chizindikiro choyamba chatsopano cha geographical cha chaka chimenecho - monga momwe bungwe loyang’anira msika la m’derali linanenera pa 23 February.
Dzina:
- “Chengbu” (城步) ndi dzina la mzinda.
- “Dong” (峒, dòng) - malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza, limeneli linali dzina la magawo oyang’anira m’mapiri a Miao; mu nthawi ya Ming ku Chengbu kunali “madong” asanu otere. Tiyi “adatchedwa kutengera malo” - chifukwa chake 峒茶.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: “Hunan ribao” imanena kuti amiao ndi adong a Chengbu akhala akumwa tiyi wamafuta (油茶, yóuchá) kuyambira kale, kuti tiyi wamafuta wa Chengbu walembedwa m’mndandanda wachigawo wa cholowa chosagwirika, ndipo kuti chinthu chake chachikulu ndi masamba a 峒茶.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mtundu wamba: Mtundu wamba wobzala ndi mbewu (有性系). Malipoti ovomerezeka amautcha mtundu wakumwera wa masamba akulu a mtengo wamaluwa (南方大叶种乔木型); nkhani yofotokoza pena pake imati “mtengo wawung’ono, masamba apakati, nyengo yapakati” (小乔木型，中叶类，中生种). Kusiyana kumeneku magwero sakufotokoza.
Mitundu iwiri: Malinga ndi mtundu wa masamba okhwima, anthu am’deralo amasiyanitsa “dongcha wamasamba obiriwira” (青叶峒茶, amatchedwanso 竹叶茶 ndi 绵茶) ndi “dongcha wamasamba achikasu” (黄叶峒茶).
Chitsamba ndi masamba: Malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza - thunthu limawonekera bwino, nthambi ndi zochepa; masamba ndi aatali-elliptical, obiriwira kapena obiriwira kwambiri, onyezimira. Mphukira ndi zachikasu-zobiriwira, zokhala ndi ubweya wambiri, ndipo amakhalabe ofewa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi: Masamba a masika amayamba kumera kumapeto kwa March, kudula kumayamba pakati pa April - malinga ndi nkhani yomweyi.
Mulingo wa kudula: Palibe deta ya tiyi wokhala ndi chizindikiro m’magwero opezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Hunan, pamphambano ndi Guangxi. “Shaoyang Chronicle”, yomwe imagwiridwa ndi nkhani yofotokoza, imaika dera lalikulu m’boma la Tingping kumalire ndi maboma a Guangxi a Longsheng ndi Ziyuan, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa phiri la Yuechengling (越城岭).
Kutalika kwa kumera: 300–700 m m’dera la Tingping - malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza; nkhani yomweyi imanena za magulu a zitsamba zakale pamwamba pa 1700 m ku Nanshan National Park.
Nyengo: Malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza - pafupifupi 18 °C pachaka, 1560.7 mm ya mvula, pafupifupi masiku zana a chifunga.
Dothi: Makamaka red earth, acidic pang’ono (pH 5.0–5.5), ndi organic matter 3.09% - malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza ndi zolemba za m’deralo zomwe zagwiridwa.
Kukula: Malinga ndi lipoti la bungwe loyang’anira msika la Shaoyang (2022) - maekala 30,000 a minda; nkhani yofotokoza imatchula maekala oposa 40,000 a zitsamba zakutchire ndi zobzalidwa pofika 2020.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Sindinaone chikalata chofotokoza zofunikira za ukadaulo wa tiyi wokhala ndi chizindikiro. Magwero opezeka amafotokoza njira zitatu.

Tiyi wofiira wosweka. Chinthu chachikulu cha zaka za m’ma 1980, chotumizidwa kunja; palibe zofotokoza za njira zake m’magwero opezeka.
Tiyi wamakono. Nkhani yofotokoza imanena za kupanga tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira, koma siyifotokoza ukadaulo.
Miyeso ya tiyi ya tiyi wamafuta. Malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza, masamba amadulidwa pafupi ndi Qingming ndi Guyu, anaphikidwa mu mphika wachitsulo ndi madzi a mpunga, kwa maola angapo atenthedwa pamoto wochepa, akutentha amafinyidwa, amapangidwa miyeso yokhala ngati chikhatho, ndipo amaumitsidwa pamoto ndi dzuwa.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Pansi pa chizindikirocho pali tiyi wa makalasi osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake palibe kufotokoza kofanana. Pansipa pali kufotokoza kwa tiyi wofiira wochokera ku mtundu uwu malinga ndi nkhani yofotokoza.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Palibe zofotokoza m’magwero opezeka.
Nkhwima ya masamba owuma: Palibe zofotokoza m’magwero opezeka.
Nkhwima ya madzi: Kwa tiyi wofiira - yokwanira ndi yotalika (香气浓郁持久), ndi kamvekedwe ka maluwa ndi uchi (花蜜香).
Kukoma: Kwa tiyi wofiira - kofewa (醇和), pena pake m’nkhani yomweyi - kofewa ndi kotsitsimula (醇和爽口).
Mtundu wa madzi: Kwa tiyi wofiira - wofiira wandiweyani komanso wowala (红浓明亮).
Masamba otsalira (masamba ophikidwa): Palibe zofotokoza m’magwero opezeka.

Kwa tiyi wamafuta, malinga ndi nkhani yomweyi, mtundu wa masamba achikasu umapereka kukoma kozama kwambiri ndipo umapirira kutsanulidwa kochulukirapo kuposa mtundu wa masamba obiriwira.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Mankhwala

Zolemba zofotokoza zimapereka magawo a polyphenols, amino acid, catechins ndi extractives, koma ziwerengero zimatsutsana wina ndi mnzake ngakhale mkati mwa lemba limodzi, ndipo njira ndi zitsanzo sizinatchulidwe. Chifukwa chake sindikuzilemba.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Mchitidwe wa kalasi - magawo amadalira tiyi amene ali m’manja.

Wofiira: 90–95 °C, 3–5 g pa 150 ml, kutsanulidwa koyamba 15–30 masekondi mu gaiwan, kenako kutsanulidwa kanayi kapena kasanu ndi kuwonjezera 10–15 masekondi.
Wobiriwira: 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kutsanulidwa koyamba 40–60 masekondi mu kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan, kutsanulidwa kobwereza kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Tiyi wobiriwira - mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi nkhwima, amwe mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Tiyi wofiira - pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, mu phukusi lolimba, kutali ndi nkhwima.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Yang’anani pa phukusi chizindikiro cha satifiketi ya geographical “城步峒茶”.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa mzinda wa Chengbu.
- Yang’anani pa chizindikiro kalasi ya tiyi: pansi pa dzina limodzi pali tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Chitsamba chotalika 7.28 m kuchokera ku Caojiawan nkhani yofotokoza imachitcha mtengo wautali kwambiri wa tiyi ku Hunan.
Mawu oti “峒” m’dzinali si “phanga”, koma gulu lakale loyang’anira m’mapiri a Miao.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena

Taoyuan Daye Cha (桃源大叶茶): Dzina lina la ku Hunan, loikidwa pa mtundu wamba wa masamba akulu a m’deralo; nayenso alibe kalasi imodzi.
Rucheng Bai Mao Cha (汝城白毛茶): Tiyi wa ku Hunan wochokera ku mtundu wamba wa masamba akulu a kuthengo.
Baojing Huang Jin Cha (保靖黄金茶): Tiyi wa ku Hunan, wotchulidwa kutengera mtundu wamba wa m’deralo, ndi wobiriwira; kuchokera ku mtundu womwewo amapanganso wofiira.

Pomaliza:

Chengbu Dongcha si dzina la kalasi, koma la mtundu wamoyo wa chitsamba cha tiyi wochokera kumapiri pamphambano ya Hunan ndi Guangxi. Mbiri yake - mitengo yakale yopezeka m’zaka za 1970–1980, tiyi wofiira wosweka wotumizidwa kunja, kuzimiririka ndi kubwerera pansi pa chizindikiro cha geographical mu 2022. Magwero amagwirizana pa chinthu chachikulu: masamba amawonekera bwino kwambiri mu tiyi wofiira, ndipo kunyumba kwa amiao ndi adong amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tiyi wamafuta.