Tīngxī lánxiāng chá

Tinsi Lanxiang Cha (Tīngxī lánxiāng chá, 汀溪兰香茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’midzi inayi ya chigawo cha Tinsi (汀溪乡) m’boma la Jing (泾县) mu mzinda wa Xuancheng kumwera kwa chigawo cha Anhui, m’matanthauzo ofotokozera “fungo la orchid la Tinsi”. Zofunikira za malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication zimatchula zizindikiro zake ziwiri zodziwika: mawonekedwe a masamba a lupanga la singano (绣剪形) ndi fungo la orchid. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi agricultural geographical indication kuyambira 2017 komanso kuvomerezedwa kwa malonda a geographical indication kuyambira 2025. Uwu ndi malonda osiyana, osati mawu ofanana ndi Jingxian Lanxiang Cha: chigawo chake chili ndi midzi 46, ndipo midzi inayi ya Tinsi Lanxiang ili mkati mwake.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Buku lofotokozera limatcha tiyi wodziwika bwino wa mtundu wa “sharp” teas wophikidwa ndi kutentha (烘青尖茶类名优绿茶, hōngqīng jiānchá); njira yopangira malinga ndi zofunikira ndi ya tiyi wobiriwira (ndime 5).
Gulu: Tiyi wa “sharp” wa m’boma la Jing; malonda a geographical indication.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), mzinda wa Xuancheng (宣城, Xuānchéng), boma la Jing (泾县, Jīngxiàn), chigawo cha Tinsi (汀溪, Tīngxī).
Malo otetezedwa: Midzi inayi ya chigawo cha Tinsi — Danankeng (大南坑村), Hongxing (红星村), Hongling (红岭村) ndi Gaoshan (高山村). Wopempha — Jing County Tea Association (泾县茶业协会). Malinga ndi tsamba lina lamalonda kuti tiyi amapangidwa m’boma lonse, izi sizikutsimikiziridwa ndi chikalata.
Malo a geographical coordinates: 30°28′40″–30°38′19″ N, 118°33′51″–118°40′12″ E (malire a malo otetezedwa).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Mbiri yakale. Malinga ndi mabuku ofotokozera, tiyi wa “sharp” (尖茶, jiānchá) ndi malonda achikhalidwe a boma la Jing. Madeti amasiyana: malemba ena amatcha “Baiyun Lanpian” (白云兰片) tiyi wa nthawi za mafumu a Tang ndi Song, buku lina lofotokozera likuti pa nthawi ya Tang kuno ankamwa “Baiyun Cha” (白云茶), ndipo dzina la “Baiyun Lanpian” limatchulidwa kuchokera m’malemba a “白云茶赋” a nthawi ya Kangxi (康熙) ya mafumu a Qing.
- Kumapeto kwa Qing. Tiyi wa “sharp” wa Tinsi ndi Aimin (爱民) ankagulitsidwa m’mizinda ya m’mbali mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze ndipo ankatumizidwa kunja ku Southeast Asia, chifukwa chake amatchedwa “tiyi wa sharp wa kunja” (洋尖, yángjiān).
- Kupangidwa. Malinga ndi mabuku ofotokozera, tiyi anapangidwa kuchokera ku tiyi wakale wa “sharp” wa kalasi yapamwamba motsogozedwa ndi Profesa Chen Chuan (陈椽): kuthyola kunakwezedwa kufika pa mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi, mawonekedwe anakonzedwa kukhala masamba a lupanga la singano, ndipo dzina linaperekedwa poganizira fungo la orchid la “Baiyun Lanpian”. Buku lina lofotokozera limatcha maziko ake tiyi wa m’deralo “Tinsi Tikui” (汀溪提魁). Zaka za kupangidwa sizikutchulidwa.
- 2013–2014. Malinga ndi uthenga wa boma la Jing, tiyi uyu kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana adalowa m’gulu khumi la zipembedzo za tiyi za chigawo chomwe owerenga amakonda kwambiri — yekhayo mwa tiyi aku Xuancheng.
- 2015. Anhui Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision (安徽省质量技术监督局) idavomereza pa 14 July muyezo wa m’deralo DB34/T 2413-2015 “Technical Regulations for the Production of Tinsi Lanxiang Cha” (汀溪兰香茶生产技术规程); unayamba kugwira ntchito pa 14 August 2015.
- 20 April 2017. Ministry of Agriculture ya China inalembetsa “汀溪兰香茶” ngati agricultural product yokhala ndi geographical indication.
- 2019. Ku Tinsi kunachitika chikondwerero chachisanu ndi chitatu cha kuthyola “泾县（汀溪）兰香茶”.
- 20 May 2020. Malinga ndi buku lofotokozera, tiyi adalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa dziko lonse wa “全国名特优新农产品”.
- 9 June 2025. State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) ndi chilengezo № 632 idavomereza ngati malonda a geographical indication — mosiyana ndi Jingxian Lanxiang Cha, yomwe idavomerezedwa ndi chilengezo chomwecho.
Dzina: “Tinsi” (汀溪) ndi dzina la chigawo; “lanxiang” (兰香) ndi “fungo la orchid”; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Boma la Xuancheng limatcha Tinsi kwawo kwa tiyi uyu ndi “chigawo cha tiyi wotchuka” wa m’deralo, ndipo tiyi yemweyo ndi tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa ndi manja wopanda mankhwala. Chikondwerero cha kuthyola chimakweza chizindikiro cha boma lonse “泾县兰香”.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zida

