Yongding Wulongcha (Yǒngdìng wūlóngchá, 永定乌龙茶) — i-wulong yesifunda sase-Yongding (永定区) emkhandlwini wedolobha i-Longyan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Fujian. Leli gama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo kusukela ngo-2019; umnikazi — inhlangano yesifunda yezolimo zemvelo, kanti kukholomu yempahla kubhalwe i-wulong. Ngetiye ngokwalo imibhalo ayisho lutho: akukho zinhlobo, akukho buchwepheshe, akukho ukubukeka okutholakala emithonjeni etholakele. Ngakho le ndatshana — ngaphambi kwakho konke imayelana nophawu nendawo, futhi ngobuqotho imfushane kunokujwayelekile.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: I-Wulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá). Isigaba sibhalwe kokubili egameni nasemgqeni wempahla wophawu — «乌龙茶».
- Isigaba: I-wulong yesifunda; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), umkhandlu wedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩, Lóngyán), isifunda i-Yongding (永定, Yǒngdìng).
- Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe luhlobanisa uphawu nesifunda sase-Yongding — lokhu kungukuhlobana kwesifundazwe komnikazi, hhayi umngcele womthetho wendawo. Angiwuhlolanga umngcele.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Uphawu. Ngokohlu lwezimpawu zendawo ezibhalisiwe zase-Fujian mhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026:
- igama — «永定乌龙茶»;
- inombolo yokubhalisa — 20730374, isigaba 30;
- uhlobo — uphawu lwesitifiketi;
- usuku lokubhalisa — 28 Septhemba 2019;
- umnikazi — Inhlangano Yezolimo Zemvelo yesifunda i-Yongding yedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩市永定区生态农业协会);
- impahla — «乌龙茶»;
- isimo — ukubhaliswa okusebenzayo.
- Umakhelwane werejista. Ngosuku olufanayo ngaphansi komnikazi ofanayo kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesibili lwe-wulong — «永定山茶» (№ 20593062). Ukuthi lezi zimpawu ezimbili zihlobana kanjani ngendawo nangemibandela, akunakuqondakala ohlwini.
- Umlando wetiye: Imininingwane ngomlando wale wulong ngqo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Angiyilethi izinganekwane nezinsuku.
- Igama: «Yongding» (永定) — igama lesifunda; «wulongcha» (乌龙茶) — «i-wulong», igama lesigaba.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza
- Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Akukho okubaluliwe emithonjeni etholakele.
- Impahla eluhlaza kanye nezindinganiso zokuvuna: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Iningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Fujian, umkhandlu wedolobha i-Longyan.
- Ikheli lomnikazi — idolobhana i-Hugang (虎岗镇). Isizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifunda siyichaza kanje: inyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda, izigodi ezimbili ezinezindawo ezingama-90 000 nama-70 000 mu, ukuphakama okuphezulu — 1 547 m, izinga lokushisa leminyaka eliphakathi nendawo cishe 18 °C, imvula cishe 1 643 mm ngonyaka. Ingxenye ephezulu yedolobhana ikuma-650–850 m, nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, kanti itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme (高山茶) libizwa lapho njengomunye wemikhakha emine eyinhloko yezolimo zasemakhaya. Ukuthi i-Hugang ingena endaweni yophawu nokuthi yini itiye elitshalwa lapho — i-wulong noma okunye, — isizindalwazi asisho; ikheli lomnikazi akukhona okwamanje indawo yokukhiqiza.
- Ezinye izingadi zesifunda. Ingosi yesifundazwe ngo-Ephreli 2024 yabhala ngephrojekthi yetiye edolobhaneni i-Gaotou (高头镇): 2030 mu, kuzo 2000 mu kuyitiye lemvelo, unyaka wonke emafwini nasenkungwini, umkhiqizo olindelekile — ngaphezu kwesigidi se-jin seqabunga elisha ngonyaka. Isigaba setiye embikweni asibaliwe, nakuba imisebenzi ebaliwe lapho — ukubuna elangeni, ukunyakazisa, ukugazinga, ukusonga, ukomisa — ijwayelekile kwi-wulong.
