U-Huangpi Lücha (Huángpí lǜchá, 黄陂绿茶) yitiye eluhlaza yesifunda saseHuangpi (黄陂区) enyakatho yeWuhan, esifundazweni saseHubei. Leli gama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo kusukela ngo-2018. IHuangpi iyisifunda setiye esikhulu kunazo zonke eWuhan: ngokusho kwesifunda, kukhona cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zama-mu ngaphansi kwetiye, futhi iziphathimandla zendawo ziyibiza ngokuthi isifunda esikhulu setiye eluhlaza edolobheni. Ngokwetiye uqobo ngaphansi kwaleli gama imibhalo etholakele imincane: akukho ncazelo yeqabunga, noma yobuchwepheshe. Kuyaziwa kabanzi ngegama elingumakhelwane lesifunda esifanayo — i-«Mulan cha» (木兰茶), inhlangano yesifunda eyikhuthazayo ngokwehlukana.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba sibizwe egameni; ubuchwepheshe abutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha laseWuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda saseHuangpi (黄陂, Huángpí).
- Indawo evikelwe: Irejista ikhomba isifunda saseHuangpi njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga. Akuvunyelwe ukuyibuyisela ngegama letiye kuphela.
- Uphawu: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo № 21156921, isigaba 30, impahla — «itiye» (茶). Umnikazi — Inhlangano Yemikhiqizo Yendawo Yesifunda SaseHuangpi (武汉市黄陂区土特产协会). Isikhathi ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020 — kusukela ngomhla ka-14 Ephreli 2018 kuya ku-13 Ephreli 2028. Irejista ka-2026 ibeka uphawu njengolusebenzayo.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Inganekwane ngeNgoma. Izinto zesifunda mayelana ne-«Mulan cha» zihola itiye laseHuangpi kusukela enkathini yombusi weNgoma uRenzong: kuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi esigodini saseMulanchuan (木兰川) kwase kutshalwa itiye. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe abukho emithonjeni etholakele, futhi lokhu kubhekise e-«Mulan cha», hhayi uphawu lwe-Huangpi Lücha.
- 2018. Ngomhla ka-14 Ephreli kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «黄陂绿茶».
- 2021. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezifunda ezikhiqiza itiye ezinkulu zaseHubei kungene amadolobhakazi ayishumi nantathu kanye nezifunda nezifunda ezingamashumi amane nesikhombisa, phakathi kwazo iHuangpi.
- 2024. Ngokwesicelo senhlangano yetiye yesifunda i-«Mulan cha» ingene eqenjini lesibili lika-2024 lenkomba kahulumeni «Memory of Chinese Agricultural Products» (中国农耕农品记忆索引名录).
- Igama: IHuangpi (黄陂) yigama lesifunda; i-lücha (绿茶) — «itiye eluhlaza».
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni itiye liyimboni yezolimo yendabuko futhi enye yezinkulu ezisemaphandleni. Isigodi saseMulan sithuthukisa kuyo umkhiqizo ojwayelekile othi «Hua Mulan» (花木兰) — ngegama leqhawekazi lenganekwane, okuthiwa indawo yakubo ikulezi zindawo.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nokungavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo / I-Cultivar: Ngophawu lwe-Huangpi Lücha izinhlobo azibhalwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Amaphephandaba esifunda abhala ukuthi elinye lamapulazi esigodi saseMulan kusukela ngo-2018 latshala ngaphezu kuka-700 mu wezinhlobo ezintsha — «jibai» (极白), «naibai» (奶白), «huangjincha» (黄金茶) nezinye; lokhu kungamapulazi owodwa, hhayi incazelo yetiye ngaphansi kophawu.
- Ukungavuthiwe: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Enyakatho yeWuhan. Isigodi saseMulan, ngokwencazelo yesifunda, ngaphandle sincike eDabeshan (大别山), kanti ngaphakathi ilele echibini laseMulan.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda — izinkathi ezihlukene ezicacile, umswakamo omningi, imvula eyi-1202 mm ngonyaka, amahora angu-1917,4 elanga, cishe izinsuku ezingama-255 ngaphandle kwesithwathwa.