Mitundu: Zofunikira zimatchula mitundu yabwino monga “Lanxiang № 1” (兰香一号, Lánxiāng yī hào). Malinga ndi buku la agricultural technology association monga momwe lafotokozedwera, iyi ndi mitundu ya m’deralo (当地群体种) ndi mizere yosankhidwa kuchokera mwa iyo; masamba okhala ndi mtundu wofiirira sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Muyezo wa kuthyola: Mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langoyamba kumasuka (一芽一叶初展); tsamba limathyoledwa ndi kukweza dzanja mmwamba (提手采).
Nthawi ya kuthyola: Malinga ndi zofunikira, kuthyola kumayamba kuyambira pa 20 March mpaka pa chikondwerero cha Qingming (清明). Buku lina la maphunziro likulemba za kuthyola pakati pa Qingming ndi Guyu (谷雨); chifukwa cha kusiyana sikukufotokozedwa m’mabuku.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Mapiri a kumwera kwa Anhui.
Nyengo: Northern subtropical monsoon, yonyowa. Buku lofotokozera limatchula kuti ku Tinsi kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 15,7 °C, masiku 246 opanda chisanu, maola 1932,4 a dzuwa ndi 1536,7 mm ya mvula; pa nyengo yoyera m’mawa ndi madzulo kuno kumakhala chifunga, pa nyengo yamvula mapiri ali m’mitambo.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi zofunikira — yokhala ndi kapangidwe kabwino, yamchenga, yotsekeka bwino, yokhala ndi wosanjikiza wokhuthala wa humus; organic matter 2–6 %, pH 5,0–6,0.
Kusamalira: Pakulima amawonjezera feteleza wachilengedwe wovunda — kompositi, makeke, ndowe.
Kutalika kwa malo: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.
Kukula: Buku la malonda am’deralo limatchula mahekitala 400 a minda ndi matani 80 a kupanga; chaka cha ziwerengerozi sichikutchulidwa, malo amatanthauza chiyani, sizodziwika.

5. Njira Yopangira

Zofunikira za malonda a geographical indication zimakhazikitsa njira iyi:

Kufowoketsa tsamba latsopano (摊放, tānfàng).
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation.
Kuumba (做形, zuòxíng): Kuwongola (理条, lǐtiáo) ndi kupondereza pang’ono — kuchokera apa mawonekedwe owongoka komanso athyathyathya.
Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, chūhōng).
Kuziziritsa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Kusankha (捡剔, jiǎntī).
Kuyanika komaliza (复烘, fùhōng).
Kulongedza.

Kupanga kumafotokozedwanso ndi provincial technical regulation DB34/T 2413-2015 (ndime 2). Malemba a regulation palibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza, choncho zofunikira zake sizikufotokozedwa pano.

