Luótián xiānglù chá

ILuotian Xianglu Cha (Luótián xiānglù chá, 罗田香露茶) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elisuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobhana laseShengli (胜利镇) esifundeni saseLuotian (罗田县) emkhandlwini wedolobha waseHuanggang empumalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei. Igama lisho ukuthi «amazolo anephunga elimnandi avela eLuotian». Ngokombhalo wezomkhiqizo wendawo, umnyombo wendawo yikhampasi yetiye yaseXiangluguan (香炉观茶场) kanye namadolobhana ayishumi nesithupha azungezile. Indlela yekhwalithi yendawo ithi «色绿、香高、味浓、耐泡、回甘、形美»: umbala oluhlaza, iphunga elimnandi eliphezulu, ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukumelana nokuthululwa kwamanzi, ukubuya okumnandi, isimo esihle; ezincazelweni zephunga lemnandi kubhalwa iphunga le-castanea. Ngo-2020 igama lathola uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kwathi ngo-2025 langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo lweHhovisi Likahulumeni Lezemfihlakalo Zobuhlakani E-China.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eliyisicaba. Umbhalo wemikhiqizo yendawo ulibeka esigabeni se-«绿茶». Encazelweni yomkhiqizo ovikelwe esifundiwe isigaba asishiwongo ngegama futhi alikho ibalazwe lobuchwepheshe, kepha ukubukeka kuyavumelana nalokhu: iqabunga eliluhlaza, uketshezi oluphuzi ngokuluhlaza, uhlu lwezithengiswa olunamagama afana no-«香露龙井», «香露毛尖», «香露云雾». Umbhalo wezidingo weHhovisi Likahulumeni awuzange uhlolwe ngalo mbono.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseHubei; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
Umsuka: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), umkhandlu wedolobha waseHuanggang (黄冈, Huánggāng), isifunda saseLuotian (罗田, Luótián), idolobhana laseShengli (胜利, Shènglì).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokombhalo wemikhiqizo yendawo — ingxenye esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobhana laseShengli: ikhampasi yaseXiangluguan kanye namadolobhana 涂家铺, 陈家山, 畈里边, 高山, 甘家冲, 瓦学, 梅花坳, 杨家畈, 松子关, 脱甲岭, 黄泥畈, 洗儿岭, 汪家冲, 翁家垸, 大刘垸 kanye ne黄泥岗; izingadi kule mingcele zingamahektha angu-247. Ikhathalogu yemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo ibiza indawo ngobubanzi — «indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesifunda saseLuotian». Ukwehluka nombhalo womemezelo akuzange kuhlolwe.
Izixhumanisi zezwe: Umbhalo ubhala ukuthi «东经31°13′—31°27′，北纬115°42′—115°53′» — amalebula e-longitude ne-latitude ashintshanisiwe. Ngokomqondo lokhu kungu-31°13′–31°27′ N no-115°42′–115°53′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ngaphambi kuka-2020. Azikho izinsuku zokuvela kwetiye noma izinkomba zakuqala emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo uthi itiye lathola izindondo eziningi emiqhudelwaneni yesifundazwe yamatiye adumile aseHubei nokuthi libizwa ngokuthi «鄂东名茶» — itiye elidumile lempumalanga yeHubei; awazange abhale iminyaka namagama emiqhudelwano.
- 2020 — uphawu lwezolimo. Ngomhla ka-19 Meyi 2020 ingosi ye-«Jingchu Wang» (荆楚网) yabika ukuthi uMnyango WezoLimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya ngesimemezelo № 290 unikeze izitifiketi zophawu lwezolimo lwendawo emikhiqizweni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye yaseHubei; iLuotian Xianglu Cha iphakathi kwazo. Inombolo yokubhalisa kukhathalogu yezinkomba ithi AGI02949.
- 2025 — uhlu lweHhovisi Likahulumeni. Ngesimemezelo № 640, esisayinwe ngomhla ka-16 Julayi futhi sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-13 Agasti 2025, iHhovisi Likahulumeni Lezemfihlakalo Zobuhlakani lavuma imikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo eyizi-1409; ikhathalogu yezinkomba ibeka iLuotian Xianglu Cha kulesi simemezelo.
Igama: «Luotian» (罗田) yigama lesifunda; «xiang» (香) iphunga elimnandi; «lu» (露) amazolo. Ukufana kwegama «香露» negama lekhampasi «香炉观» (Xiānglúguàn, «indawo yokuhlala yesitsha sempepho») kuyabonakala, kepha ukuxhumana kwamagama amabili emithonjeni etholakele akuchazwanga.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombhalo, itiye lithengiswa ezifundeni zaseHubei nakwizifundazwe ezingomakhelwane futhi linenedumela elihle kulo lonke uqoqo lwezintaba lwaseDabieshan (大别山).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Emithonjeni etholakele uhlobo alushiwongo ngegama.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinkomba zomzimba namakhemikhali umbhalo kanye nekhathalogu yezinkomba zizinikeza ngentwasahlobo «i-bud elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa» (春茶一芽一叶). Izinga lokuqoqa itiye eliqediwe alikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Azikho izinkathi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: IMpumalanga yeHubei, inyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobhana laseShengli esifundeni saseLuotian; ngokombiko wengosi ye-«Jingchu Wang» (2020), idolobhana lisemphini eseningizimu yomugqa omkhulu wezintaba waseDabieshan.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ezingadini akukho mininingwane. Ingosi efanayo ithi idolobhana laseShengli liphakama ngamamitha angu-930.
Inhlabathi: Ngokombhalo — inhlabathi ephuzi ngokunsundu (黄棕壤, huángzōngrǎng), ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo: ngaphansi kwezitshalo zemvelo esendlalweni esingaphezulu kukhona ngokwesilinganiso amagremu angu-89,7 ezinto eziphilayo kanye namagremu angu-3,77 e-nitrogen ephelele ngekhilogremu.
Amanzi: Umfula iShengli (胜利河) ugeleza endaweni; ngokombhalo, endaweni emaphakathi nangaphansi unesihlabathi esikhulu futhi amanzi ahlanzekile.
Isimo sezulu: Umbhalo uchaza ubusika njengobuneqhwa, namakhaza amade kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, futhi kuhlobene nalokhu inani elincane lezinambuzane ezingadini zasentwasahlobo. Ingosi ye-«Jingchu Wang» yengeza umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku kanye nenkungu evamile. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nemvula awunikwanga kunoma yimuphi umthombo.
Imvelo: Ngokombhalo, azikho izindawo zezimboni nokungcola endaweni.
Isikali: Amahektha angu-247 ezingadi kanye nomkhiqizo wonyaka ocishe ube ngama-jin angu-80 000, okungukuthi cishe amathani angu-40 — ngokombhalo; unyaka wemininingwane awushiwongo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ibalazwe lobuchwepheshe nemingcele akukho emithonjeni etholakele.

Kutiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba ukulandelana okuvamile kungokulandelayo:

Ukuvuthwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakamo.
Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukwakha (整形, zhěngxíng): Iqabunga liyalungiswa futhi licindezelwe, linikezwa isimo esiyisicaba.
Ukomiswa nokuqedwa (干燥, gānzào): Iqabunga lomiswa kuze kube lihlala isikhathi eside.

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beLuotian Xianglu Cha.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

Incazelo engezansi ingokombhalo wemikhiqizo yendawo; ikhathalogu yezinkomba yengeza indlela ethi «清香持久，滋味鲜浓».

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisicaba futhi libushelelezi; i-bud liphelele futhi lifushane (芽头肥而短); umbala uluhlaza okotshani omnyama ngokucwebezela okunamafutha (苍翠绿润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga loketshezi: Linephunga le-castanea (有板栗香); ngokwekhathalogu — lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kunoshukela omnandi, kuthambile, kuyaqabula, futhi nokubuya okumnandi okude (甘醇爽口，回甘持久); ngokwekhathalogu — kusha futhi kugcwele (滋味鲜浓).
Umbala woketshezi: Uphuzi ngokuluhlaza, okukhanyayo futhi kucacile (黄绿明亮).
Isisefo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Uphuzi ngokuluhlaza futhi kulingene (黄绿匀整) — ngokombhalo ofanayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo «i-bud elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa» — ziyafana embhalweni nasekhathalogini yezinkomba:

Inkomba	Inani
Ama-polyphenols etiye	okungenani 21,2 %
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	okungenani 2,1 %
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini	okungenani 39 %

Umbhalo uzinikeza njengemiphumela yokuhlaziya; ukuthi zingena yini ezidingweni zokuvikela akubonakali kulokho okufundiwe. Imininingwane nge-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Amazinga okushisa amanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: Ama-gramu angu-3 ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyelayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Uketshezi lokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yoketshezi.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakamo namaphunga. Kungcono kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Funa uphawu lwendawo ephaketheni.
- Hlola umsuka: ikhathalogu yezinkomba ibiza indawo isifunda saseLuotian, umbhalo kuphela inyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobhana laseShengli.
- Iqabunga lisicaba, libushelelezi, kunebbud elifushane eliphelele; uketshezi luphuzi ngokuluhlaza; ephungeni kukhona iphunga le-castanea.
- Khumbula ukuthi «香露龙井» kanye no-«香露毛尖» amagama okuthengisa ngaphakathi kohlu lweXianglu, hhayi iXi Hu Long Jing futhi hhayi iXinyang Mao Jian.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokombhalo, umkhiqizo unemikhiqizo emine: «香露金凤», «香露龙井», «香露毛尖» kanye no-«香露云雾» — emithathu yayo iboleka amagama amatiye adumile.
Inani elincane lezinambuzane ezingadini zasentwasahlobo umbhalo ulichaza ngobusika obuneqhwa namakhaza.
ILuotian Xianglu Cha kanye neDonghe Bizhen Cha yesifunda saseXishui emkhandlwini ofanayo bathola uphawu lwezolimo ngesimemezelo esisodwa somnyango ngo-2020.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza

IDonghe Bizhen Cha (董河碧珍茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eligobile elinezinwele eliqondile lesifunda saseXishui emkhandlwini ofanayo waseHuanggang; iLuotian Xianglu Cha ineqabunga eliyisicaba.
IYingshan Yunwucha (英山云雾茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseYingshan emkhandlwini ofanayo, lisuka emithambekeni eseningizimu yeDabieshan.
IXi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Isibonelo setiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba; igama laso liphethwe ngomunye wemikhiqizo yohlu lweXianglu, futhi indlela ethi «色绿…形美» ihambisana «nokuphelela kwakhe okune».
IXinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Itiye laseHenan, igama laso liphethwe ngomunye umkhiqizo wohlu.

Ekuphetheni:

ILuotian Xianglu Cha itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elincane lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobhana laseShengli: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani omnyama okunebbud elifushane, uketshezi oluphuzi ngokuluhlaza, iphunga le-castanea kanye nokubuya okumnandi okude. Imithombo ngayo mbalwa, futhi ikhuluma ngendawo, ukubukeka nokwakheka, kepha ithule ngohlobo, ukuphakama kwezingadi nobuchwepheshe. Okunye okwaziwayo ngokuqinisekile: uphawu lwezolimo lwango-2020 kanye nohlu lweHhovisi Likahulumeni lwango-2025.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo