Bǐjià chá · thetea.app

Bi Jia Cha (Bǐjià chá, 笔架茶; m’malemba a chigawo ndi mzinda amatchedwanso 笔架山茶 - “tiyi ya phiri la Bijiashan”) ndi tiyi wa m’deralo wa phiri la Bijiashan (笔架山) m’tauni ya Taihe (太和镇) m’chigawo cha Qingxin (清新区) m’boma la Qingyuan (清远市), m’chigawo cha Guangdong. Malingana ndi luso lake, awa ndi tiyi wobiriwira, amene pambuyo pake amasungidwa kuti upsye. Luso lachikhalidwe, monga momwe chigawochi chimalongosolera, ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kuwotcha m’chitsulo chachitsulo, kupotoza ndi manja, kusuta utsi pamoto wotseguka wa nkhuni za paini, ndi kuyanika pa makala a mtengo mu dengu la nsungwi; tiyi womalizidwa ndiye amasungidwa. Luso lopanga lake - “笔架茶制作工艺” - linalowetsedwa mu 2018 m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe cha Guangdong, ndipo 笔架茶 yokha mu 2017 inalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa malonda a zigawo. M’malemba, lusoli linalembedwa pansi pa nthambi ya ulong, ndipo dongosolo la mzinda limatcha tiyi “tiyi wa kuthira mochedwa”, koma malongosoledwe a luso satsimikizira izi.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) wosungidwa kuti upsye. Gululi linatsimikiziridwa ndi luso, monga momwe mulingo wa dziko wa gulu la tiyi GB/T 30766-2014 umafunira: umagawa tiyi makamaka mwa njira yopangira. Tiyi wobiriwira mlingowu umamufotokoza ngati chopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba atsopano, omwe adutsa kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng), kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn) ndi kuyanika. Umu ndi momwe lusoli limalongosoledwera ndi zofalitsa za chigawochi, malemba a bungwe la chikhalidwe la chigawochi ndi mmodzi wa opanga: gawo loyamba la kutentha ndi kukhazikika, kenako kupotoza ndi kuyanika. Gawo la 做青 (zuòqīng), lomwe popanda ilo palibe ulong, ndi kunyowa kokhomera 渥堆 (wòduī), lomwe popanda ilo palibe tiyi wakuda, kulibe m’malongosoledwe aliwonse omwe apezeka. Mwa njira yoyanikira, tiyi wachikhalidwe ali pafupi ndi 烘青 (hōngqīng) - malinga ndi GB/T 30766-2014 awa ndi tiyi wobiriwira omwe amayanikidwa makamaka ndi kutentha (烘), osati ndi kuwotcha m’chitsulo kapena m’ngolo. Mlingo wa kampani wa mgwirizano wa phiri la Bijiashan, malinga ndi khadi la gulu la mlingo, umatchedwa “绿茶（笔架茶）”, “tiyi wobiriwira (Bi Jia Cha)”; m’ndandanda wa magawo ake kukhazikika kumatsogolera kufota (萎凋, wěidiāo), ndipo 做青 kulibe. Mu chilolezo cha chakudya cha mmodzi wa opanga, malinga ndi chidutswa cha ndondomeko yofufuzira ya boma, 笔架茶 inalembedwa m’gawo la tiyi wobiriwira.
Chifukwa chake m’malemba muli magulu ena: Magwero amasiyana m’mayina, osati m’malongosoledwe a luso. Mu ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe, lusoli linalowetsedwa ngati chowonjezera pa nthambi yodziwika “乌龙茶制作技艺” - “luso lopanga ulong”. Dongosolo la mzinda la chitukuko cha makampani a tiyi la 2013, malinga ndi chidutswa cha ndondomeko yofufuzira ya boma (chikalata chokhacho sichinatsegulidwe), chimatcha 笔架山茶 pamodzi ndi Pukeng Cha “后发酵茶” - “tiyi wa kuthira mochedwa”. Encyclopedia ya 360百科 imafotokoza malingaliro a katswiri wosatchulidwa dzina, yemwe anapita kuphiriko koyambirira kwa zaka za m’ma 1960, kuti 笔架茶 ndi wa 青茶, ndiye kuti wa ulong, ndipo ikulemba kuti njira yake “ndi yofanana pang’ono” ndi kupanga tiyi wofiira xiaozhong (小种红茶). Palibe limodzi la magwerowa lomwe limafotokoza 做青, kapena 渥堆, kapena oxidation ya masamba, ndipo luso monga momwe 360百科 yomweyo ikufotokozera limayamba ndi kukhazikika m’chitsulo chachitsulo. Chifukwa chake lusoli linalumikizidwa ndendende ndi nthambi ya ulong, magwero safotokoza. Sitheka kufotokoza izi ndi kusowa kwa luso la tiyi wobiriwira m’ndandanda: malinga ndi tsamba la zolemba zakale za chigawo, luso la tiyi wobiriwira 玉湖炒茶制作技艺 linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo kale mu 2012. Ngati pofika 2018 m’ndandandamo munalibe nthambi yodziwika “绿茶制作技艺”, sizinadziwike.
Gulu: “Tiyi wa kuphiri” wam’deralo wa chigawo, osati mtundu wa chitsamba kapena chizindikiro cha wopanga mmodzi. Mmodzi mwa “tiyi asanu ndi atatu a kuphiri” a Qingxin (八大山茶, bā dà shānchá), pamodzi ndi Pukeng Cha (蒲坑茶). Mndandanda wonse wa asanu ndi atatu umaperekedwa ndi kusindikiza kwa Guangdong “Nánfāng+” (南方+, 2022): 笔架茶、蒲坑茶、骆坑茶、石坎木古营茶、鱼坝风云茶、秦皇山茶、禾云飞鹅茶、石马大坑茶.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), boma la Qingyuan (清远, Qīngyuǎn), chigawo cha Qingxin (清新, Qīngxīn), tauni ya Taihe (太和, Tàihé), phiri la Bijiashan (笔架山, Bǐjià shān).
Dera lalikulu lopangira: Malinga ndi malemba a chigawo okhudza kulowetsa lusoli m’ndandanda wa chikhalidwe (2018), dera lalikulu lopangira (主要产地) ndi makomiti asanu ndi limodzi a midzi ya nkhalango ya Bijiashan (笔架林场, Bǐjià línchǎng): Kengkou (坑口), Kengwei (坑尾), Zhongshan (中山), Genzhuyuan (根竹园), Sankengtan (三坑滩) ndi Tianbian (田边). Gwero likunena za dera lalikulu, osati lokhalo; dera lovomerezeka mwalamulo lopangira silinatchulidwe m’magwero omwe apezeka. Momwe nkhalango imagwirizanirana ndi tauni ya Taihe pankhani ya kayendetsedwe, magwero safotokoza.
Si tiyi wa Yingde: Palibe gwero lililonse lomwe limayika Bi Jia Cha ku Yingde (英德) - mzinda wina wa chigawo chomwecho. “Nánfāng+” (2022) imagawa boma la Qingyuan m’magawo atatu a tiyi: tiyi wofiira wochokera ku Yingde, tiyi wobiriwira wa pamwamba kumpoto, ndi dera la tiyi ndi fungo losungidwa (陈香, chénxiāng) lochokera ku mitundu yapakati ndi yaing’ono ya masamba, makamaka m’chigawo cha Qingxin.
Malo a geographical coordinates: Sanatchulidwe m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Miyezo: Kufufuza mu nkhokwe ya dziko ya miyezo ya m’deralo pa 笔架茶 ndi 笔架山 sikunapereke zolemba. Malinga ndi makhadi a magulu a miyezo, pali mlingo wa gulu T/QYZL 9-2020 “清新笔架茶生产技术规程” - “Malamulo a luso la kupanga Qingxin Bi Jia Cha”, omwe adasindikizidwa pa 12 August 2020. Amakhudza kusankha malo, kubzala, nthaka ndi feteleza, kuumba chitsamba, kuteteza ku tizilombo, matenda ndi udzu, ndi kututa, koma sakonza za kukonza; magulu amasiyana pa dzina la bungwe lomwe linasindikiza. Malinga ndi khadi la gulu, mgwirizano wa 清远市清新区笔架山农业专业合作社 unasindikiza mlingo wa kampani Q/BJS 0002 S-2021 “绿茶（笔架茶）” pa 1 August 2021 ndipo unauyambitsa pa 1 September; tsiku lochotsa lomwelo gulu limatchula 18 October 2026. Malemba a miyezo yonse iwiri adawerengedwa pokha pokha mwa kufotokozera kwa magulu. “Nánfāng+” (2022) ikulemba kuti 笔架茶 ndi Pukeng Cha “pang’onopang’ono zakhala ndi malamulo a luso la kukonza”, koma safotokoza dzina la chikalata.
Chikhalidwe: Mwa chigamulo cha boma la chigawo cha Guangdong 粤府函〔2018〕116号 cha 12 May 2018 “笔架茶制作工艺” linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe - mu ndandanda wowonjezera, wolengezedwa pamodzi ndi gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri, monga chowonjezera pa nthambi Ⅷ－74 “乌龙茶制作技艺”; wopempha ndi chigawo cha Qingxin. Chigawocho chomwecho chimatcha izi kulowetsedwa mu gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri la chigawo. Udindowu umakhudza luso, osati mtundu kapena malonda.
Chizindikiro cha chigawo: Mwa chigamulo cha 15 November 2017 笔架茶 inalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wachiwiri wa chigawo wa zinthu zaulimi “zodziwika, zapadera, zabwino ndi zatsopano” za Guangdong (广东省第二届名特优新农产品目录) monga chizindikiro cha dera la boma la Qingyuan, malo 283. Mndandanda wa zizindikiro suli mlingo kapena chizindikiro cha geographical indication.
Geographical indication: Sizinatsimikizidwe: kaundula wa zizindikiro ndi geographical indications sunayang’anidwe.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthano za Tang. Zofalitsa za bungwe la chigawo (2025) ndi atolankhani amabwereza nthano yakuti kale mu mzera wa Tang (唐, Táng) tiyi wa phiri la Bijiashan ankapita kunyanja. Umboni wa zolembedwa m’magwero omwe apezeka palibe: iyi ndi nthano, osati mbiri yolembedwa.
- Ming ndi Qing. Nkhani ya m’mbiri yakomweko patsamba la chigawo cha Qingcheng cha boma lomwelo ikulemba kuti “kuyambira nthawi ya Ming ndi Qing” 笔架茶 pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zapadera za Qingyuan zidadziwika kudzera m’misewu yamalonda ya Shangguo ndi Xiaguo (上下廓街). Komwe mfundo zimenezi zachokera, nkhaniyo siyitchula.
- 2017. Chizindikiro cha chigawo mu ndandanda wa chigawo, malo 283.
- 2018. Luso - mu ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe.
- 2020–2021. Malinga ndi makhadi a magulu - mlingo wa gulu pa kulima ndi kututa (2020) ndi mlingo wa kampani “绿茶（笔架茶）” wa mgwirizano umodzi (2021).
- 2025. Makampani a chigawo adawonetsa 笔架茶 pamodzi ndi Pukeng Cha pa malo owonetsera “Qingxin Shānchá” pa chionetsero cha chaka cha China (Guangzhou) cha tiyi cha m’chaka ndi cha m’dzinja. Mu August, malinga ndi lipoti la dipatimenti ya chigawo ya “chikhalidwe chauzimu” (文明办), wonyamula luso pa phunziro la sukulu yamadzulo adafotokoza “masitepe asanu ndi awiri” a luso lachikhalidwe, “kukoma kwa utsi” (烟火味, yānhuǒwèi) wovomerezeka ndi kusungidwa (陈化, chénhuà); masitepe asanu ndi awiriwo sanatchulidwe mu lipotilo.
