Xiāngxī huángjīn chá

I-Xiangxi Huangjin Cha (Xiāngxī huángjīn chá, 湘西黄金茶) - “itiye legolide laseXiangxi”, igama lesifunda letiye elivela kubantu bendawo ye-huangjincha (黄金茶) kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethiwe ezivela kuyo e-Xiangxi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHunan. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo kusukela ngo-2018. Isigaba asisona esisodwa: ngaphansi kwalo kukhishwe amazinga eqembu etiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu nelimhlophe. “Igolide” egameni livela enganekwaneni ngentengo, hhayi ngetiye eliphuzi futhi hhayi ngombala weqabunga. Ingxabano nophawu lwesifunda lwangaphambili lwe-Baojing Huang Jin Cha yafika enkantolo, futhi uphawu lwesifunda lwama.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo nesigaba: Uphawu lwesifunda olungenasigaba esisodwa. Amazinga eqembu e-Hunan Tea Society: T/HNTI 010-2019 - ukucubungula itiye eliluhlaza, T/HNTI 011-2019 - ukucubungula itiye elibomvu (kusebenza kusukela ngo-1 Septemba 2019), T/HNTI 009-2019 - itiye elimhlophe, T/HNTI 020-2020 - ukucubungula itiye elimhlophe. Elidume kakhulu - eliluhlaza.
Isicupho segama: 黄金 (huángjīn) - “igolide”: akulona itiye eliphuzi (黄茶) futhi akulona uhlobo olunamaqabunga aphuzi njenge-黄金芽.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), i-Xiangxi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture (湘西, Xiāngxī). Izinga letiye elibomvu lisebenza kuzo zonke izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili kanye namadolobha e-prefecture: Jishou, Luxi, Fenghuang, Huayuan, Baojing, Guzhang, Yongshun kanye ne-Longshan.
Ukuvikelwa: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo No. 15887938, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo - “itiye”; umnikazi - isiteshi sobuchwepheshe bezolimo sedolobha lase-Jishou (吉首市经果技术推广站). Igama alibhalisiwe njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo.
Amakhodineti endawo: I-Jishou - cishe u-28.3° N no-109.7° E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Imvelaphi. Isihloko se-”China Rural Revitalization Network” (2023) sithathela itiye lale ndawo ku-”Xi Zhou cha” (溪州茶) yesikhathi se-Song. I-Huangjincha ikhula ngasemfuleni i-Lengzhaihe (冷寨河), ikakhulukazi emizaneni yase-Aikou (隘口村) edolobheni lase-Jishou kanye nase-Huangjin (黄金村) esifundeni sase-Baojing, lapho isibongo esikhulu kungu-Xiang (向) futhi imindeni ihlobene.
- Amagama amathathu. Ekuqaleni itiye lalibizwa ngomfula, kusukela ngawo-1990 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 - “换金茶” (huànjīn chá, “itiye lokushintshanisa ngegolide”), manje - “黄金茶”.
- Izinganekwane. Kunezinguqulo ezingaphezu kweshumi. Edume kakhulu, ngokwesiko: ngo-1539 (嘉靖十八年) ibutho lika-censor u-Lu Jie (陆杰) lagula ezintabeni ngenxa “yomoya omubi” (瘴气), isalukazi esingumMiao saphuzisa abantu itiye elivela ezihlahleni zalo eziyikhulu, futhi u-Lu Jie wasipha isigaxa segolide. Kusuka lapho isaga esithi “一两黄金一两茶” - “i-liang yegolide nge-liang yetiye”. Isihloko sika-2023 asizange siyithole le nto ku-”History of Ming” noma ku-”Veritable Records” yombusi u-Shizong; ireferensi “ye-China Gate” (2013), ngokuphambene, ikhomba ku-”Veritable Records”, kanti futhi unyaka we-18 we-Jiajing uyawunika emabakaki njengo-1545. Ngokwenguqulo yesibili, evela emlandweni we-Qing wesifunda sase-Baojing, ngezikhathi ze-Jiaqing (嘉庆), itiye laklonyeliswa ngegolide futhi lenziwa itiye lokwethulwa yinhloko ethile yezwe.
- Kusukela ngo-2004 kwaqala ukuvuselelwa komkhakha.
- Kusukela ngo-2009, ngokwesinqumo se-Beijing Higher People’s Court njengoba kulandiswa yi-”China Intellectual Property News” (2025), ukutshala kwaphuma e-Baojing kwangena e-Jishou, e-Longshan nakwezinye izifunda: itiye legolide lase-Xiangxi “引种自保靖黄金茶” - lisuselwa kwelase-Baojing.
- 2014-2018. Ngokwe-”China Intellectual Property News” (2025), isicelo safakwa ngoDisemba 2014; ngemuva kwenqubo yokuphikisa, uphawu lwabhaliswa ngoFebhuwari 2018.
- Ingxabano yezimpawu. NgoMashi nangoDisemba 2018, izikhungo zesifunda sase-Baojing zafuna ukuthi uphawu luthathwe njengolungenzi lutho; i-State Intellectual Property Office yalusigcina. Isikhungo sesifunda somkhakha wetiye sahlulwa nasekuqulweni kwecala lokuqala - ukufana kwezimpawu ezimbili nophawu lwendawo inkantolo yakuthatha ngokuthi umthengi udideka yini ngendawo yemvelaphi - futhi sahoxisa isicelo sokudlulisa. Isicelo esafakwa ngoJanuwari 2019 yizinhlangano zase-Baojing kanye nenyunyana yokubambisana, sadlula emijikelezweni eminingana: ngoFebhuwari 2023 ihhovisi laphinde lalusigcina uphawu, futhi inkantolo yokuqala kanye ne-Beijing Higher People’s Court bavumelana nalo. Izindawo zezimpawu ziyahlangana, kodwa ngayinye inemithetho yayo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Igama: 湘西 (Xiāngxī) - “intshonalanga ye-Hunan”, 黄金 (huángjīn) - “igolide”. Isihlahla esidala kunawo wonke emzaneni wase-Huangjin, ngokwemithombo yabezindaba, ochwepheshe basibiza “ngokuthi 可以喝的文物” - “itshe lesikhumbuzo elingaphuzwa”.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe

