Liánghú bìyù chá

I-Lianghu Biyu Cha (Liánghú bìyù chá, 梁湖碧玉茶) itiye lesifunda sase-Liangzihu (梁子湖区) kumasipala wedolobha i-Ezhou empumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. I-Lianghu yigama elifushane abantu base-Ezhou abalibiza ngalo ichibi i-Liangzihu, elithi biyu (碧玉) lisho uhlaza lwe-jade, umfanekiso hhayi isigaba. Ngokwencazelo yehhovisi likamasipala lokuqapha imakethe, itiye likhula endaweni evikelwe yamahlathi ezintabeni zase-Zhaoshan (沼山) elokishini elinegama elifanayo, futhi kusukela ngoJanuwari 2016 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Ukubukeka okuchaziwe kufana netiye eliluhlaza, kodwa isigaba asishiwongo emibhalweni, kanti enye yezinkampani ikhiqiza ngaphansi kophawu lwe-梁湖碧玉 kokubili itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu. Ngakho-ke i-athikili ime phakathi kwezigaba.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Ngokombhalo akunqunywanga. Izincazelo ezisemthethweni zidweba ukubukeka kohlobo oluluhlaza, kodwa asizisho isigaba, kanti ngaphansi kophawu lwe-梁湖碧玉 inkampani yendawo, ngokombiko wesifunda, ithengisa uchungechunge lwetiye elibomvu neliluhlaza.
• Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2016); ingxenye yophawu lwesifunda lwemikhiqizo yezolimo ethi 梁湖良品.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), kumasipala wedolobha i-Ezhou (鄂州, Èzhōu), isifunda sase-Liangzihu (梁子湖, Liángzǐhú), ilokishi lase-Zhaoshan (沼山镇).
• Indawo yophawu: Ngokwesithenjwa sewebhusayithi engeyona esemthethweni yekhathalogi yezinkomba zezindawo, indawo yamanje yokuphatha yesifunda sase-Liangzihu. Irejista yesifundazwe nayo ikhomba isifunda, kodwa njengobunikazi bokuphatha bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele ongokomthetho wendawo embhalweni wophawu angiwubonanga.
• Umnikazi wophawu: Ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020, yi-Ezhou Zhaoshan Camellia Oil Association (鄂州市沼山茶油协会). Inhlangano efanayo ingumnikazi wophawu lwe-沼山茶油 lwamafutha okudla.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Ezhou icishe ibe ngu-30.4° N no-114.9° E; isifunda sase-Liangzihu silele eningizimu, eduze kwechibi elinegama elifanayo.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Isiqalo. Ngokwencazelo eyashicilelwa yihhovisi likamasipala lokuqapha imakethe ngoJuni 2020, itiye ezintabeni zase-Zhaoshan selilinywa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Usuku oluqondile lokuqala alukho emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2016. NgoJanuwari igama labhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Ngokwerejista yesifundazwe, inombolo 14531126, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo iqabunga letiye (茶叶); isikhathi sokuqala selungelo elikhethekile sisukela ngomhla ka-14 Januwari 2016 kuya ku-13 Januwari 2026.
  • 2018. Ingosi yedolobha yabika ukuthi endaweni yokubonisa ephilayo ye-梁湖碧玉 elokishini lase-Zhaoshan kukhiwa itiye lasentwasahlobo. Inkampani, ngokombiko, yethula izinhlobo ezintsha, yandisa ukutshala okuphilayo kwafinyelela ku-300 mu, futhi itiye elisha elenziwe ngesandla lalithengiselwa i-Beijing, i-Zhuhai ne-Wuhan.
  • 2022. Ngomhla ka-28 Meyi endaweni ephilayo phansi kwepaki lehlathi lesifundazwe i-Zhaoshan, ogwini olusempumalanga lwechibi, kwaba nokunambitha kokuqala kwedolobha kwe-梁湖良品·有机碧玉茶. Ngokombiko wesifunda, izingcweti zazenza itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu neliphuzi, kanti ochwepheshe bahlola amasampula ayisithupha etiye eliluhlaza. Ngokombiko wengosi i-Jingchu Wang (荆楚网), amasampula ayemane: eliluhlaza, elimhlophe, i-黄金芽 ne-紫娟; ukuthi yimuphi umbiko onembile akwaziwa.
  • 2023. Ingosi yehhovisi lezohwebo mayelana nempahla yobuhlakani yabika ngemikhankaso yase-Ezhou yokulwa nokusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho kwezimpawu zezindawo.
• Igama: I-Lianghu (梁湖) yisifinyezo sendawo segama lechibi i-Liangzihu (梁子湖); i-biyu (碧玉) isho uhlaza lwe-jade; i-cha (茶) isho itiye.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sithuthukisa ezokuvakasha zasemaphandleni ngaphansi komfanekiso othi 醉美梁湖 kanye nophawu olujwayelekile lwemikhiqizo yezolimo i-梁湖良品, lapho leli tiye lifakwe khona. Ngokombiko wesifunda, itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza lenkampani ngaphansi kophawu lwe-梁湖碧玉 lisakazwa ezifundazweni eziyishumi nambili, emadolobheni aphakathi nendawo nasezifundeni ezizimele, futhi umkhiqizo wathola ukuhlonishwa kwegolide kukahulumeni imikhakha emithathu ilandelana. I-Jingchu Wang ibiza omunye umklomelo, imiklomelo emithathu ephakeme ilandelana emqhudelwaneni kazwelonke we-中茶杯; iminyaka ayishiwongo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Izinhlobo zophawu azikho emithonjeni etholakele. Endaweni eyodwa ephilayo, ngokombiko ka-2018, kwethulwa izinhlobo i-乌牛早 (Wūniúzǎo) kanye ne-安吉白茶, igama elichazwe kanjalo embikweni njengohlobo olunamaqabunga akhanyayo lwase-Anji. Ukuthi lokhu kusebenza esifundeni sonke akwaziwa.
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Isithenjwa saleyo webhusayithi yekhathalogi sichaza amahlumela kanje: imiqumbe namaqabunga makhulu futhi anenyama, umbala uhlaza oyigugu, iqabunga lithambile, imiqumbe emincane namaqabunga anoboya obuningi (芽叶肥壮，色泽翠绿，叶质柔软，幼嫩芽叶毫毛多). Kubukeka sengathi lokhu kuyincazelo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, hhayi yetiye eselilungile.
• Izinga nesikhathi sokukha: Akukho emithonjeni etholakele; imibiko ikhuluma kuphela ngokukha kwentwasahlobo.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Zhaoshan ogwini lwechibi i-Liangzihu. Incazelo ka-2020 ibiza indawo ngendawo evikelwe yamahlathi ezintabeni zase-Zhaoshan; umbiko ka-2022 uthi iphansi kwepaki lehlathi lesifundazwe i-Zhaoshan ogwini olusempumalanga lwechibi. Umgwaqo wasezintabeni onqamula endaweni, ngokwencazelo, ubizwa ngokuthi umgwaqo omncane we-Lianghu, futhi nhlangothi zombili zawo kunamasimu etiye.
• Indawo enkulu: Ngokwencazelo yehhovisi lokuqapha imakethe, ukuvuthwa okuphezulu kokutshala kwafinyelela ku-11 000 mu. Indawo yamanje ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo onobuchwepheshe awukho emithonjeni etholakele. Umbiko ka-2018 uthi kuphela ukuthi itiye elisha endaweni ephilayo lenziwe ngesandla.

Ukubukeka okuchaziwe, iqabunga eliluhlaza okuyigugu, umuncu ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, kuhambisana netiye eliluhlaza. Ngetiye eliluhlaza uhlelo olujwayelekile lumi kanje; lolu wuhlelo lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye ngokuqondile:

1. Ukunwebisa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng).
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa uketshezi.
3. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

Ubuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu bophawu olufanayo abukho emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokubukeka

Incazelo engezansi yanikezwa yihhovisi likamasipala lokuqapha imakethe lase-Ezhou (2020) nge-梁湖碧玉茶 iyonke, ngaphandle kokucacisa uhlobo nenqwaba.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuluhlaza okuncane, ngokucwebezela (茶形嫩绿、润泽).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lomuncu: Iphunga elilula elihlanzekile (微微清香).
• Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kumanzi (浓醇滋润).
• Umbala womuncu: Uphuzi ngokuluhlaza, okhanyayo futhi osobala (黄绿明亮、通透).
• Izansi letiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yefiziksi namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele. Isithenjwa sewebhusayithi yekhathalogi yezinkomba zezindawo sibhala ngamazwi ajwayelekile ukuthi itiye kufanele libe nama-amino acid amaningi, amavithamini nama-polyphenol, kodwa alinikezi izinombolo.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza, ukubukeka okuchaziwe kuhambisana nakho ngempela.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa isitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Umuncu wokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yomuncu.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi; imicu emibili noma emithathu ephindwayo.

Ngetiye elibomvu bophawu olufanayo, umkhuba wesigaba: 90–95 °C, umuncu wokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza, ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu, endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ephaketheni eliminyene, kude namaphunga.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Isimo sophawu: Isikhathi sokuqala sophawu № 14531126 ngokwerejista yesifundazwe saphela ngomhla ka-13 Januwari 2026. Ukuthi sandisiwe akubonakali emithonjeni etholakele. Irejista ka-2026 iphawula igama njengelibhalisiwe ngosuku lomthombo.
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-梁湖碧玉茶 ephaketheni.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Liangzihu.
  • Ungaphambanisi nophawu oluhlukile lwe-沼山茶叶 lwesifunda esifanayo, olunomnikazi ohlukile, ihlathi likahulumeni lase-Zhaoshan (鄂州市国有沼山林场), nesikhathi salo, kusukela ngomhla ka-28 Disemba 2017 kuya ku-27 Disemba 2027.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

• Uphawu lwetiye luphethwe yinhlangano yamafutha e-camellia; inophawu lwe-沼山茶油.
• Umbiko wesifunda ngokunambitha kuka-2022 ucaphuna isiqubulo esinemvumelwano: 朋友遍天下，梁湖碧玉茶, okusho ukuthi abangane kuwo wonke amazulu, itiye i-Lianghu Biyu.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

• I-Huangpi Lvcha (黄陂绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Huangpi enyakatho ye-Wuhan, nalo elinophawu lwendawo.
• I-Baiquan Lvcha (柏泉绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elosiwe lesifunda sase-Dongxihu e-Wuhan.
• I-Jinhai Nü’ershan Baicha (金海女儿山白茶): Itiye lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Huangshi; igama elithi baicha (白茶) egameni laso, njengelithi biyu lapha, alifakazeli isigaba.
• I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Anji lohlobo olunamaqabunga akhanyayo; uhlobo lubalwe phakathi kwezethulwe e-Zhaoshan.
• I-Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni lase-Zhejiang; uhlobo olunegama elifanayo nalo lubalwe lapho.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Lianghu Biyu Cha itiye lezintaba zase-Zhaoshan eduze kwechibi i-Liangzihu. Incazelo esemthethweni idweba ukubukeka kwetiye eliluhlaza, kodwa ayisho isigaba, kanti uphawu olunegama elifanayo lukhiqiza netiye elibomvu. Uphawu lwabhaliswa ngo-2016 ngaphansi kwenhlangano yendawo yamafutha e-camellia; isikhathi sokuqala saphela ngoJanuwari 2026, ukunwetshwa ngokwemithombo etholakele akuqinisekisiwe.