Dzina: 笔架 (bǐjià) - “choyikapo maburashi”, 山 (shān) - phiri, 茶 (chá) - tiyi. 笔架茶 - tiyi wa phiri la Bijiashan, “phiri la choyikapo maburashi”; chifukwa chake phirili limatchedwa choncho, m’magwero omwe adayang’anidwa sizinatchulidwe. M’malemba a chigawo ndi mzinda mulinso mawonekedwe athunthu 笔架山茶. Luso m’mndandanda wa chikhalidwe limatchedwa “笔架茶制作工艺”, komanso amapezeka “笔架茶制作技艺” ndi “笔架茶制茶工艺”. M’magwero omwe apezeka, dzina la tiyi mu zilembo zachi Latin limapezeka pokha mu maina achingelezi a nkhani zasayansi - Bijia Tea ndi BiJia Tea, popanda matani; kuwerenga ndi matani Bǐjià chá - ndi kwa mtanthauzira mawu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Bi Jia Cha ndi mmodzi mwa “tiyi asanu ndi atatu a kuphiri” a chigawo, omwe bungwe la chigawo la supply and marketing mu 2025 lidawawonetsa pamodzi pa nyengo ya chikhalidwe cha tiyi ya chigawo. Mu mudzi wa Kengkou (坑口村) wa tauni ya Taihe, malinga ndi lipoti la “Nánfāng+” (2022), 笔架茶 ikukulitsidwa pansi pa pulogalamu ya “mudzi umodzi - chinthu chimodzi” (一村一品, yī cūn yī pǐn) motsogozedwa ndi kampani ya tiyi yakomweko. Kusungidwa chigawochi kumachiwona ngati phindu: ponena za “tiyi asanu ndi atatu a kuphiri” onse amalemba kuti pamene tiyi akusungidwa kwautali, mumakonda kwambiri kumwa.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu wolembetsedwa sunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe apezeka; chitsamba chomwe chili maziko a tiyi sichinatsimikizidwe ndi malemba omwe adayang’anidwa. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa gulu, mlingo wa kampani wa mgwirizano umakhudza masamba a tiyi wam’deralo wa kuphiri la Bijiashan (本土茶, běntǔ chá) kapena mitundu yapakati ndi yaing’oni ya masamba. Nkhani ya sayansi ya 2019 ikufanizira kupeza mbande za 笔架茶 kudzera mu kachitidwe ka minyewa ndi kubzala mbeu wamba ndi cuttings.
Kututa: Malinga ndi lipoti la wailesi yakanema ya chigawo (2017), amatuta tiyi wa m’chaka choyambirira - chisanafike chikondwerero cha Qingming (明前, míngqián), pamene tsamba la “lotseguka pang’ono” (半开面, bàn kāimiàn). Nthawi zina zotuta magwero satchula.
Mlingo wa kututa: Kaphukira kamodzi ndi masamba awiri - umu ndi momwe amalemba lipoti la wailesi yakanema ya chigawo (2017) ndi nyuzipepala (2022) kuchokera ku mawu a mkulu wa imodzi mwa makampani. Mmodzi wa opanga m’chigawochi amalola kaphukira kamodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena awiri: tsamba lofewa kwambiri, malinga ndi mawu ake, “silipereka kukoma kwa 笔架茶”, ndipo tsamba lolimba kwambiri limawononga kukoma. Mlingo wa gulu wa 2020 umaphatikizapo malamulo a kututa, koma malemba ake sanawerengedwe.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zofunikira za kalembedwe m’malemba omwe adawerengedwa palibe. Mchitidwe wa kampani imodzi ndi wodziwika: malinga ndi mawu a mkulu wake (2022), masamba amakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo, osawasiya usiku - “kuchokera m’munda kupita ku kapu osapitirira maola 24”, ndipo kuchokera ku jin isanu (斤, jīn) za masamba atsopano nthawi zambiri amapeza jin imodzi ya tiyi wa m’chaka. Ichi ndi mchitidwe wa kampani imodzi mu nyengo imodzi, osati kufunikira pa zopangira za Bi Jia Cha.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Phiri la Bijiashan mu tauni ya Taihe m’chigawo cha Qingxin. Chigawochi chimatchula phirili m’gulu la malo atatu osungira zachilengedwe a mzinda (市级自然保护区) a Qingxin, ndipo dipatimenti ya chigawo ya chikhalidwe ndi zokopa alendo imatchula malo okopa alendo a phiri la Bijiashan m’gulu la zinthu za tauniyi.
Zomera: Chigawocho (2018) chimalemba kuti phirili ndi lolemera ndi zomera ndi madzi, ndipo mapiri ake ndi odzaza ndi paini ndi nsungwi (漫山松竹, mànshān sōngzhú). Izi zimalongosola kuti 笔架茶 ali ndi kachiphuphu ka “paini ndi nsungwi” mu fungo lake kuposa Pukeng Cha.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Kutalika kwa minda ya tiyi magwero safotokoza. Phiri lalikulu kwambiri ndi Huajian (花尖峰), pafupifupi 740 m pamwamba pa nyanja, malinga ndi lipoti la bungwe la chigawo (2025).
Nyengo: Zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka palibe.
Nthaka: Zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka palibe.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Mlingo wa chigawo wa kukonza sunapezeke: mlingo wa gulu wa 2020 umayang’anira kulima ndi kututa kokha. Njira yachikhalidwe imadziwika kudzera m’malongosoledwe afupipafupi a chigawo, wopanga mmodzi ndi wailesi yakanema ya chigawo. Njira zina, kupatula manambala ochepa a mlimi wa tiyi ndi wopanga, magwero satchula, ndipo ndondomeko ya ntchito zina m’malongosoledwe imasiyana. Ndemanga ya 2017, yomwe ili ndi gawo la kukonza, idawerengedwa pokha pokha mu chidule.

Njira yachikhalidwe:

Kututa ndi kuyanika pang’ono. Malinga ndi mawu a mlimi wa tiyi mu lipoti la wailesi yakanema ya chigawo (2017), tsamba lotutidwa poyamba limayanikidwa kuchotsa chinyezi (待水分晾干). Gawo la 做青 - kukonza mwamakina, pamene, malinga ndi GB/T 30766-2014, m’mphepete mwa tsamba amawonongeka ndipo pang’ono amathira oxidation - kulibe m’malongosoledwe aliwonse.
Kukhazikika m’chitsulo chachitsulo (铁镬炒青, tiěhuò chǎoqīng). Tsamba limawotchedwa m’chitsulo chachitsulo kuti kuleke kugwira ntchito kwa ma enzymes ake. Mlimi wa tiyi yemweyo amasunga chitsulo “pa madigiri opitirira mazana atatu” (300多度); gawo loyezera lipotilo silitchula. Wopanga amalemba kuti pambuyo pa kukhazikika tsamba limaziziritsidwa kenako nkupotozedwa.
Kupotoza ndi manja (手工揉捻, shǒugōng róuniǎn). Malinga ndi mawu a mlimi wa tiyi, tsamba limapotozedwa kumbali imodzi kwa mphindi pafupifupi 15, mpaka litapindika mu zingwe (条索, tiáosuǒ).
Kusuta utsi wa paini (松柴明火烟熏, sōngchái mínghuǒ yānxūn). Tsamba limasungidwa pamwamba pa moto wotseguka wa nkhuni za paini, kuti litenge utsi. Nthaŵi yanji - magwero amasiyana: malemba a chigawo okhudza lusoli (2018) amaika kusuta utsi pambuyo pa kukhazikika ndi kupotoza koyamba, pamene wailesi yakanema ya chigawo imati nthawi yowotcha m’chitsulo, pakusakaniza tsamba mwachangu. Wopanga amalemba kuti pakusuta utsi pamoto wa paini tsamba limatembenuzidwa mphindi zilizonse 10.
Kuyanika pa makala mu dengu la nsungwi (竹箩炭火焙干, zhúluó tànhuǒ bèigān). Malinga ndi mawu a mlimi wa tiyi, pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndi kusakaniza mphindi zilizonse 10, mpaka tsamba litakhala lakuda buluu (乌黑, wūhēi). Wopanga amafotokoza mtundu wa tiyi woyamba womalizidwa ngati “imvi-yakuda ndi zobiriwira” (灰黑色带青).
Kusunga (藏茶, cángchá). Chigawochi chikuwonetsa kusunga pakati pa magawo a luso, ndipo mu lipoti la 2025 wonyamula luso amalankhula za kusungidwa (陈化). Wopanga amalemba kuti tiyi woyamba (毛茶, máochá) samamwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo amasungidwa m’matumba kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu; mlimi wa tiyi amalangiza pafupifupi zaka zitatu; 360百科 imatchula chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nthawi imodzi magwero safotokoza.

Mlingo wa kampani. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa gulu, mlingo Q/BJS 0002 S-2021 wa mgwirizano wa phiri la Bijiashan umafotokoza kupanga “tiyi wobiriwira (笔架茶)” kudzera mu kufota (萎凋), kukhazikika, kupotoza, kuswa mitu (解块, jiěkuài), kuwotcha koyamba (初次炒干, chūcì chǎogān), kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān) ndi, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukonza (精制, jīngzhì). Njira m’mawu ofotokozera palibe, kusuta utsi ndi kusunga m’ndandanda wa magawo kulibe. Uwu ndi mlingo wa mgwirizano umodzi, osati tanthauzo la kalembedwe.

Chifukwa chake kusungidwa sikupangitsa tiyi kukhala wakuda. GB/T 30766-2014 imatanthauzira tiyi wakuda kudzera mu kunyowa kokhomera (渥堆) - kusunga tsamba mu mulu pa kutentha ndi chinyezi zinazake, pamene kapangidwe kake kamasintha pang’onopang’ono. M’malongosoledwe a kusunga Bi Jia Cha kulibe milu kapena kunyowa: tiyi wouma womalizidwa amasungidwa m’matumba. Chifukwa chake Bi Jia Cha wosungidwa malinga ndi luso amakhalabe wobiriwira, ngakhale dongosolo la mzinda la 2013 limamutcha “tiyi wa kuthira mochedwa”.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kuyesa kokhazikika kwa kukoma m’magwero omwe apezeka kulibe. Pansipa pali mawu achikhalidwe a ubwino, omwe amabwerezedwa kuchokera ku malemba ena kupita ku ena (malemba a chigawo okhudza lusoli a 2018, lipoti la bungwe la chigawo la 2025), ndi mafotokozedwe otsatsa. Awa ndi mafotokozedwe, osati zotsatira za miyeso; amene adayesa, amatchulidwa pa mfundo iliyonse.

Maonekedwe a tsamba lalouma: Malinga ndi mawu a chigawo - zingwe zopota zolimba (条索紧结, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié), mtundu wakuda, wonyezimira, ndi zobiriwira (乌润带青, wūrùn dài qīng). Wopanga amafotokoza mtundu wa tiyi woyamba ngati imvi-yakuda ndi zobiriwira, mlimi wa tiyi - ngati wakuda buluu.
Fungo la tsamba lalouma: Mafotokozedwe apadera palibe. Malinga ndi mawu a mlimi wa tiyi, tiyi watsopano ali ndi fungo la utsi, lomwe pakatha miyezi ingapo limatsala pang’ono kutha.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Malinga ndi mawu a chigawo - loyera, lalitali ndi lokhazikika (香气清长持久, xiāngqì qīngcháng chíjiǔ). Chigawochi chimalemba kuti 笔架茶 ali ndi kachiphuphu ka “paini ndi nsungwi” mu fungo lake kuposa Pukeng Cha. Lipoti la 2025 la phunziro ndi wonyamula luso limatcha “kukoma kwa utsi” (烟火味) monga khalidwe lovomerezeka la lusoli.
Kukoma: Malinga ndi mawu a chigawo - kotsitsimula ndi kosalala, ndi kutsekemera (滋味爽口而滑，带甜甘味); ndipo pambuyo pa kutsanulira khumi kutsekemera kumakhalabe (冲泡上十次，甘味犹存). Mkulu wa imodzi mwa makampani (2023) amatcha kukoma kotsitsimula ndi kosalala, ndipo lipoti la tsamba la chigawo la chionetsero cha 2025 - kokhuthala, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (醇厚回甘, chúnhòu huígān).
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Malinga ndi mawu a chigawo - wofiira bulauni, wowonekera ndi wowala (棕红透亮, zōnghóng tòuliàng); mkulu wa kampani - “wofiira bulauni, wosazika”. Kwa tiyi ambiri obiriwira mtundu wotere siwachilendo; ngati ukugwirizana ndi kusuta utsi ndi kusungidwa, magwero safotokoza.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopangidwa): Malinga ndi mawu a chigawo - lofanana (叶底匀整, yèdǐ yúnzhěng). Mafotokozedwe ena palibe.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zambiri za physicochemical za Bi Jia Cha - polyphenols, ma amino acid, caffeine - m’malemba omwe adawerengedwa palibe. Nkhani zitatu za sayansi ndi zodziwika, zowerengedwa pokha mu zidule:

Mitundu (2010). Nkhani mu magazini ya “食品研究与开发” imachotsa kuchokera ku “清远笔架茶” mitundu ndi kutentha ndi zosungunulira za organic, imadziwa iwo ndikuphunzira kukhazikika. Ziwerengero za nkhaniyi palibe pano: malemba athunthu sanawerengedwe.
Ndemanga (2017). “清远笔架茶发展综述” mu magazini ya “广东茶业” imakhudza mbiri, njira za kulima, kukonza, makhalidwe a ubwino, mkhalidwe wa makampani ndi kafukufuku.
Kubereketsa (2019). Nkhani mu magazini ya Qingyuan Polytechnic College (清远职业技术学院学报) ikufanizira kupeza mbande kudzera mu kachitidwe ka minyewa ndi kubzala ndi cuttings wamba.

Monga kwa tiyi ambiri obiriwira, pakati pa zinthu zazikulu zosungunuka nthawi zambiri amatchula catechins, ma amino acid, kuphatikizapo L-theanine, ndi caffeine. Momwe kusuta utsi ndi kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri kumasinthira izi kwa Bi Jia Cha, m’magwero omwe apezeka sikunayesedwe.

8. Zopindulitsa

Zambiri zotsimikiziridwa za momwe tiyi ameneyu amachitira pa thupi palibe: nkhani za sayansi zomwe zapezeka zimakhudza mitundu, kubereketsa chitsamba ndi chitukuko cha makampani, osati momwe tiyi amachitira pa thupi. Malemba am’deralo mwachikhalidwe amawonjezera pa mawu a ubwino malingaliro a anthu okhudza mphamvu yochiritsa ya tiyi; awa ndi mawu ofotokozera, osati zinthu zotsimikiziridwa, ndipo encyclopedia sazibwereza. Malingaliro odziwika okhudza ubwino wa tiyi wobiriwira kwa Bi Jia Cha wosungidwa ndi wosuta utsi sanayesedwe ndipo safotokozedwa pano.

9. Kupanga Tiyi

Zambiri za kupanga tiyi wa Bi Jia Cha ndendende m’magwero omwe apezeka palibe; zimadziwika kokha kuti, malinga ndi mawu achikhalidwe a chigawo, kutsekemera kumakhalabe ngakhale pambuyo pa kutsanulira khumi. Pansipa pali mchitidwe, monga kwa tiyi ambiri obiriwira a ku China. Kwa tiyi wosungidwa ndi wosuta utsi sunayesedwe, ndipo njira zam’deralo zopangira sizidziwika.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C, monga kwa tiyi ambiri obiriwira.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: Pafupifupi 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) kapena galasi lagalasi.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa chidebe ndi madzi otentha.
2. Thirani tiyi.
3. Kutsuka kwa tiyi watsopano wobiriwira nthawi zambiri sikofunikira; ngati kuli kofunikira kwa Bi Jia Cha wosungidwa, magwero safotokoza.
4. Kupanga koyamba - masekondi 30-60.
5. Tsanulirani madzi onse ndikugawa mu makapu.
6. Bwerezani kutsanulira, ndikuwonjezera pang’onopang’ono nthawi yopangira; zambiri zotsimikiziridwa za kuchuluka kwa zomwe tiyi angalimbane nazo palibe - mawu a chigawo amangolonjeza kutsekemera ngakhale pambuyo pa kutsanulira kwakhumi.

10. Kusunga

Kusungidwa ndi gawo la chikhalidwe (onani gawo 5): tiyi woyamba, malinga ndi mawu a wopanga, amasungidwa m’matumba kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, malinga ndi magwero ena - kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zitatu. Zinthu za kusungidwa - kutentha, chinyezi, zidebe, kupatula matumba - magwero safotokoza. Malangizo wamba a tiyi watsopano wobiriwira - kutseka bwino ndi firiji pa 0–5 °C - amapangidwa kusunga kutsitsimuka ndipo kwa tiyi amene amasungidwa mwadala, safotokoza mwachindunji. Momwe mungasungire tiyi wosungidwa kale, magwero safotokoza; monga tiyi aliyense, amayenera kutetezedwa ku chinyezi, kuwala ndi fungo lachilendo.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Mitengo m’magwero omwe apezeka palibe. Njira zozindikira zonyenga magwero safotokoza; pansipa pali zomwe zingayerekezedwe ndi mfundo zodziwika.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Yang’anani chiyambi: phiri la Bijiashan, tauni ya Taihe m’chigawo cha Qingxin, boma la Qingyuan, chigawo cha Guangdong. Mapiri a dzina lomwelo 笔架山 alinso m’madera ena - mwachitsanzo, mu chigawo cha Luoyuan m’chigawo cha Fujian - ndipo alibe ubale ndi Bi Jia Cha.
- Musasokoneze ndi tiyi wa Yingde: uwu ndi mzinda wina wa chigawo chomwecho, ndipo Bi Jia Cha sawayikako.
- Musawone chizindikiro cha chigawo ngati chitsimikizo: malo 283 a ndandanda wa chigawo suli mlingo kapena geographical indication, ndipo udindo wa indication kwa 笔架茶 sunatsimikizidwe.
- Funsani njira: tiyi wachikhalidwe amasuta utsi wa paini ndipo amasungidwa, koma m’ndandanda wa magawo a mlingo wa kampani, monga momwe gulu limafotokozera, palibe kusuta utsi kapena kusungidwa. Dzina ndi limodzi, njira ndi zosiyana.
- Khalani osamala ndi zomwe akuti zasungidwa: njira yopezera wogula yotsimikizira nthawi yake magwero satchula.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

Luso la tiyi wobiriwira malinga ndi luso linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe pansi pa nthambi yodziwika “luso lopanga ulong”; chifukwa chake, magwero safotokoza.
Kachiphuphu ka paini ndi nsungwi mu fungo chigawochi chimalongosola ndi kuti mapiri a phiri la Bijiashan ndi odzaza ndi paini ndi nsungwi.
Tiyi watsopano, malinga ndi mawu a mlimi wa tiyi, ali ndi fungo la utsi, lomwe pakatha miyezi ingapo limatsala pang’ono kutha, ndipo tiyi woyamba, malinga ndi mawu a wopanga, samamwa nkomwe nthawi yomweyo.
M’magwero omwe apezeka zilembo zachi Latin Bijia, popanda matani, zimapezeka pokha mu maina achingelezi a nkhani zasayansi za tiyi; kuwerenga kwa dzina ndi matani - ndi kwa mtanthauzira mawu.
Phiri-”choyikapo maburashi” - 笔架山 - toponym silokhalo lokha: mapiri a dzina lomwelo alinso m’madera ena a China.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Wofanana