Abantu: I-Huangjincha iyinzalo yembewu enofuzo oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye nama-genotype nama-phenotype amaningi (ireferensi “ye-China Gate”, 2013).
Izingadi ezindala: Ezingadini eziyisikhombisa ezindala zomzaneni wase-Huangjin kunezihlahla ezingu-2057 zezikhathi ze-Ming ne-Qing; esidala kunazo zonke, ngokombiko ka-2020, sineminyaka engu-414, futhi siyisona kuphela esiphilayo sase-Hunan esivikelwe njengefa elingaphatheki.
Izinhlobo: Ngokwesihloko sika-2023, ezingadini ezindala kuye kwahlonzwa imigqa eyi-104, kanti ukusikwa kwezihlahla kukhethwe “1号”, “2号”, “8号”, “168号” kanye nezihlahla ezithile. Izinhlobo ze-保靖黄金茶1号 kanye ne-2号 zakhuliswa ne-Hunan Tea Institute; i-1号 yadlula ukubhaliswa kwesifundazwe.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Izinga letiye elimhlophe likhuluma ngeminqumo, amaqabunga kanye neziqu zezinhlobo ze-huangjincha; azikho izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe zetiye eliluhlaza emithonjeni evulekile.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Wulingshan entshonalanga ye-Hunan. Indawo yokuqala - umngcele we-Jishou ne-Baojing, ngokwesihloko sika-2023 - umngcele wakudala wezindawo zama-Han nezintaba zama-Miao.
Isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi: Endaweni yophawu akukho datha mayelana nokuphakama, inhlabathi kanye nemvula emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokombiko ka-2020, izingadi zesifunda sase-Baojing ziyindawo enenkungu, imvula eningi kanye nenhlabathi evundile ebhande lenhlabathi equkethe i-selenium.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe buxhomeke esigabeni; imibhalo yamazinga eqembu ayivulekile, ayikho imingcele.

Itiye eliluhlaza. Ngokwesihloko sika-2023 - imisebenzi emithathu: ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) kanye nokomisa (干燥, gānzào); lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba esiluhlaza.
Itiye elibomvu. Ngokwesihloko esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe basungulwa cishe ngo-2008 ngaphansi kwethonya laseTaiwan; umbhali ugxeka ukugazinga - iphunga likhona, kodwa akukho mbuyiselo omnandi.
Itiye elimhlophe. Ngokwezinga T/HNTI 009-2019 - ukubuna, ukoma kanye nokukhetha.
Isimo seqabunga. Ngokwe-”Banyuetan” (2023), inkampani i-中茶 kanye nethimba lesayensi badlulisela kwitiye lase-Baojing ubuchwepheshe beqabunga eliqondile le-Guzhang Maojian: ngaphambili iqabunga elalisongelwe kancane laba liqondile. Ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene yini nomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu lwesifunda, akucaci emthonjeni.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yokubukeka emithonjeni evulekile awukho. Ngezansi - incazelo yomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu njengoba kulandiswa esihlokweni sereferensi (Baidu Baike); ngokubukeka lokhu itiye eliluhlaza.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Iqabunga eliminyene, elikhulu futhi elinesisindo, eliluhlaza okwesikhazakhaza, elinoboya obubonakalayo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Linamandla.
Iphunga lokumpompa: Iphunga lemvelo elikhethekile lezimbali.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, nokuthinta okukhethekile “kokusanhlamvu” (谷韵).
Umbala wokumpompa: Oluhlaza ophuzi futhi ocacile.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Eliluhlaza okotshani, elikhanyayo futhi lithambe kakhulu.