- Indawo: Cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zama-mu ezingadi zetiye, kuzo cishe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili — lapho kuvunwa khona (imininingwane yesifunda, 2022).
- Indawo ye-«Mulan cha»: Amayunithi ayisithupha esifunda — isigodi saseMulan, iMulanshan, iLijiaji, iChangxuanling, iYaojiaji neCaidian; 840,8 km², ngaphansi kwetiye 54,5 izinkulungwane zama-mu, umkhiqizo cishe 950 t ngonyaka (ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, 2024). Ukuthi le ndawo iyafana nendawo yophawu lwe-Huangpi Lücha, imithombo ayisho.
- Ukuphakama nomhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe be-Huangpi Lücha abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Kwitiye eluhlaza ukulandelana okuvamile kanje:
- Ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng).
- Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
- **Ukusonga noma ukwakha (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
Lesi isikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye. Izinto zesifunda mayelana ne-«Mulan cha» zisho kuphela ukuthi ukucubungula kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile nangemishini.
6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ejwayelekile yophawu. I-athikili eyinkomba ngetiye lesifunda ibiza iqabunga ngokuthi liyisicaba, liyacwebezela (外形扁平光泽). I-«Mulan cha» isifunda siyichaza ngetiye elikhulu eliyisicaba eliluhlaza — eliqondile, eliluhlaza njengeluhlaza (以扁形绿茶为主，挺直、翠绿).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lotshwala obushisayo: Nge-Huangpi Lücha azikho izincazelo. I-«Mulan cha», ngokwencazelo yesifunda, inephunga eliphakeme nelihlala njalo (香高持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Ayikho incazelo ejwayelekile; i-athikili eyinkomba ngetiye lesifunda ibiza ukunambitheka ngokuthi okusha nokuthambile (滋味鲜醇).
- Umbala wotshwala obushisayo: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elidliwayo): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane yamakhemikhali nokomzimba emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye
Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa isitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Umjovo wokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuthela kabili noma kathathu okuphindwayo.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Amanani Nokukhwabanisa
Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo № 21156921.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseHuangpi.
- Khumbula ukuthi i-«Mulan cha» ne-«Hua Mulan» ngamagama ahlukene, hhayi uphawu lwe-Huangpi Lücha.
11. Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- Umnikazi wophawu akayena yetiye, kodwa inhlangano ejwayelekile yemikhiqizo yendawo. Kurejista ka-2020 inezimpawu eziyisikhombisa zesitifiketi: isithombe sobumba, i-water chestnut, i-tofu, i-persimmon, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, amahlumela kabhatata netiye eluhlaza. Esetiyeni yilona lakamuva kakhulu.
- Ngokwendawo yezingadi zetiye i-Huangpi ingeyokuqala phakathi kwezifunda zaseWuhan.
- Igama lesigodi saseMulan lixhunyaniswa neqhawekazi lenganekwane uHua Mulan, futhi kuye — negama lomkhiqizo wetiye wendawo.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namatiye Angomakhelwane
- I-Baiquan Lücha (柏泉绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lohlobo lwe-longjing lwesifunda saseDongxihu eWuhan efanayo; linobuchwepheshe kanye nencazelo yezitho zomzimba emibhalweni.
- I-Dawu Lücha (大悟绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane iDawu enyakatho, eDabeshan efanayo; livikelwe isitandadi nophawu, ngezindlela ezintathu zeqabunga.
- I-Xihu Longjing (西湖龙井): Isibonelo setiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba — ifomu isifunda esilibeka ku-«Mulan cha».
Ekuphetheni:
I-Huangpi Lücha yigama lesifunda esikhulu setiye eWuhan: izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zama-mu ezingadi nophawu lwesitifiketi kusukela ngo-2018. Izincazelo zetiye uqobo ngaphansi kwalolu phawu azitholakalanga; okusondele kakhulu kuzo — isithombe sesifunda se-«Mulan cha», itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elinephunga eliphakeme nelihlala njalo. Ukuthi lawa magama amabili ayafana ngendawo nangomkhiqizo, kufanele kuboniswe yimibhalo yomnikazi wophawu.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo