Zhāngjiājiè chá

Chzhangjiajie Cha (Zhāngjiājiè chá, 张家界茶) ndi dzina lachigawo la tiyi la mzinda wa Chzhangjiajie kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Izi si mtundu kapena gulu, koma chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical, cholembetsedwa pa 7 April 2021 pamodzi ndi “张家界莓茶”; akuluakulu a chigawo amayendetsa onse awiri ngati gulu la “两茶” (tiyi ziwiri). Dongosolo la zolemba za geographical indications limalongosola pansi pa dzina ili magulu awiri: tiyi wobiriwira ndi tiyi wofiira, ndipo dera lake ndi gawo lonse la chigawochi. Chizindikiro chachiwiri cha gululi sichili cha tiyi: 莓茶 amapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera Ampelopsis grossedentata, osati kuchokera ku chitsamba cha tiyi. Ufulu woyika chizindikiro cha “张家界茶” pa katundu pofika kumapeto kwa 2023 unapatsidwa makampani 11.

1. Kugawikana ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Palibe gulu limodzi. Dongosolo la zolemba limapereka pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi kufotokoza kwa tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) ndi tiyi wofiira (红茶, hóngchá). Kupereka dzina ili gulu limodzi kungakhale kulakwitsa.
• Gulu: Chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical chachigawo; gulu la “两茶” pamodzi ndi “张家界莓茶”.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), mzinda wa Chzhangjiajie (张家界, Zhāngjiājiè).
• Dera: Dongosolo la zolemba limatchula dera lonse la mzinda wa Chzhangjiajie. Sindinaone chikalata cha chizindikirocho ndi mndandanda wa maboma.
• Njira yotetezera: Chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical; dongosolo la zolemba limapereka nambala 43177452. Lili mndandanda wa boma la Hunan wa 2024 pakati pa zizindikiro za geographic collective ndi certification za chigawochi.
• Mwini: Malinga ndi malipoti a “Hunan Ribao” (2021), zizindikiro za “两茶” mwa lamulo la boma la chigawo zinalembetsedwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology ya mzinda wa Chzhangjiajie (张家界市农业科学技术研究所), yomwe ili pansi pa department yaulimi ya mzinda.
• Malo a geographical: Palibe malo enieni a dera m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • 2019. Mu May, malinga ndi malipoti a “Hunan Ribao”, kukonzekera kwa application ya zizindikiro za “两茶” kunayamba.
  • 2021: kulembetsa. Pa 7 April, Bureau ya Trademark ya State Intellectual Property Office inalembetsa “张家界茶” ndi “张家界莓茶” monga zizindikiro za certification ya geographical.
  • 2021: zilolezo zoyamba. Pa 24 December, department yaulimi ya mzinda inavomereza gulu loyamba: makampani 9 a tiyi ku “张家界茶” ndi makampani 18 ku “张家界莓茶”.
  • 2023: gulu lachitatu. Pa 26 December, malinga ndi malipoti a “Red Net”, kampani ina inavomerezedwa ku “张家界茶”, ndipo 31 ku “张家界莓茶”; paliponse makampani 11 avomerezedwa ku chizindikiro cha tiyi, ndipo 62 ku chizindikiro cha “berry”.
• Malamulo a chizindikiro. Kwa “两茶”, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito akhazikitsidwa: mikhalidwe yaubwino, malo ogwiritsira ntchito, zofunikira pakulima ndi kukonza, kuyang’anira. Sindinaone malemba a malamulowo; malinga ndi nyuzipepala, kampani ikufunika kukhala ndi kukula kwina ndi brand yake, minda yake osachepera 100 mu, certification ya SC, kulumikizidwa ku nsanja ya traceability ya quality ya Ministry of Agriculture, kuyang’anira chitetezo ndi ubwino, ndi mbiri yabwino ya ngongole.
• Dzina:
  • “Chzhangjiajie” (张家界) ndi dzina la mzinda.
  • “Cha” (茶, chá) ndi “tiyi”.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dzina lachigawo limasonkhanitsa tiyi wa chigawo pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi. Mu gulu la “两茶”, chizindikiro cha tiyi sichinakulebe: pofika kumapeto kwa 2023, makampani ovomerezedwa ku chizindikiro cha “berry” anali opitirira kasanu kuposa ochokera ku chizindikiro cha tiyi.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

• Mitundu / Cultivars: Sizinatchulidwe m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.
• Zopangira: Masamba a tiyi (Camellia sinensis) ochokera mdera la chizindikiro. Malamulo a chizindikiro amafotokoza zofunikira pakulima, koma sindinaone malemba awo.
• Osasokoneza ndi 莓茶: Chizindikiro chachiwiri cha gululi chimateteza chakumwa chochokera ku chomera 显齿蛇葡萄 (Ampelopsis grossedentata), osati tiyi mwa tanthauzo la botanical.
• Mulingo wa kukolola: Palibe deta m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

• Dera: Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan, mzinda wa Chzhangjiajie.
• Utali, nyengo, nthaka: Palibe deta m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.
• Kukula: Palibe deta ya malo a minda ndi kutulutsa kwa tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka. Mulingo wolowera ndi osachepera 100 mu a minda yake pa kampani.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga

Malamulo a chizindikiro amafotokoza zofunikira pakukonza, koma sindinaone malemba awo. Dongosolo la zolemba limalongosola maonekedwe a magulu awiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti pansi pa chizindikiro pali tiyi wobiriwira, wokhala ndi fixation, ndi tiyi wofiira, wokhala ndi fermentation yathunthu. Palibe magawo a processing m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.

Pansi pano pali machitidwe ambiri a magulu, osati kufotokoza kwa tekinoloje ya tiyi uyu:

• Wobiriwira: kufowoketsa (摊放, tānfàng) → fixation (杀青, shāqīng) → kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn) → kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).
• Wofiira: kufowoketsa (萎凋, wěidiāo) → kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn) → fermentation (发酵, fājiào) → kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

6. Mikhalidwe ya Organoleptic

Pansi pa chizindikiro pali tiyi wa magulu awiri, choncho kufotokoza kwaperekedwa padera, malinga ndi dongosolo la zolemba za geographical indications.

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Wobiriwira: masamba obiriwira olimba ozungulira (条索紧实圆润). Wofiira: masamba olimba, mtundu wofotokozedwa ngati 浑红, “wofiira wakuda”.
• Nkhwima ya masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera.
• Nkhwima ya infusion: Wobiriwira: yoyera (清香) kapena ya chestnut (栗香), yochuluka ndi yayitali. Wofiira: ya uchi (蜜香) kapena yoyera ndi yayitali; nkhwima ya maluwa ndi yotsekemera ndi yayitali komanso yolimba (花香、甜香高锐持久).
• Kukoma: Wobiriwira: kwatsopano, kolimbikitsa, kofewa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (鲜爽而回甘，鲜醇回甘); nkhwima, malinga ndi mawu a dongosolo, “imakhala pansi pa lilime”. Wofiira: kofewa, kwatsopano, kotsekemera (醇爽甘甜), kodzaza (醇厚鲜爽).
• Mtundu wa infusion: Wobiriwira: wobiriwira wofewa, woyera (嫩绿明澈). Wofiira: wachikasu wagolide ndi wowala, ndi “mphete yagolide” m’mphepete mwa kapu (汤色金黄明亮，有金圈).
• Masamba pansi (masamba ophikidwa): Wobiriwira: achikasu obiriwira, ofewa, ofanana (黄绿软润均匀). Wofiira: ofanana, ofewa, ofiira ndi owala (均匀嫩润红亮).

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Palibe deta ya physicochemical ya tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka. Ziwerengero zomwe atolankhani amalemba za 莓茶 sizikukhudza tiyi.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Mchitidwe wa gulu, magawo amadalira mtundu wa tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro chomwe chili m’manja.

• Wobiriwira: 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, infusion yoyamba 40–60 masekondi, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan, kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.
• Wofiira: 90–95 °C, 3–5 g pa 150 ml, infusion yoyamba 15–30 masekondi mu gaiwan, kenako kutsanulira kanayi kapena kasanu ndi kuwonjezera 10–15 masekondi. “Mphete yagolide” m’mphepete imawoneka bwino mu kapu yoyera.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Tiyi wobiriwira: mu phukusi lotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi nkhwima, amwe mkati mwa chaka. Wofiira: pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, mu phukusi lolimba, kutali ndi nkhwima.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’zolembo zomwe zapezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Fufuzani pa phukusi chizindikiro cha certification ya geographical “张家界茶”.
  • Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku chigawo cha Chzhangjiajie ndipo wavomerezedwa ku chizindikiro: pofika kumapeto kwa 2023 panali makampani 11 otere.
  • Yang’anani pa label gulu la tiyi: pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi pamatuluka tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira.
  • Osasokoneza ndi “张家界莓茶”: ichi ndi chakumwa osati kuchokera ku masamba a tiyi.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

• Zizindikiro ziwiri za chigawo zinalembetsedwa tsiku limodzi, 7 April 2021, koma chimodzi chokha ndi cha tiyi.
• Chizindikiro chimayendetsedwa osati ndi bungwe la opanga, koma ndi city scientific institute yaulimi mwa lamulo la boma la chigawo.
• Kuti kampani ivomerezedwe ku chizindikiro, ikufunika osachepera 100 mu a minda yake.
• Kufotokoza kwa tiyi wofiira pansi pa chizindikiro kumatchula “mphete yagolide” m’mphepete mwa infusion.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ina

• Sanzhi Bai Cha (桑植白茶): Tiyi woyera wa chigawo cha Sanzhi cha mzinda womwewo wa Chzhangjiajie, ndi chizindikiro chake.
• Jin Mao Hou Hong Cha (金毛猴红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa Hunan wopangidwa kuchokera ku phiri la Tianzishan ku Chzhangjiajie.
• Shimen Hongcha (石门红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa chigawo cha Shimen cha mzinda wa Changde, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Hunan, dzina la gulu limodzi poyerekeza ndi chizindikiro chachikulu.
• Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Chizindikiro cha chigawo cha Hubei pa tiyi ya magulu osiyanasiyana, chofanana ndi chizindikiro chachikulu pa chigawo.

Pamapeto:

Chzhangjiajie Cha ndi chizindikiro chachigawo, osati mtundu kapena gulu: pansi pake pamatuluka tiyi wobiriwira ndi wofiira wa chigawo, ndipo chimayendetsedwa ndi city scientific institute mwa lamulo la boma. Zolemba za izo zimalongosola kayendetsedwe: kulembetsa kwa 2021, malamulo ovomerezeka ndi makampani khumi ndi limodzi ovomerezedwa, pamene maonekedwe a tiyi amadziwika ndi mawu achidule a dongosolo: wobiriwira ali ndi nkhwima yoyera kapena ya chestnut ndi infusion yobiriwira yofewa, wofiira ali ndi nkhwima ya uchi ndi infusion yagolide ndi “mphete yagolide”.