Kutentha ndi nthawi za machitidwe palibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza. Kufotokozera kumodzi kwa malonda kumalemba za kuyanika pamakala mpaka chinyezi cha 5 % kapena kuchepera; zofunikira zimalola mpaka 7 %.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Malinga ndi zofunikira za malonda a geographical indication.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Mawonekedwe a masamba a lupanga la singano, owongoka ndi otambasuka, obiriwira ngati emerald, ndi tsitsi lowoneka (绣剪形，平直舒展，翠绿显毫).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.
Fungo la kapu: Loyera ndi lalitali, lokhala ndi fungo lomveka la orchid (香气清高显兰花香).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kofewa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (滋味鲜醇回甘).
Mtundu wa kapu: Woyera, wowonekera komanso wowala (汤色清澈明亮); mabuku ofotokozera amawonjezera — wobiriwira wodekha.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothiridwa): Lokhuthala ndi lofewa, masamba amatseguka ngati maluwa, obiriwira komanso onyezimira (叶底肥嫩成朵绿亮).

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Zofunikira za physicochemical za malonda a geographical indication:

Chizindikiro	Muyezo
Chinyezi	osapitirira 7,0 %
Fumbi	osapitirira 0,5 %
Phulusa lonse	osapitirira 6,5 %
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	osachepera 37,0 %
Fiber	osapitirira 14,0 %

Zofunikira za agricultural indication zinkalozera pa physicochemical indicators ndi mtundu ku provincial standard DB34/T 1582 “Product with Geographical Indication Tinsi Lanxiang Cha”; malemba ake palibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza. Deta ya polyphenols, amino acids ndi caffeine palibenso m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.

8. Kuthira

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Galasi loyera kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa zida.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikuthira madzi m’mbali mwa chidebe.
3. Kapu yoyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kapu.
5. Onjezani madzi.
6. Mutha kuthiranso kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya kalasi. M’mapaketi osalowetsa mpweya, osawonekera, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo lachilendo. Fungo la orchid limatha koyamba, choncho tiyi ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Yang’anani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication “汀溪兰香茶”: ufulu wake umavomerezedwa ndi CNIPA, ndipo mndandanda wa ovomerezeka umasindikizidwa.
- Yang’anani kuti tiyi akuchokera kumidzi inayi ya chigawo cha Tinsi.
- Tsamba — lowongoka, lathyathyathya, ngati lupanga la singano, ndi tsitsi; osati lopiringizika kapena la mpira.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Malemba otchuka amafotokoza fungo la orchid kudzera mu ma orchid akuthengo omwe amamera m’mapiri m’nyengo ya masika — iyi ndi kufotokozera kwachikhalidwe, osati deta ya kusanthula.
Midzi yonse inayi ya Tinsi Lanxiang ili m’chigawo cha midzi 46 cha Jingxian Lanxiang Cha; mayina onse adavomerezedwa ndi chilengezo chimodzi pa pempho la bungwe limodzi.
Malamulo a oyandikana nawo awiriwa amasiyana: kwa Tinsi Lanxiang kuthyola kumayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka Qingming, fumbi limaloledwa mpaka 0,5 %, zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi zifunika osachepera 37 %; kwa Jingxian Lanxiang kuthyola kumayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka Guyu, zidutswa ndi fumbi zimaloledwa mpaka 6 %, zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi — kuyambira 35 %.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wa boma la Jing ndi oyandikana nawo

Jingxian Lanxiang Cha (泾县兰香茶): Tiyi wamba wa orchid wa boma lomwelo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a lupanga la singano; dera lake ndi lalikulu ndipo limaphatikizapo midzi ya Tinsi Lanxiang.
Jingxian Te Jian (泾县特尖): Tiyi wobiriwira wa “sharp” wophikidwa ndi kutentha wa boma lomwelo lokhala ndi dzina lake.
Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma lomwelo, wopiringizidwa kukhala mipira yothina.
Taiping Hou Kui (太平猴魁): Tiyi wotchuka wa Anhui wa mtundu wa “sharp”, wathyathyathya komanso wa masamba akulu.

Pomaliza:

Tinsi Lanxiang Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa “sharp” wochokera kumidzi inayi yamapiri ya chigawo cha Tinsi: tsamba lathyathyathya lowongoka ngati lupanga la singano, mtundu wa emerald ndi tsitsi, fungo loyera lalitali lokhala ndi kamvekedwe ka orchid komanso kukoma kwatsopano kofewa ndi kubwerera kotsekemera. Unachokera ku tiyi wakale wa “sharp” wa boma lonselo ndipo umakhala pafupi ndi Jingxian Lanxiang wokulirapo, koma malamulo ake ndi ake — nthawi yoyambira kuthyola ndi yoyamba komanso kulolerana kwa fumbi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.