Pukeng Cha (蒲坑茶): “Tiyi wa kuphiri” woyandikana naye wa chigawo chomwecho kuchokera ku tauni ina - Shitan (石潭); m’mndandanda wa chikhalidwe ndi m’ndandanda wa zizindikiro, tiyi awiriwa ali ndi malo osiyana. Mu encyclopedia, Pukeng Cha akufotokozedwa ngati tiyi wakuda: nkhani ya sayansi ya 2026 imamupatsa kukhazikika ndi nthunzi ndi kunyowa kokhomera, pamene kwa Bi Jia Cha kukhomera kulibe m’malongosoledwe aliwonse. Koma mafotokozedwe a Pukeng Cha amasiyana, mwa ena mwake - kukhazikika m’chitsulo ndi kuyanika pamwamba pa nkhuni za paini, monga kwa Bi Jia Cha, chifukwa chake momwe luso limasiyanirana kwenikweni, magwero sakuwonetsa mosapita m’mbali. Makhalidwe ofanana - utsi wa paini ndi kusungidwa; chigawochi chimalemba kuti 笔架茶 ali ndi fungo la “paini ndi nsungwi” lochuluka.
Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种): Tiyi wofiira, amene amayanikidwa pamwamba pa utsi wa paini. 360百科 ikulemba kuti njira ya 笔架茶 “ndi yofanana pang’ono” ndi kupanga xiaozhong, koma tiyi wofiira amathira oxidation, pamene kwa Bi Jia Cha gawo loyamba la kutentha ndi kukhazikika.
Ulong (乌龙): Pansi pa nthambi yodziwika “luso lopanga ulong” lusoli linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe, koma gawo la 做青, lomwe mlingo umatanthauzira ulong, m’malongosoledwe a Bi Jia Cha kulibe.
Hei Cha (黑茶): Dongosolo la mzinda la 2013 limatcha 笔架山茶 “tiyi wa kuthira mochedwa”, koma kunyowa kokhomera, komwe mlingo umatanthauzira tiyi wakuda, kwa Bi Jia Cha sikunafotokozedwe.
Kejia Chao Lü (客家炒绿) ndi Xinyi He Luo Lü Cha (信宜合箩绿茶): Tiyi ena obiriwira a Guangdong, omwe, malinga ndi nkhani za encyclopedia za iwo, amasungidwanso. Uku ndi kufanana kwa mchitidwe, osati ubale.
Ying De Hong Cha (英德红茶) ndi Yingde Lü Cha (英德绿茶): Tiyi wofiira ndi wobiriwira wa mzinda wa Yingde wa boma lomwelo la Qingyuan.

Pomaliza:

Bi Jia Cha ndi tiyi wam’deralo wa phiri la Bijiashan m’chigawo cha Qingxin, luso lomwe kuyambira 2018 lili m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa chikhalidwe cha Guangdong, ndipo dzina lake mu 2017 linalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa chigawo wa zizindikiro za zigawo. Malinga ndi luso awa ndi tiyi wobiriwira: m’njira yachikhalidwe tsamba limakhazikika m’chitsulo chachitsulo, limapotozedwa ndi manja, limasuta utsi wa paini, limayanikidwa pa makala mu dengu la nsungwi ndipo limasungidwa kwa zaka. Mayina a “ulong” ndi “tiyi wa kuthira mochedwa” m’malemba alipo, koma safotokozedwa ndi malongosoledwe a luso.

Kwa amene amadziwa tiyi wobiriwira kuchokera ku kututa kwatsopano kwa m’chaka, Bi Jia Cha ndi kuphatikiza kwachilendo: utsi wa paini, kusungidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndi kutsekemera, komwe mawu a chigawo amalonjeza ngakhale pambuyo pa kutsanulira kwakhumi. Zambiri zidakali zotseguka: malemba athunthu a ndemanga ya 2017, “masitepe asanu ndi awiri” a lusoli, malemba a miyezo, chitsamba chomwe amapangira tiyi, ndi kukoma mwa kuyesa kokhazikika, osati mwa mawu achikhalidwe.

Magwero

Miyezo

GB/T 30766-2014
T/QYZL 9-2020

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Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero