Máoshān chángqīng

Maoshan Changqing (Máoshān chángqīng, 茅山长青) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’tauni ya Jurong (句容市) m’chigawo cha Zhenjiang m’chigawo cha Jiangsu, kuchokera kumapiri a Maoshan kum’mwera kwa chigawochi. Tiyi uyu ndi wachinyamata: malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi, adapangidwa ndi Maoshan Tea Farm mu 1986. Masamba ndi athyathyathya ndi owongoka, obiriwira ngati emerald, madzi a tiyi ndi obiriwira pang’ono, kukoma kwake ndi kwatsopano. Kuyambira 2020, dzinali lalembedwa m’kaundula wa zizindikiro za malo aulimi; dera lotetezedwa ndi Jurong yense.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Njira yofotokozedwa ndi kukhazikika, kuwongola, kupanga mawonekedwe, kuyanika, popanda kufowoketsa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi yobiriwira; buku lina limanena kuti tiyi uyu ndi wa gulu lobiriwira.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wamakono wa Jiangsu, wopangidwa ndi famu ya tiyi; chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2020).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), mzinda wa Zhenjiang (镇江, Zhènjiāng), tauni ya Jurong (句容, Jùróng), mapiri a Maoshan (茅山, Máoshān).
Dera lotetezedwa: Dera lomwe lilipo pano la Jurong: matauni asanu ndi anayi — Tianwang, Maoshan, Houbai, Guozhuang, Baitu, Biancheng, Huayang, Baohua, Xiashu — ndi madera atatu apadera: madera a malo a Maoshan ndi Chishanhu ndi zone ya chitukuko cha zachuma cha Jurong. Umu ndi momwe chilengezo cha State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) No. 640 chimafotokozera.
Ma coordinates a malo: M’chilengezo — 118°59′–119°22′ E ndi “31°37′–31°12′ N”: malire akumpoto alembedwa ochepa kuposa akum’mwera. Izi ndi zolakwika polemba; poyang’ana malire tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malemba oyamba a chilengezo.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Tiyi wa Maoshan asanafike Changqing. Malinga ndi buku lina, dera la Maoshan linali ndi tiyi kuyambira nthawi ya Sui; pa nthawi ya Shunzhi (Qing) linali lodziwika ndi “qiancha” (乾茶) kuchokera pafupi ndi kachisi wa Qianyuan Guan (乾元观), m’zaka za Republic — “maoshan lu cha” (茅山麓茶) ya kampani ya Maolu. Bukuli limanenanso kuti tiyi wamtambo wa amonke a kachisi wa Fangshan Si (方山寺) ankasinthana ndi mpunga wa dani imodzi pa jin imodzi ya tiyi. Mu lipoti la China National Radio (2022), mbiri ya ulimi wa tiyi m’chigawochi imachokera ku nthawi ya Wei, Jin ndi Southern and Northern Dynasties. Sindinawone zolemba zomwe zimatsimikizira izi.
- 1983. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi, tiyi wobiriwira wonunkhira (烘青, hōngqīng) wa gulu loyamba la Maoshan Tea Farm adavomerezedwa ngati tiyi wabwino wa chigawo.
- 1986 kapena 1987. Unduna wa Zaulimi umanena kuti famu idapanga Maoshan Changqing mu 1986; buku lina limanena 1987. Sindinathetse kusiyana kumeneku.
- 2008. Bungwe la chigawo la mafakitale ndi malonda lidavomereza chizindikiro cha “茅山长青” ngati chizindikiro chodziwika cha Jiangsu (malinga ndi lipoti la China National Radio).
- 2019. Njira yopangira tiyi wamanja wa Maoshan (茅山手工茶制作技艺) idalembedwa m’ndandanda wa cholowa chosagwirika cha mzinda wa Zhenjiang. Iyi ndi njira yopangira tiyi wamanja wa Maoshan yonse, osati Changqing yekha.
- 2020. Mu Epulo, Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zinthu Zakumidzi udalemba Maoshan Changqing m’kaundula wa zizindikiro za malo aulimi; nambala ndi AGI02820.
- 2021–2022. Bungwe la tiyi la Jurong lidakhazikitsa malamulo oyang’anira chizindikiro, lidayambitsa kutsatira kwa zinthu za makampani 13 omwe ali ndi satifiketi ya “green product”, ndipo mu Marichi 2022 — mulingo wa gulu. M’kaundula wa miyezo ya magulu palinso kusintha kwa 2023 (T/JRCY 001-2023); sindinathe kutsegula malemba a mulingowo.
- 2025. CNIPA mwa chilengezo No. 640 cha pa 16 Julayi idavomereza ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo mayina 1409; Maoshan Changqing ali m’gululi.
Dzina: “Maoshan” (茅山) ndi mapiri kum’mwera kwa Jurong. “Changqing” (长青) ndi “wobiriwira kwamuyaya”, monga m’mawu akuti 万古长青 (“kukhala wobiriwira kwamuyaya”). Malinga ndi buku lina, dzinali lidaperekedwa pokumbukira nkhondo yolimbana ndi Japan m’dera la Maoshan.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi lipoti la China National Radio, Maoshan Changqing ali m’gulu la “tiyi khumi odziwika a Jiangsu” ndipo amakhalabe chizindikiro chachikulu cha chigawochi; mu 2022 gulu lowunika za malonda a tiyi lidayesa mtengo wa chizindikiro cha dera pa 1.624 biliyoni yuan. Maoshan amadziwika ngati phiri la Daoist, ndipo Unduna wa Zaulimi mu 2021 udaphatikiza njira ya “茅山长青” m’malangizo a chilimwe a zokopa alendo zakumidzi: paki ya tiyi, Maoshan Tea Farm ndi malo okumbukira zaka zankhondo.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mitundu yomwe chizindikiro chimalola sinanenedwe m’mabuku omwe ndidapeza. Maoshan Tea Farm, malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi, chaka chilichonse amabzala mahekitala 10–20 a mitundu yobzalidwa mwa clonal — Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43), Longjing Changye (龙井长叶, Lóngjǐng chángyè), Wuniu Zao (乌牛早, Wūniú zǎo) — m’malo mwa mtundu wakomweko wa Jurong.
Kututa: Masamba amatuluka mu Marichi.
Mulingo wa kututa: Malinga ndi mawu a wapampando wa bungwe la tiyi mu lipoti la 2022, tiyi wabwino kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba amodzi okha, wotsatira — kuchokera ku tsamba limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri m’chiwerengero china. Maoshan Changqing wokwera mtengo kwambiri wakumaloko (极品), malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, amatulutsa kilogalamu 1.5 pa hekitala imodzi.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, chizindikiro chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wopanga yemwe ali ndi satifiketi ya “green product”; feteleza makamaka ndi organic (udzu wovunda, manyowa), polimbana ndi tizilombo — misampha yokhala ndi kuwala ndi magulu achikasu omata.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Jurong ili pa 31st parallel. Dera la chigawochi ndi 1385 km²; kum’mwera kuli mapiri a Maoshan, kumpoto kuli mtunda wa Ningzhen. Malemba am’deralo amafotokoza mtunda ndi mawu oti “zigawo zisanu za mapiri, imodzi ya madzi, zinayi za minda” (五山一水四分田).
Nyengo: Subtropical monsoon, yokhala ndi nyengo zowonekera.
Dothi: Malinga ndi lipoti — mapiri otsika, mapiri ndi zitunda zokhala ndi acidity yoyenera ya dothi ndi mchere wambiri; nkhalango zambiri zapatsa zaka zambiri zinthu zambiri za organic.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe ndidapeza.
Kukula: Malinga ndi deta ya lipoti la 2022, minda ya tiyi ya Jurong ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 50,000, zokolola — pafupifupi matani 900 pachaka, mtengo wa zinthu — pafupifupi 0.5 biliyoni yuan. Izi ndi tiyi wonse wa chigawochi, osati Maoshan Changqing yekha.

5. Njira Yopangira

Lipoti la China National Radio limalemba izi ndipo limanena kuti mndandandawu si wokwanira (“ndi zina”); gwero silinapereke magawo:

Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa kuti atulutse chinyezi.
Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
Kuwongola masamba (理条, lǐtiáo): Masamba amawongoledwa kukhala mizere yowongoka.
Kupanga mawonekedwe (整形, zhěngxíng): Masamba amapangidwa kukhala athyathyathya ndi owongoka.
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

Tiyi amapangidwa ndi makina komanso pamanja: ku Jurong amachititsa maphunziro a njira zonsezi. Asanamangirire chizindikiro, gulu limawunikiridwa ndi akatswiri; gulu lomwe silinapambane silimalandira chizindikiro.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera mwachidule kuchokera m’buku lina:

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Athyathyathya, owongoka ndi owonda, obiriwira ngati emerald (外形扁直挺秀、色翠).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe ndidapeza.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Latsopano ndi lalitali (香气鲜高).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kolimbikitsa (鲜爽).
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wobiriwira pang’ono (汤色嫩绿).
Masamba otayidwa (pansi pa kapu): Owala, owala (叶底明亮).

Mulingo wa gulu wa 2022, malinga ndi lipoti la kutulutsidwa kwake, unasintha magulu atatu akale kukhala asanu: wapadera woyamba, wapadera wachiwiri, woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu. Pa wapadera woyamba, masamba ndi athyathyathya pang’ono, owonda ndi ofanana, mtundu ndi watsopano, wobiriwira ngati jade; fungo ndi loyera ndi lokongola, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kolimbikitsa, madzi a tiyi ndi obiriwira pang’ono ndi owala, pansi pa kapu ndi kobiriwira pang’ono, kowala ndi kofanana (条索微扁、挺秀、均齐，色泽翡翠鲜润；香气清香幽雅，滋味鲜爽，汤色嫩绿、明亮，叶底嫩绿、鲜亮、匀齐).

7. Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m’mabuku omwe ndidapeza.

8. Kukonza

Njira yachikale ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
2. Ikani tiyi ndi kuthira madzi m’mphepete.
3. Kuthira koyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
5. Onjezani madzi.
6. Kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yachikale. M’chotengera chotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku omwe ndidapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Yang’anani chomata cha chizindikiro: malinga ndi lipoti, pamakhala QR code yokhala ndi zambiri za chinthu ndi wopanga.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Jurong.
- Masamba ndi athyathyathya, owongoka, obiriwira ngati emerald; madzi a tiyi ndi obiriwira pang’ono.
- Osasokoneza ndi Maoshan Qingfeng (茅山青锋) — tiyi wina wa phiri lomwelo.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

M’dera lotetezedwa mwaphatikizidwa zone ya chitukuko cha zachuma cha Jurong — nthawi zambiri madera a tiyi amafotokozedwa ndi magulu akumidzi.
Latitude ya dera m’chilengezo idalembedwa molakwika: malire akumpoto ndi ochepa kuposa akum’mwera.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa Jiangsu

Maoshan Qingfeng (茅山青锋): Tiyi wobiriwira wa dera la Jintan m’chigawo cha Changzhou cha phiri lomwelo la Maoshan; dzina losiyana.
Jintan Queshe (金坛雀舌): Tiyi wobiriwira wa dera lomwelo la Jintan.
Nanjing Yuhua Cha (南京雨花茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa Nanjing woyandikana; adapangidwanso mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20.

Pomaliza:

Maoshan Changqing ndi tiyi wobiriwira wachinyamata wa Jurong, wopangidwa ndi Maoshan Tea Farm pakati pa zaka za m’ma 1980: masamba athyathyathya owongoka obiriwira ngati emerald, madzi obiriwira pang’ono ndi kukoma kwatsopano. Chizindikiro chake chimateteza chigawo chonse, kuchokera kumatauni akumapiri mpaka ku zone ya chitukuko cha zachuma, ndipo chomata chimalandiridwa ndi gulu lomwe lapambana kuwunikiridwa ndi akatswiri.

Magwero

Miyezo

T/JRCY 001-2023

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero