thetea.app · i-encyclopedia I-encyclopedia · Isikole · I-Atlas · I-Pu-erh · Izisetshenziswa EN · RU · 繁 · 简 · 粵 · FR · ES · AR · DE · JA · KO
+61 ngaphezulu
AF AM AZ BE BG BHO BN BO CA CS DA EL ET FA FI GU HE HI HR HU ID IS IT KA KK KM KN LO LT LV MG ML MN MR MS MY NE NL NO NY OR PA PL PT RO SI SK SL SR SV SW TA TE TH TL TR UK UR UZ VI ZU
thetea.app Buka konke →

Ikhaya · Oolong · I-Yongding Shancha

Yǒngdìng shānchá

Yǒngdìng shānchá · 永定山茶

I-Yongding Shancha (Yǒngdìng shānchá, 永定山茶) yi-wulong yesifunda sase-Yongding (永定区) kumasipala wedolobha i-Longyan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Fujian, emngceleni we-Guangdong. Igama elithi «Shancha» (山茶) kuleli gama lisho «itiye lasezintabeni». Ngokwerejista, umkhiqizo ogciniwe yi-wulong. Kusukela ngo-2019, leli gama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Ngalo lolo suku, umnikazi ofanayo wabhalisa uphawu lwesibili lwetiye lesifunda, i-«永定乌龙茶», nalo olwewulong. Imithombo etholakele ayichazi ukuthi le mikhiqizo emibili ihlukaniswa kanjani. Angizange ngithole izincazelo ezivulekile zetiye uqobo, izinhlobo zalo, ubuchwepheshe noma ukubukeka kwalo. Kunolwazi olwengeziwe ngalolu phawu kunangeqabunga laso.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

  • Uhlobo: I-wulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá). Ngokwerejista, kuhlelweni lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lo mkhiqizo ubhalwe njenge-«乌龙茶».
  • Isicupho segama: Izazi zezitshalo zisebenzisa igama elithi 山茶 ukubiza i-camellia yase-Japan, kodwa uphawu lubhaliselwe i-wulong, futhi elithi «shancha» lapha lisho «itiye lasezintabeni».
  • Isigaba: I-wulong yaseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Fujian enophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2019).
  • Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩, Lóngyán), isifunda sase-Yongding (永定区, Yǒngdìng qū).
  • Indawo: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza isifunda sase-Yongding njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Angizange ngiwuthole umngcele wezomthetho wendawo kanye nemithetho yophawu. I-Yongding ayifakwanga ohlwini lwezifunda ezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu zesifundazwe eziyisimemezelo se-Fujian Wulongcha (福建乌龙茶), njengoba kushiwo embhalweni wethu ngalo.
  • Uhlelo lokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) № 20593062, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo yi-wulong. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2026, uphawu lubhaliswe ngomhla zingama-28 kuSepthemba 2019. Umnikazi walo yi-Yongding District Ecological Agriculture Association yedolobha i-Longyan (龙岩市永定区生态农业协会), futhi ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
  • Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Yongding cishe singu-24°23′–25°06′ N no-116°25′–117°05′ E (ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

  • Umlando:
    • Ngaphambi kophawu. Awukho umlando obhaliwe waleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.
    • 2014–2015. Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, ngoDisemba 2014 uMkhandlu Wezwe wavuma ukuqeda isifunda sase-Yongding futhi udale esikhundleni saso isifunda sase-Yongding sedolobha i-Longyan. Ukuguqulwa kwaqala ukusebenza ngomhla zi-9 kuFebhuwari 2015. Emibhalweni yakudala indawo ibizwa nge-county.
    • 2019. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuSepthemba, izimpawu ezimbili zomnikazi ofanayo zabhaliswa ngosuku olulodwa: i-«永定山茶» (№ 20593062) kanye ne-«永定乌龙茶» (№ 20730374). Zombili zingomkhiqizo othi «乌龙茶».
    • 2024–2025. Iphephandaba i-«Fujian ribao» libhala ngezingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zesifunda emadolobhaneni ase-Gaotou nase-Qiling (imininingwane isesigabeni sesi-4). Iphephandaba alikhulumi ngokuxhumeka kwalezi zingadi nophawu.
  • Igama: Elithi «Yongding» (永定) yigama lesifunda. Elithi «shan» (山) lisho «intaba». Elithi «cha» (茶) lisho «itiye».
  • Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Yongding yaziwa ngama-hakka tulou, izindlu eziyinqaba ezakhiwe ngodaka. Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, amaqembu amakhulu e-tulou yi-Hongkeng (洪坑), i-Nanxi (南溪), i-Gaobei (高北) ne-Chuxi (初溪). Ngo-2008, ama-«Fujian tulou» afakwa ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba. Kubuye kuthiwe lapho i-«永定万应茶» yendawo ifakwe ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamagugu angaphatheki, kodwa lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yokwelapha, hhayi i-wulong. Imithombo etholakele ayixhumanisi uphawu lwe-«永定山茶» nama-tulou.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

  • Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele. Angizange ngiyibone imithetho yophawu enohlu lwezinhlobo ezivunyelwe.
  • Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ayikho imfuneko yezinto ezingavuthiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Izinga kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

  • Isifunda: Iningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Fujian. Ngokwesithenjwa sesifunda, i-Yongding imngceleni ne-county i-Nanjing, i-Pinghe ne-Shanghang, isifunda sase-Xinluo, futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga namadolobha ase-Guangdong i-Dabu ne-Meixian. Indawo yayo iyizintaba namagquma. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yi-Chiyantou (赤岩头), engamamitha ayi-1547.
  • Idolobhana lomnikazi: Inhlangano engumnikazi ibhaliswe edolobhaneni lase-Hanyang (汉洋村) edolobhaneni lase-Hugang (虎岗镇). Ngokwesithenjwa sikahulumeni wesifunda, leli dolobhana lisesigodini sase-Hugang nase-Guanyang. Isiqongo i-Chiyantou siseGuanyang. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe lingu-18 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngama-1643 mm, nesikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinyanga eziyishumi. Isigodi sase-Guanyang siphakeme ngamamitha angama-650–850, nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushisa kwemini nasebusuku. Itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme (高山茶) libizwa njengomunye wemikhakha emine emikhulu yezolimo yaleli dolobhana, kanye neplamu ye-furong, imifino engasasebenzi ngesizini kanye nogwayi.
  • Ezinye izindawo zetiye zesifunda:
    • I-Gaotou. Ngokwe-«Fujian ribao» (2024), edolobhaneni lase-Gaodong ledolobhana lase-Gaotou (高头镇) kusungulwe ingadi yetiye evikela imvelo engu-2000 mu. Iphephandaba lichaza indawo njengephakeme, inenkungu unyaka wonke nemvula eningi.
    • I-Qiling. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo (2025), edolobhaneni lase-Neikeng ledolobhana lase-Qiling (岐岭镇) ingadi yasezintabeni engaphezu kuka-500 mu isendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-800, kanti lonke idolobhana litshalwe itiye ngaphezu kuka-1000 mu.
  • Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Angizange ngiyithole imithetho yophawu nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Amaphephandaba achaza ukukhiqizwa esifundeni, hhayi umkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu, futhi achaza izinto ezahlukene:

  • I-Gaotou (2024) — ukulandelana kwe-wulong:
    1. Ukomiswa elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng).
    2. Ukunyakazisa (摇青, yáoqīng).
    3. Ukugazinga — ukulungisa (炒青, chǎoqīng).
    4. Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn).
    5. Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng).
    6. Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (打散, dǎsàn).
    7. Ukomiswa kokugcina (烘干, hōnggān).
  • I-Qiling (2025) — ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo), ukusonta, ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào) nokomiswa. Ngokombiko wephephandaba, kusukela eqabungeni eliluhlaza kuya etiyeni eliqediwe kuthatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Iphephandaba alisho ukuthi itiye likaliphi ikilasi, kodwa lolu hlu lwemisebenzi lujwayelekile etiyeni elibomvu.

Ngokwalokhu, esifundeni akwenziwa i-wulong kuphela. Akunakwaziwa emithonjeni etholakele ukuthi uphawu lwe-«永定山茶» lufuna ziphi izindlela.

6. Izici Zokuzwa ngezitho zomzimba

Angizange ngiwubone umbhalo onezidingo zokubukeka.

  • Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Iphunga lotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Umbala wotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithe xaxa): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yemvelo namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenziwa kwetiye

Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong. Isitayela saleli tiye, esisha noma esicebile, asaziwa.

  • Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
  • Inani letiye: 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
  • Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
  • Inqubo:
    1. Shisisa izitsha.
    2. Faka itiye bese ukhipha amanzi okuqala ngokushesha.
    3. Ukuphuza kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
    4. Kancane kancane andisa isikhathi ngokuphuza ngakunye.
    5. I-wulong enhle ikwazi ukumelana nokuphuzwa okuyisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle. I-wulong egazingiwe yesitayela esicebile igcinwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. I-wulong entsha, engagazingwanga kakhulu, kungcono ukuyigcina endaweni ebandayo futhi iphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

  • Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:
    • Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-«永定山茶» № 20593062. Umnikazi wulo yinhlangano yesifunda yezolimo evikela imvelo.
    • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Yongding.
    • Khumbula ukuthi uphawu, ngokohlu, luvikela i-wulong kuphela.
    • Ungaphambanisi nophawu lwesibili lomnikazi ofanayo, i-«永定乌龙茶» (№ 20730374), nenhlanganisela yokwelapha i-«永定万应茶» kanye nophawu lwe-«永定茶油», olubhaliselwe uwoyela wokudla.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

  • Isifunda sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye, ezibhaliswe ngosuku olulodwa ngomnikazi ofanayo futhi zingomkhiqizo owodwa, i-wulong. Ukuthi «itiye lasezintabeni» lihluke kanjani ku-«wulong yase-Yongding», imithombo evulekile ayisho.
  • Inombolo yophawu lwe-«永定乌龙茶» isohambweni olufanayo nezinombolo zezimpawu zesifunda ze-taro, i-persimmon eyomile, ugwayi ne-pomelo (20730372–20730376), nakuba zona zinomnikazi ohlukile. Inombolo ye-«永定山茶» iseceleni — 20593062.
  • Indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda, i-Chiyantou (1547 m), isedolobhaneni lase-Hugang, lapho umnikazi wophawu ebhaliswe khona.
  • Igama elithi «itiye» livela egameni lomunye umkhiqizo ovikelwe wesifunda, i-«永定万应茶», kodwa lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yokwelapha enokuvikelwa kwayo (2012).

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye e-Longyan kanye nomakhelwane

  • I-Yongding Wulongcha (永定乌龙茶): Uphawu lwesibili lwesifunda, umnikazi ofanayo, usuku olufanayo, umkhiqizo ofanayo. Umehluko wemikhiqizo awuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
  • I-Zhangping Shui Xian (漳平水仙): I-wulong ecindezelwe yedolobha lase-Zhangping kumasipala ofanayo wase-Longyan.
  • I-Nanjing Tulou Cha (南靖土楼茶): I-wulong yesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Nanjing, nayo indawo ye-tulou futhi nayo inophawu lwe-wulong (2022).
  • I-Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Wuping kumasipala ofanayo, ukuze kuqhathaniswe.
  • I-Fujian Wulongcha (福建乌龙茶): Isimemezelo sesifundazwe esiyisambulela. I-Yongding ayifakwanga ohlwini lwendawo yayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yongding Shancha igama elivikelwe le-wulong yasezintabeni evela endaweni yama-tulou emngceleni we-Fujian ne-Guangdong. Imibhalo iqinisekisa uphawu № 20593062 kusukela ngo-2019, umnikazi walo kanye nomkhiqizo, i-wulong. Konke okunye okwamanje kuvaliwe. Amaphephandaba abhala ngezingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zesifunda, e-Qiling endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-800, nangezindlela ezahlukene zokucubungula: eyewulong e-Gaotou futhi, ngokohlu lwemisebenzi, eyetiye elibomvu e-Qiling. Kodwa ukubukeka kwetiye ngaphansi kwalolu phawu kanye nomehluko walo ku-«永定乌龙茶» eseduze kusalindele imibhalo.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo