Zhāopíng yínshān chá

Zhāopíng yínshān chá (Zhāopíng yínshān chá, 昭平银杉茶) “umuthi oyisiliva wase Zhāopíng”, itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase Zhāopíng (昭平县) esifundeni sasedolobheni lase Hèzhōu empumalanga ye-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ithi itiye eliluhlaza elisha elidumile lase Guangxi. Igama lavela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, lapho izimboni zendawo zaqala ukwenza itiye ngendlela efana ne-lóngjǐng, liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, liluhlaza, linoboya obumhlophe, babese beliqamba ngokufana kweqabunga elomile nenaliti yesihlahla se-杉; ngeminyaka yawo-1990 isifunda sakha izinga lobuchwepheshe lalo. Ukubukeka ngokwencazelo: iqabunga elicishe libe yisicaba, elimbozwe uboya, lapho kuvela khona ukuluhlaza, uketshezi oluluhlaza okotshani olukhanyayo, iphunga elihlanzekile elicebile kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile okuhlanzekile. Kusukela ngo-2010 igama livikelwe uphawu lwezolimo lwe-geographical indication kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 linesikhundla somkhiqizo one-geographical indication.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isimemezelo sika-2025 asisho isigaba; incazelo yophawu lwezolimo (2010) ibiza leli tiye ngokuthi “itiye eliluhlaza elisha elidumile lase Guangxi” (新创制发展的广西名优绿茶), futhi izinto ezikhishwayo ziqhathaniswa nejwayelekile lezinga letiye eliluhlaza.
• Isigaba: Itiye elisha elidumile lase Guangxi; uphawu lwezolimo lwe-geographical indication kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi (2010), umkhiqizo one-geographical indication (2025).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Hèzhōu (贺州, Hèzhōu), isifunda sase Zhāopíng (昭平县, Zhāopíng Xiàn).
• Indawo evikelwe: Isithasiselo sesimemezelo siyichaza kabili. Ngohlu lwamagama izindawo eziyishumi nambili kanye namalokishi: Zhāopíng, Wénzhú, Xiānhuí, Zǒumǎ, Wǔjiāng, Mǎjiāng, Mùgé, Huángyáo, Fùluó, Běituó, Zhāngmùlín kanye ne Fènghuáng, futhi kuzo kunamadolobhana angu-128. Ngamaphuzu asekugcineni empumalanga kuyidolobhana i-Yíngpán lokugcina i-Fènghuáng, eningizimu idholobhana i-Nánlùpō lokugcina i-Mùgé, entshonalanga idholobhana i-Máopíng lokugcina i-Xiānhuí, enyakatho idholobhana i-Qíchōng lokugcina i-Wénzhú. Uhlu olufanayo lunikezwa nayincazelo yophawu lwezolimo.
• Izixhumanisi zejografi: 110°30′–111°19′ empumalanga, 23°39′–24°24′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Umlando wokuqala. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ikhuphula ukutshalwa kwetiye kwa-Zhāopíng emuva enkathini ye-Song.
  • Ngawo-1970 ukuzalwa kwegama. Izimboni zetiye zendawo zaqala ukwenza itiye ngobuchwepheshe be-lóngjǐng: iqabunga elomile laliphuma licishe libe yisicaba futhi liqondile, liluhlaza, linoboya obumhlophe. Ngokwezinhlobo lalibizwa “inaliti yesiliva” (银针) kanye “naliti ye-jade” (碧玉针), bese kuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama “Yínshān Chá” iqabunga elomile, ngokwencazelo, “lifana kakhulu nenaliti yesihlahla se-杉”.
  • Ekupheleni kwawo-1970. Kwafika izinhlobo zama-clone ezifundeni ezinokuvuleka kwamahlumela ngokuhlanganyela amahle iqabunga le-Yínshān Chá laba lilinganayo.
  • Ngawo-1990 izinga. Isifunda senza itiye elinye lezimboni eziholayo zohlelo lwaso lwezolimo. Ngokusekelwe embonini yetiye yase Jiāngjūnfēng (将军峰茶厂), ngosizo lobuchwepheshe lwe-South China Agricultural University, kwenziwa izinga lobuchwepheshe “昭平银杉茶”.
  • Kusukela ngo-2004. Isifunda njalo ngonyaka, cishe zingama-28 kuNdasa, siqhuba “Umkhosi Wenkosi Yetiye” wase Guangxi (Zhāopíng), umlingiswa oyinhloko wawo, ngokwencazelo yophawu, kwakuyi-Yínshān Chá.
  • 2007. Itiye elingaphansi kohlobo lwe “Jiāngjūnfēng Yínshān” (将军峰银杉) lathola indondo yegolide emncintiswaneni wamatiye aluhlaza adumile we-World Green Tea Conference e-Japan.
  • Imncintiswano yesi-VIII neyesi-IX ye “Zhōngchá bēi”. Imiklomelo yokuqala emncintiswaneni kazwelonke wamatiye aluhlaza adumile (中茶杯).
  • 2010. Mhla zingama-25 kuNdasa uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo № 1364 wabhalisa i-Zhāopíng Yínshān Chá njengophawu lwezolimo lwe-geographical indication (inombolo AGI00257); ngawo lowo nyaka i-State Administration for Industry and Commerce yabhalisa uphawu lwesitifiketi “昭平银杉” (№ 8051378, umnikazi: I-Chama Yetiye Yesifunda sase Zhāopíng, 昭平县茶叶协会).
  • 2025. Ngesimemezelo № 640 i-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) yagqama leli gama njengomkhiqizo one-geographical indication; kuleso simemezelo futhi kunamagama angu-1409.
• Igama:
  • “Zhāopíng” (昭平) yigama lesifunda.
  • “Yínshān” (银杉, yínshān) “umuthi oyisiliva”; ngaleli gama e-China babiza isihlahla se-coniferous esiyinsalela i-cathaya (Cathaya argyrophylla). Incazelo yophawu ichaza igama kalula: iqabunga elomile “lifana kakhulu nenaliti yesihlahla se-杉” (杉树).
  • “Chá” (茶, chá) “itiye”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwencazelo yophawu, ekupheleni kwawo-2000 i-Yínshān Chá yaba esifundeni igama elifanayo netiye lase Zhāopíng. Endaweni yalo kukhona nedolobhana lase Huángyáo (黄姚) idolobhana elidala elidume kakhulu, manje eliyindawo yezivakashi: indawo yetiye nendawo yezivakashi lapha ziyahlangana.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Uhlobo / Cultivar: Incazelo yophawu idinga izinhlobo zama-clone zeqembu eliphakathi nendawo noma elincane, ezifanele i-Zhāopíng, zendawo noma ezilethwayo; ukuqoqwa kwazo kufanele kuqale kungakadluli ekuqaleni kukaNdasa. Izinhlobo ezithile aziqanjwanga.
• Izinga lokuqoqa: Ngokwencazelo yophawu kunezigaba ezintathu. Kwesiphezulu, uhlobo “oluyigugu” (珍品) amahlumela awodwa; okhethekile ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka; okwejwayelekile i-Yínshān Chá ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa. Amahlumela kufanele abe mnandi, alingane futhi anoboya.
• Ukuqoqa: Intwasahlobo ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, ikwindla ngo-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba. Iqabunga eliqoqwe kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba lisetshenziselwa i-máojiān namanye amatiye.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela amancane ezinhlobo zama-clone atshalwe esifundeni, ngaphandle kokonakala, iphunga langaphandle kanye nokungcola.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo (2010):

• Isifunda: Empumalanga ye-Guangxi; imifula yesifunda cishe yonke ingeyesigodi sase Guìjiāng (桂江).
• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile 19.9 °C, isamba samazinga okushisa asebenzayo angaphezu kwe-10 °C 6953 °C, imvula 2046.6 mm ngonyaka, umswakama ohlobene 81 %. Ubusika bufudumele, ihlobo alishisi, amafu nenkungu kuhlala unyaka wonke.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Amagquma nezintaba eziphansi ngaphansi kwe-800 m; imithambeka engaphansi kwezinsimu ayikho ngaphezu kwe-25°.
• Inhlabathi: Izintaba ezibomvu-ophuzi nophuzi, phezu kwamadwala e-sand-shale kanye nakwizidalwa zemifula kanye nemithambeka; ikhipha amanzi kahle, i-pH 5.0–6.5, izinto eziphilayo 2.5–3.4 %.
• Indawo: Izindawo eziyishumi nambili kanye namalokishi, amadolobhana angu-128; esithasiselweni sika-2025 umngcele ubuye ubekwe ngamadolobhana amane asekugcineni kanye nohlaka lwezixhumanisi.
• Isilinganiso: Ngokwencazelo yophawu, ngo-2010 ngaphansi kwe-Yínshān Chá kwakungu-8000 ha.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibeka uhlelo: ukulaliswa kweqabunga elisha → ukunqanyulwa kokuluhlaza → ukupholisa → ukugazingwa kokuqala ngokulinganisa → ukomiswa kwesibili ngokubumba → ukomiswa okuphelele → ukuhlunga → ukupakisha. Ekukhiqizeni ngesandla inikeza nemingcele.

• Ukulaliswa kweqabunga elisha (摊放 tānfàng): Amahora ama-2–4 endaweni epholile enomoya.
• Ukunqanyulwa kokuluhlaza (杀青 shāqīng): Epanini likagesi cishe ku-140 °C, imizuzu emi-3–5 yokuphenduka okusheshayo kuze kube iqabunga liba lithambile futhi liluhlaza okumnyama, nephunga lotshani lishintsha libe iphunga elihlanzekile.
• Ukupholisa (摊凉 tānliáng): Imizuzu emi-5–6, ukuze iqabunga lingaphuzi.
• Ukugazingwa kokuqala ngokulinganisa (初炒理条 chūchǎo lǐtiáo): Ipani ku-80–90 °C; iqabunga liyacindezelwa futhi lidonswe, kuze kube yimichilo eqondile, ecisha ibe yisicaba, nomswakama wehlele ku-40 %.
• Ukomiswa kwesibili ngokubumba (复干做形 fùgān zuòxíng): Iqabunga liphinde licindezelwe epanini, kuncishiswa ingcindezi, kuze kube womile ngo-70–80 %.
• Ukomiswa okuphelele (烘足干 hōng zúgān): Cishe ku-50 °C, kuze kube umswakama ungaphansi kwe-6 %.
• Ukuhlunga (精选 jīngxuǎn): Ukususwa kwemvuthuluka nokuhlukaniswa ngesandla ngokwezinhlobo.
• Ukupakisha.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo: 外形微扁、披毫隐绿，汤色嫩绿明亮，清香浓郁，滋味纯爽，叶底绿亮、肥嫩露芽. Isikhungo sokulawula ikhwalithi yetiye soMnyango Wezolimo ekuhloleni savuma ukuthi itiye “linesitayela setiye elidumile” futhi salichaza ngamazwi aso; ithebula laleyo ncazelo lihlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu “oluyigugu” (珍品), okhethekile (特级) kanye nojwayelekile.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Licishe libe yisicaba, limbozwe uboya, lapho kuvela khona ukuluhlaza (微扁、披毫隐绿). Ngokuhlolwa likhulu futhi liminyene, liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, linokuluhlaza okufihlekile nokucwebezela (肥壮，条直微扁，隐绿润泽).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo ezitholakala emithonjeni.
• Iphunga loketshezi: Lihlanzekile futhi licebile (清香浓郁); ngokuhlolwa lihlanzekile futhi liphakeme (清高). Ohlotsheni oluphezulu kunephunga elisha elimnene (鲜嫩香).
• Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kuhlanzekile (纯爽); ngokuhlolwa kusha futhi kuthambile (鲜醇). Ohlotsheni oluphezulu kunambitheka kamnandi ngemva (回味甘甜).
• Umbala woketshezi: Uluhlaza okotshani futhi ukhanyayo (嫩绿明亮).
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Luluhlaza futhi lukhanyayo, namahlumela amnandi (绿亮、肥嫩露芽); ngokuhlolwa likhulu futhi limnene, namahlumela abonakalayo, luhlaza, likhanyayo futhi lilingana (肥嫩显芽，绿亮匀整). Ohlotsheni oluphezulu amahlumela awodwa amnandi aphelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Incazelo yophawu inikeza inombolo eyinhloko: izinto ezikhishwayo cishe zingu 45 % uma kujwayelekile 36 % ngokwezinga letiye eliluhlaza GB/T 14456-1993; kusukela lapho, ngokwamazwi ayo, ukuqina kokuphindwa kokuthelwa. Izindinganiso ze-physicochemical zaleyo ncazelo: umswakama awukho ngaphezu kwe-6.0 %, umlotha ophelele awukho ngaphezu kwe-6.5 %, imvuthuluka ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2.5 %, izinto ezikhishwayo azikho ngaphansi kwe-36.0 %, i-fiber eluhlaza ayikho ngaphezu kwe-14.0 %. Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayitholakali emithonjeni.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi kuyo kubonakala amaqabunga aqondile anoboya, noma i-gàiwǎn emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Uketshezi lokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yoketshezi.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuphindwa kokuthelwa kathathu noma kane; imithombo iphawula ukuthi itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuphindwa okuningi.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakalayo.

• Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
  • Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi “昭平银杉” № 8051378 noma uphawu lwezolimo lwe-geographical indication.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase Zhāopíng.
  • Iqabunga liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, linoboya nokuluhlaza okufihlekile; uketshezi luluhlaza okotshani futhi lukhanyayo.
  • Ungadidanisi namanye amatiye aluhlaza esifunda: i-Yínshān Chá igama elihlukile.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Igama letiye lanikezwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 ngokufana kweqabunga elomile nenaliti yesihlahla se-杉; ngesiShayina 银杉 futhi yigama lesihlahla se-coniferous esiyinsalela ye-cathaya.
• I-Yínshān Chá yenziwa kuphela kusukela ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo nekwindla; iqabunga lasehlobo lisetshenziselwa i-máojiān namanye amatiye.
• Umngcele wendawo isithasiselo sika-2025 siwubeka ngendlela yakudala ngamadolobhana amane asekugcineni futhi ngendlela entsha, ngohlaka lwezixhumanisi.
• Endaweni kukhona i-Huángyáo idolobhana elidala, elidume kude nangaphandle kwendikimba yetiye.
• Igama lavela ngawo-1970, izinga lobuchwepheshe ngawo-1990, futhi ngo-2010 itiye lathola kokubili uphawu lwezolimo lwe-geographical indication kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase Guangxi

• Zhāopíng Lǜ Chá (昭平绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo. I-athikili yomzimba ikhuluma “ngomuthi oyisiliva” (银杉) phakathi kwezinhlobo zalo, kodwa i-Yínshān Chá ivikelwa igama elihlukile, futhi akumele zihlanganiswe.
• Zhāopíng Hóng Chá (昭平红茶): Itiye elibomvu le-gōngfu lesifunda esifanayo elinye isigaba esivela ezintabeni ezifanayo.
• Guìlín Máo Jiān (桂林毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lase Guìlín enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Guangxi; imichilo emincane eqondile enoboya obumhlophe uma kuqhathaniswa neqabunga elicishe libe yisicaba le-Yínshān Chá.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zhāopíng Yínshān Chá itiye eliluhlaza lasempumalanga ye-Guangxi, elathola igama ngo-1970s ngokufana kweqabunga elomile nenaliti kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe ngo-1990s. Ukubukeka kwalo kuyabonakala: iqabunga eliqondile, elicishe libe yisicaba elinoboya nokuluhlaza okufihlekile, uketshezi oluluhlaza okotshani olukhanyayo, iphunga elihlanzekile kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile okusha. Incazelo yophawu ibeka izinhlobo ezintathu kusukela kumahlumela awodwa kuya ehlumeni elineqabunga futhi ivumela ukwenziwa kwetiye kuphela kusukela ekuvuneni kwentwasahlobo nekwindla; indawo iklanywe ngohlu lwezindawo eziyishumi nambili kanye namalokishi, amadolobhana amane asekugcineni kanye nezixhumanisi.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• GB/T 14456-1993

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo