Dàyáoshān tiánchá

Dayaoshan Tiancha (Dàyáoshān tiánchá, 大瑶山甜茶) — ndi “tchuthi chotsekemera cha mapiri a Dayaoshan”, mankhwala a m’chigawo cha Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀瑶族自治县) mu mzinda wa Laibin m’chigawo cha Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Ichi si tsamba la chomera cha tiyi Camellia sinensis, koma masamba a chitsamba chokhala ndi kukoma kotsekemera; anthu a fuko la Yao m’chigawochi, malinga ndi malongosoledwe, akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ngati chotsekemera chachilengedwe komanso chakudya kwa zaka mazana angapo, ndipo okhalamo amachitcha “tiyi waminga” (刺儿茶, cì’er chá). Mankhwalawa amatetezedwa ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo: mu Julayi 2024, State Intellectual Property Office idalola kampani ya m’chigawochi kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera. Palibe zolemba zokhudza chomeracho, dera lake, ndi ukadaulo zomwe zinapezeka m’magwero omwe tawafufuza, chifukwa chake nkhaniyi ndi yaifupi kuposa wamba.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Si tiyi m’lingaliro la botanical komanso si m’gulu limodzi la magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tiyi wa ku China. Malongosoledwe amatcha mankhwalawa “天然的甜味料与食品” — chotsekemera chachilengedwe ndi chakudya.
Gulu: Chofinyira chosachokera ku chomera cha tiyi; mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo.
Chiyambi: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西, Guǎngxī), mzinda wa Laibin (来宾, Láibīn), Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀, Jīnxiù); mapiri a Dayaoshan (大瑶山, Dàyáoshān) ndi dera la chigawochi.
Dera lotetezedwa: Palibe mndandanda wa m’maboma ndi ma coordinates m’magwero omwe tawafufuza. Dera la mankhwala ena otetezedwa a chigawo chomwecho, Jinxiu Hongcha, silingasamutsidwe ku tiancha.
Udindo wotetezedwa: Zatsimikiziridwa ndi chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office № 593 cha pa 18 Julayi 2024 chokhudza kuloleza makampani kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera. Nambala ndi tsiku la chigamulo choyambirira choteteza sizinadziwike m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Mwambo wa Yao. Malinga ndi nkhani ya China Daily ndi blog pa Sina, a Yao amagwiritsa tiyi wotsekemera ngati chotsekemera chachilengedwe ndi chakudya kwa “zaka mazana angapo”. Palibe umboni wolembedwa ndi masiku m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.
- Kafukufuku wa sayansi. Guangxi Institute of Botany ndi 181st Hospital ya People’s Liberation Army adafufuza tiyi wotsekemera wakuthengo wochokera ku Jinxiu; malongosoledwe ofotokozera amati ntchitoyi inachitika pakati pa 1978 ndi 1981. Zotsatira zake zimatchedwa kuti zinthu zotsekemera “甜茶素” zili 6–7 peresenti.
- 1980. Malinga ndi blog pa Sina, m’chaka chino akatswiri a zinthu zotsekemera ochokera ku Japan adabwera ku Guangxi kudzafufuza tiyi wotsekemera.
- 2024. State Intellectual Property Office mwa chilengezo № 593 (18 Julayi 2024) idaloleza makampani 54 pa zinthu 27 kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera cha mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo, kuphatikizapo kampani imodzi ya m’chigawo cha Jinxiu yokhudza “大瑶山甜茶”.
Dzina: “Dayaoshan” (大瑶山) — “Mapiri Aakulu a Yao”, dzina la mapiri ndi chigawo; “tiancha” (甜茶) — “tiyi wotsekemera”. Dzina la komweko “tiyi waminga” (刺儿茶) likutchulidwa ndi China Daily.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Magwero amafotokoza tiyi wotsekemera makamaka ngati chotsekemera chachilengedwe ndi chakudya cha a Yao a m’mapiri. Blog pa Sina ikuti tiancha idadziwika ku Japan, Europe, USA ndi Middle East; sichitchula gwero la mawuwa.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Chomera: Dzina la Chilatini la mtundu wake silinaperekedwe ndi gwero lililonse lovomerezeka kapena la sayansi lomwe tinapeza la Dayaoshan Tiancha. Tsamba la ogulitsa ochokera ku Jinxiu limagwirizanitsa mankhwalawa ndi “甜茶叶悬钩子” wa banja la Rosaceae, ndiko kuti, chitsamba cha mtundu wa rasipiberi (Rubus). Dongosolo la botanical la ku China limatcha chomeracho “甜茶” — Rubus chingii var. suavissimus (dzina lakale Rubus suavissimus). Zizindikiro zomwe zili m’malongosoledwe pansipa sizitsutsana ndi izi, koma palibe chikalata chotsimikizira kufanana.
Maonekedwe malinga ndi malongosoledwe: Chimera ngati chitsamba, ndi korona wopapatiza, ndi mphukira zambiri zowongoka (malongosoledwe a malonda). Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ofotokozera, chimachita maluwa makamaka mu Malichi–April, zipatso zimacha mu June, zimakhala za lalanje-zofiira kapena zofiira ndipo zotsekemera.
Kuzungulira kwa chaka: Masamba atsopano amatuluka mu February–March, pamene kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika pamwamba pa 13 °C. Mu July kukula kumasiya, masamba apangika, ndipo nthawi yosonkhanitsa zakudya ndi kusintha shuga imayamba. Mu November masamba amapangika kuti agone; malinga ndi malongosoledwe ofotokozera, masamba amachikasu ndikugwa, chomeracho chimalowa mu nthawi yopuma.
Kubwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku muzu: Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ofotokozera, mphukira zapamwamba zimakhala ndi moyo zaka 2-3, ndipo chomeracho chimadzibwezeretsa kudzera muzu wokhalitsa, chifukwa chake kubzala kumabereka zokolola kwa zaka zambiri palokha.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: July — “nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa”, malinga ndi blog pa Sina: masamba apangika ndipo akusonkhanitsa shuga.
Mitundu: Palibe m’lingaliro la tiyi; palibe mitundu yodziwika yosankhidwa m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Mapiri a Dayaoshan pakati pa Guangxi, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County.
Kutalika kwa kumera: Pamwamba pa 800 m — malinga ndi malongosoledwe pa blog pa Sina.
Mikhalidwe: Gwero lomwelo likunena za mpweya wabwino kutali ndi mafakitale komanso kuti amalima ndi manyowa okha, popanda feteleza wamchere ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Awa ndi mawu a malonda, osati zotsatira za kafukufuku.
Nyengo ndi dothi: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Momwe amakonzedwera zopangira, sizinafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe tawafufuza: palibe magawo, palibe momwe amayanjira, palibe mawonekedwe a mankhwala omaliza. Zomwe tikudziwa ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa — July — komanso kuti amagulitsa masamba owuma: malongosoledwe a malonda amatchula zomwe zili mu “mankhwala owuma”. Ndondomeko yowerengera ya gulu la tiyi singagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chomerachi, chifukwa chake palibe yomwe yaperekedwa pano.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Palibe malongosoledwe a akatswiri a kukoma m’magwero omwe tawafufuza. Malongosoledwe onse amagwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi — kutsekemera.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.
Funso la masamba owuma: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.
Funso la chofinyira: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.
Kukoma: Kutsekemera. Blog pa Sina ikunena za kutsekemera kwakukulu ndi kutsika kwa kalori (高甜度、低热值) ndipo imatcha kukoma “清甜爽口” — kotsekemera koyera komanso kotsitsimula.
Mtundu wa chofinyira: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba ataphikidwa): Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Mankhwala

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe magwero onse amatchula ndi glycoside yotsekemera “甜茶素” (mu blog — “甜茶糖甙”). Malinga ndi nkhani ya China Daily ndi malongosoledwe a kafukufuku wa Guangxi Institute of Botany, masambawa ali ndi 6-7 peresenti. Tsamba la malonda limatchula 5 peresenti ndipo limati palibe caffeine m’chinthucho; deta yake ya flavonoids, amino acid, ndi michere sinatsimikizidwe ndi magwero ena ndipo sibwerezedwe pano.

8. Ubwino wa Zaumoyo

Palibe deta yotsimikiziridwa yokhudza zotsatira za mankhwala enieni awa. Zolemba za alendo ndi zamalonda zimatchula mndandanda wautali wa zotsatira zamankhwala — buku la nkhani sizimatsimikizira izi.

9. Kaphikidwe

Kachitidwe ka gulu. Palibe ndondomeko za Dayaoshan Tiancha m’magwero omwe tawafufuza; pansipa ndi magawo wamba a zofinyira za zitsamba zochokera ku masamba owuma.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90-100 °C.
Kuchuluka: 2-3 g pa 150-200 ml.
Zida: Kapu ya galasi, gaiwan, kapena teapot ya porcelain.
Ndondomeko: Tenthetsa chida, thirani masamba, chofinyira choyamba — mphindi 3-5, kenako thirani madzi mobwerezabwereza.

10. Kusunga

Kachitidwe ka gulu. Masamba owuma — m’matumba otsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma opanda kuwala, kutali ndi funso.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe tawafufuza.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo. Malinga ndi chilengezo № 593, ufulu wa “大瑶山甜茶” unaperekedwa kwa kampani 广西金秀瑶族自治县林海茶业有限公司.
- Onetsetsani kuti mankhwalawo achokera ku chigawo cha Jinxiu.
- Musasokoneze ndi “tiyi wotsekemera” wina. Ku China dzina limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula zomera zosiyanasiyana zingapo; mwachitsanzo, “tiyi wotsekemera” wa Hunan Xupu Yaocha amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse 木姜叶柯 wa banja la Fagaceae, pamene chomera cha Dayaoshan, malinga ndi malongosoledwe, masamba ake amagwa nthawi yachisanu.
- Musasokoneze ndi Jinxiu Hongcha — tiyi weniweni wofiira wochokera ku chomera cha tiyi m’chigawo chomwecho, womwe uli ndi dera lake lotetezedwa.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Chigawo chimodzi chili ndi “tiyi” ziwiri zotetezedwa: Jinxiu Hongcha wochokera ku chomera cha tiyi ndi Dayaoshan Tiancha, womwe si tiyi m’lingaliro la botanical.
Mosiyana ndi chomera cha tiyi chobiriwira nthawi zonse, chomera cha tiyi wotsekemera, malinga ndi malongosoledwe, chimagwetsa masamba nthawi yachisanu ndipo chimapereka zipatso zotsekemera zofiira.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosonkhanitsa si masika, monga ndi tiyi, koma July, pamene shuga akusonkhanitsidwa m’masamba.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi zofinyira zina zosachokera ku chomera cha tiyi

Xupu Yaocha (溆浦瑶茶): Nayenso “tiyi wotsekemera” komanso mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo, koma kuchokera ku masamba a mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse wa banja la Fagaceae; amawukonza motsatira ndondomeko yofanana ndi ya tiyi wobiriwira.
Laifeng Tengcha (来凤藤茶): Chofinyira chotetezedwa kuchokera ku mpesa wa banja la Vitaceae wochokera ku Hubei; kutsekemera kwake kumadza pambuyo pake pambuyo pa kuwawa pang’ono.
Kuding (苦丁茶): Chofinyira kuchokera ku masamba a zomera zobiriwira nthawi zonse — chotsutsa chowawa cha tiyi wotsekemera.
Jinxiu Hongcha (金秀红茶): Posiyanitsa — tiyi weniweni wofiira wochokera m’chigawo chomwecho.

Pomaliza:

Dayaoshan Tiancha — chofinyira chotsekemera cha a Yao cha m’mapiri a Dayaoshan, chotetezedwa ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo ndipo chimadziwika kwambiri ngati chotsekemera chachilengedwe, osati ngati chakumwa chosangalatsa. Zomwe tikudziwa motsimikiza ndi zochepa: kutsekemera, kusonkhanitsa mu July, chomera chogwetsa masamba chomwe chimadzibwezeretsa kuchokera ku muzu, ndi zinthu zotsekemera 6-7 peresenti malinga ndi kafukufuku wakale. Mtundu wa chomera, dera lotetezedwa, ndi ukadaulo zikuyembekezera gwero loyambirira.