- Inhlabathi: Akukho mininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe nemingcele yaleli tiye ngqo akukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-wulong, hhayi incazelo ye-Yongding Wulongcha:
- Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Elangeni noma endlini.
- Ukunyakazisa nokuhlala (做青, zuòqīng): Imiphetho yeqabunga iyalinyazwa futhi i-oxidize kancane.
- Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
- Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān).
Izinga le-oxidation nokugazinga kwalolu phawu angilazi.
6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokuphisa: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wokuphisa: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isisefo setiye (iqabunga eliphuphile): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane yemfihlo yomzimba neyamakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong.
- Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 95–100 °C.
- Inani letiye: 5–7 g nge-gaiwan engumthamo we-100–110 ml.
- Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
- Inqubo:
- Ukufudumeza izitsha.
- Ukugeza iqabunga ngokushesha ngamanzi okuqala.
- Umsipha wokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–20.
- Omunye ngamunye olandelayo — kancane kancane isikhathi eside.
- Iqabunga limelana nokuphisa okuyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga. I-wulong elula, eligazingwe kancane kungcono ukuligcina efrijini; eligazingiwe — ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.
10. Intengo Nokomgunyathi
Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukwazi ukugwema okomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «永定乌龙茶» (№ 20730374).
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi usuka esifundeni i-Yongding emkhandlwini wedolobha i-Longyan.
- Ungadidanisi ne-«永定山茶» (№ 20593062): lolu uphawu oluhlukile lomnikazi ofanayo, nakho lwe-wulong.
- Ungadidanisi ne-«永定万应茶»: lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yokwelapha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa komkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, akuhlangene ne-wulong yetiye.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Isifunda i-Yongding sinezimpawu ezimbili ze-wulong — «永定乌龙茶» ne-«永定山茶», ezibhaliswe ngosuku olulodwa ngaphansi komnikazi oyedwa.
- Inombolo yophawu 20730374 imi emgqeni owodwa nezinombolo zezimpawu zesifunda ze-persimmon eyomile (20730373), ugwayi (20730375) ne-pomelo (20730376); ezo zibanjwe enye inhlangano yesifunda.
- Ngokohlu maphakathi no-2026, umkhandlu wedolobha i-Longyan unezimpawu zendawo ezingama-95, kanti ezamatiye phakathi kwazo — kusukela ku-wulong ecindezelwe kuya etiyeni eliluhlaza.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye omkhandlu i-Longyan
- Yongding Shancha (永定山茶): Uphawu lwesibili lwesifunda lwe-wulong, lomnikazi ofanayo; ngawo kukhona i-athikili ehlukile ochungechungeni.
- Zhangping Shuixian (漳平水仙): I-wulong ecindezelwe yedolobhana i-Zhangping lomkhandlu ofanayo; uphawu lweqembu luka-2008.
- Yongfu Gaoshan Cha (永福高山茶): I-wulong yasezintabeni eziphakeme yesitayela saseTaiwan evela edolobhaneni i-Yongfu ledolobhana i-Zhangping; uphawu luka-2022, impahla — futhi i-wulong.
- Xiebei Cha (斜背茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda i-Xinluo lomkhandlu ofanayo — ngokwehlukana.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Yongding Wulongcha — okwamanje igama hhayi itiye elichaziwe: uphawu lwesitifiketi olusebenzayo kusukela ngo-2019 lwe-wulong yesifunda i-Yongding, umnikazi — inhlangano yesifunda yezolimo zemvelo, kanti eduze — uphawu lwesibili lomnikazi ofanayo, «永定山茶». Izinhlobo, ubuchwepheshe nokubukeka akukachazwa emithonjeni etholakele, futhi i-athikili ayizisunguli. Lapho kutholakala umbhalo wemithetho yokusetshenziswa kophawu, ukubukeka kwalolu wulong kuzokwazi ukuchazwa ngokombhalo.
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