Ngetiye lase-Baojing abezindaba bendawo baphinda ifomula ethi “四高四绝”: ama-amino acid amaningi, ama-polyphenol, izinto ezikhiphekayo kanye ne-chlorophyll; iphunga eliminyene, ukuphuza okuluhlaza okwesikhazikhazi, ubusha emlonyeni kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuthambile (茶香浓郁、汤色翠绿、入口清爽、回味甘醇).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Isihloko sereferensi ngophawu (Baidu Baike) sinikeza lokhu kwakheka; ukuqoqwa, unyaka kanye nendlela yokulinganisa akushiwongo.

Inkomba	Okuqukethwe
Izinto ezikhiphekayo	46.6 %
Ama-amino acid	7.8 %
Ama-polyphenol	20.6 %
I-caffeine	4.12 %

Ngetiye lase-Baojing lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo abezindaba (2020, 2023) bathi ama-amino acid angu-7.47 % - okuphindwe kabili kunetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile lokuqoqwa okufanayo - ama-polyphenol acishe abe ngu-20 % kanye nezinto ezikhiphekayo ezicishe zifinyelele ku-50 %, ngokubhekisele ekuhlaziyweni okwenziwa kanye ne-Hunan Tea Institute. Azikho izidingo zophawu noma izinga mayelana nokwakheka emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75-80 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo: Fudumeza izitsha, thela amanzi ngodonga, ukumpompa kokuqala - emizuzwini engu-40-60; ukuphinda kugcwaliswe kabili noma kathathu.

Itiye elibomvu nelimhlophe ngaphansi kwaleli gama kuphuzwa ngokomkhuba wesigaba sazo.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0-5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye nephunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nomgunyathi

Ngokwesihloko sika-2023, akukho ukuhlukaniswa ngebanga okufanayo, futhi imakethe ibheka itiye ngohlobo lwesihlahla: itiye le-Qingming lohlobo No. 1 - cishe ama-yuan angu-500-800, lohlobo No. 2 - cishe ama-yuan angu-1200-1800 (iyunithi yesisindo ayikashiwongo esihlokweni).

Ungawagwema kanjani umgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu “湘西黄金茶” kanye nenkomba yesifunda noma idolobha phakathi kweziyisishiyagalombili ze-prefecture.
- Hlukanisa ne-Baojing Huang Jin Cha - lolu uphawu oluhlukile, lwakudala olunendawo ngaphakathi kwesifunda esisodwa.
- Uphawu lokuhweba “黄金茶” ngaphandle kokucaciswa kwendawo, ngokwesihloko sika-2023, alibhalisiwe e-Xiangxi; abakhiqizi bendawo bangabanikazi kuphela be-”湘西黄金茶” kanye ne-”保靖黄金茶”.
- Ungakudidi ngetiye “legolide” lendawo yentaba yase-Sanqingshan e-Jiangxi kanye nezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga aphuzi ze-黄金芽.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Izicelo zokuthatha uphawu lwesifunda njengolungenzi lutho zafakwa ngo-2018 nango-2019; ngesinqumo sakamuva se-Beijing Higher People’s Court abezindaba babika ngoJanuwari 2025 - uphawu lwama.
Nge-catty eyodwa yetiye lase-Baojing, ngokombiko ka-2020, kuqoqwa ngesandla iminqumo engu-32-35 wezinkulungwane.

12. Ukuqhathanisa nomakhelwane

I-Baojing Huang Jin Cha (保靖黄金茶): Itiye langempela labantu abafanayo; uphawu lwesifunda sase-Baojing (isicelo 2010, ukubhaliswa 2011) kanye nophawu lwezolimo lwendawo lwango-2010. I-Xiangxi Huangjin Cha - izinga lesifunda ngaphezu kwalo.
I-Baojing Huang Jin Hong Cha (保靖黄金红茶): Itiye elibomvu lezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifanayo.
I-Guzhang Maojian (古丈毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Guzhang, nalo elingaphakathi kwendawo yophawu.
I-Anji Huang Jin Ya (安吉黄金芽): Itiye “legolide” ngombala weqabunga elinamaqabunga aphuzi lase-Zhejiang - ukuqhathanisa: kwi-Xiangxi Huangjin Cha “igolide” lisegameni kuphela.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiangxi Huangjin Cha yigama lesifunda letiye labantu abadala abavela emfuleni i-Lengzhaihe: eliluhlaza, elibomvu nelimhlophe, ngalinye linezinga lalo leqembu. Isisekelo sayo - i-huangjincha ecebile ngama-amino acid, umlando - izinganekwane ngegolide ngaphandle kobufakazi obubhaliwe, kanti ilungelo legama laqinisekiswa yihhovisi kanye nezinkantolo.

Imithombo

Amazinga

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