Tiānmù qīngdǐng · thetea.app

I-Tianmu Qingding (Tiānmù qīngdǐng, 天目青顶) — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni zase-Tianmushan (天目山) esifundeni sase-Lin’an (临安区) edolobheni lase-Hangzhou, esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Elinye igama layo — i-Tianmu Yunwu (天目云雾茶), “amafu nenkungu yase-Tianmu”. Izintaba zase-Tianmu zikhulunywa kakade encwadini ka-Lu Yu ethi “I-Canon yetiye”, kanti ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming u-Tu Long wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha ahamba phambili. Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda, izindawo ezihamba phambili — imimango yase-East Tianmu ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-600–1200, lapho inkungu ihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka. Itiye livikelwe uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo kusukela ngo-2012, kusukela ngo-2016 lisebenza ngaphansi kwezinga lemboni, kanti ngo-2025 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1128-2016 lilichaza ngqo njenge tiye eliluhlaza, kanti uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza: ukulungiswa ebhodweni, ukusongwa kancane nokomiswa ngomlilo. Amagama athi 青顶 — “iziqongo eziluhlaza” — achaza ukubukeka, hhayi isigaba.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasentshonalanga ye-Zhejiang; igama elidumile lomlando.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha i-Hangzhou (杭州, Hángzhōu), isifunda i-Lin’an (临安, Lín’ān), izintaba i-Tianmushan.
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokombhalo — amadolobhana amancane nezindawo zasemakhaya eziyi-16 zesifunda sase-Lin’an anezigodi zokuphatha ezingama-78. Kubalwa amagama ayishumi nanhlanu: i-Taihuyuan, i-Xitianmu, i-Gaohong, i-Yuqian, i-Zaoxi, i-Taiyang, i-Qianchuan, i-Leping, i-Changhua, i-Heqiao, i-Tuankou, i-Longgang, i-Qingliangfeng, i-Daxiagu kanye ne-Daoshi. Ukungafani kwenombolo nohlu kukhona embhalweni wokuvikela ngokwawo. Izinga lemboni lichaza indawo yokukhiqiza ngendlela ehlukile — ngamadolobhana amancane ayishumi nambili esifunda sase-Lin’an.
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: 29°56′–30°23′ N, 118°51′–119°44′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inganekwane. Incwadi yezinkomba ngophawu lwendawo ibhala ngombhalo okuthiwa u-Mei Fu (梅福) watshala itiye e-Tianmu kakade ngeminyaka ye-Yuanshi yase-Western Han. Lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umbhalo ngetiye.
- Ubukhosi bakwa-Tang. Encwadini ethi “I-Canon yetiye” (茶经) u-Lu Yu (陆羽) ubhala ukuthi ezifundeni zase-Lin’an nase-Yuqian zesifunda sase-Hangzhou itiye likhula ezintabeni zase-Tianmu futhi lilingana netiye lesifunda sase-Shuzhou.
- Ubukhosi bakwa-Ming. U-Tu Long (屠隆) encwadini ethi “Kaopan yushi” (考槃余事) ubeka itiye lase-Tianmu phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha ahamba phambili — eceleni kwe-Huqiu, i-Tianchi, i-Yangxian, i-Lu’an kanye ne-Longjing.
- 1910. Umlando wesifunda wase-Lin’an wonyaka wesibili we-Xuantong ubhala ukuthi itiye “elinenkungu namafu” lenziwa kuzo zonke izindawo, kodwa elihamba phambili livela e-Tianmu.
- Umklomelo. Incwadi yezinkomba ibhala ukuthi ngo-1910 i-Tianmu Yunwu yathola umklomelo omkhulu wegolide embukisweni wase-Nanyang e-Jiangning. Uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza unyaka we-1936 kanye “nomhlangano wamazwe ngamazwe wase-Nanyang”. Ukungafani kosuku negama angikuxazululanga.
- 1986. Ngokwezincazelo zezinkomba, itiye langena phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile ahamba phambili e-Zhejiang.
- 2012. Mhla zi-3 kuNcwaba uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo “天目青顶”, inombolo AGI00892.
- 2016. I-All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives yakhipha izinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016 “天目青顶茶”.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) yaliqashela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngesimemezelo № 640.
Igama: “Tianmu” (天目) — “Amehlo asezulwini”, igama lezintaba. “Qingding” (青顶) — “iziqongo eziluhlaza”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Tianmushan iyindawo evikelwe enamasendle asendulo, lapho kukhula khona imithi ye-cryptomeria ne-ginkgo. Endaweni yetiye kukhona i-Qingliangfeng (清凉峰) ne-Daxiagu (大峡谷) — izindawo ezaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengezindawo ezivikelwe nezokuvakasha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Akukho mthombo otholakele osho igama.
Izinhlobo ngenkathi yonyaka: Uhulumeni wesifunda ubala izigaba eziyi 顶谷, 雨前, 夏乌, 梅尖, 梅白 kanye 小春.
Izinga lokuqoqa: Kwehlobo eliphezulu lasentwasahlobo 顶谷 — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa. Incwadi yezinkomba ibhala kabanzi: ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili asanda kuvuleka, ukuqoqa — ngesikhathi sezulu elicacile.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: I-East Tianmu. Izindawo ezihamba phambili ngokukahulumeni wesifunda yi-Taizimiao, i-Longxuyan, i-Xili, i-Xiaolinkeng, idolobhana lase-Zhujia kanye ne-Senluoping.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda — amamitha angu-600–1200, ezigodini nasezihosheni ezivikelekile emoyeni.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwemininingwane efanayo, inkungu ihlala ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yasehlathini ensundu epodzolized, eyakhiwe ngamahlamvu awela phansi ehlathini eliminyene: ungqimba lwe-humus luqinile, izinto eziphilayo ziningi, inhlabathi ivunduvundu futhi ivundile, i-pH 4,5–6,0.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incwadi yezinkomba ichaza izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili:

Ukomiswa kokuqala ngokusakaza (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukulungiswa ngokushisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukugazingwa kwesibili (炒二青, chǎo èr qīng).
Ukomiswa kokuqala ngomlilo (初烘).
Ukomiswa kokugcina (复烘).
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukugcina.

Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza nendlela endala yesandla yezinhlobo zasentwasahlobo 顶谷 kanye 雨前. Iqabunga lilungiswa ebhodweni, linyakaziswa ngezinti zikamoba, bese kuthi uma lisusiwe emlilweni, lipholiswe ngefeni. Lisongwa kancane, ngendwangu ye-hemp emaholoholo, ukuze ijusi lingaphumi eqabungeni. Lomiswa kubhasikidi phezu kweziko lamalahle ngezigaba ezimbili — ukoma kokuqala (毛火, máohuǒ) nokoma kokugcina (足火, zúhuǒ). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zemisebenzi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba

Izincazelo emithonjeni ziyehluka; ngezansi — incazelo yophawu lwendawo, engezwe ngamazinga ezinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016 kanye nencazelo kahulumeni wesifunda.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwendawo — lifana ne-orchid, iqabunga linamanzi, umbala uluhlaza futhi ucwebezela ngokuswakama (形似兰花、叶质肥厚、色泽绿润). Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza imichilo eminyene enoboya obubonakalayo, eluhlaza okotshani (紧结成条，芽毫显著，色泽深绿); izinga lemboni lehlobo eliphezulu — kuhle, kucishe kube flat, kulingene futhi kuhlanzekile iqabunga, kuluhlaza okotshani futhi kucwebezela ngokuswakama (挺秀略扁、匀整、匀净；嫩绿润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala betiye: Kuhlanzekile futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside (清香持久); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu — lithambile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile, kuyaqabula (鲜醇爽口); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu — kusha, kuthambile, kuyaqabula (鲜嫩爽口).
Umbala wotshwala betiye: Kucacile futhi kuhlanzekile (清澈明净); ngokwezinga lehlobo eliphezulu — kucacile futhi kukhanya (清澈明亮).
Izansi kwetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Amahlumela namacembe ayalingana, avuleka abe “izimbali” (芽叶匀齐成朵); izinga lehlobo eliphezulu lengeza umbala oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮). Uhulumeni wesifunda ubhala ukuthi ihlumela ngalinye elineqabunga liyabonakala enkomishini.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zezinga lemboni GH/T 1128-2016:

Umswakama: ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %.
Umlotha ophelele: ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %.
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: okungenani 36,0 %.

Imininingwane ngama-catechin, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ngamamili litha angu-150.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ecacile, lapho amahlumela avulekayo ebonakala khona, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukugxila kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokugxila.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Esitsheni esivalekile esingangenwa ukukhanya, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle komswakama, ukukhanya nephunga. Kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Ungadidanisi ne-Tianmuhu Bai Cha (天目湖白茶): into ababelana ngayo kuphela i-elementi ethi 天目 egameni lendawo.
- Funa uphawu lwendawo “天目青顶” kanye nomkhiqizi wasesifundeni sase-Lin’an.
- Iqabunga — linamanzi, liluhlaza futhi licwebezela; ukugxila — kucacile futhi kuhlanzekile.
- Amahlumela namacembe enkomishini avuleka abe “izimbali” ezilinganayo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Izintaba zase-Tianmu ziqanjwe kakade encwadini ka-Lu Yu ethi “I-Canon yetiye” yase-Tang.
U-Tu Long ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu endaweni efanayo ne-Longjing.
Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wesifunda, inkungu ima phezu kwezingadi izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-250 ngonyaka.
Embhalweni wokuvikela kuthiwa “amadolobhana amancane nezindawo zasemakhaya eziyi-16”, kodwa amagama abalwa ayishumi nanhlanu.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye angomakhelwane

I-Tianmuhu Bai Cha (天目湖白茶): Itiye lechibi lase-Tianmuhu eduze kwase-Liyang esifundazweni sase-Jiangsu; indawo ehlukile nomkhiqizo ohlukile, okufanayo kuphela i-elementi ethi 天目.
I-Jing Shan Cha (径山茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba i-Jingshan emaphethelweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga e-Tianmushan, esifundeni i-Yuhang.
I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo olunamaqabunga akhanyayo oluvela ezintabeni ezisenyakatho ye-Tianmu.
I-Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Itiye eliyisicaba lase-Hangzhou; u-Tu Long wabeka itiye lase-Tianmu eceleni kwalo kakade ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwa-Ming.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tianmu Qingding — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasentshonalanga ye-Hangzhou elinomlandvo omude kakhulu obhaliwe: ukukhulunywa kwezintaba encwadini ethi “I-Canon yetiye”, indawo phakathi kwamatiye ayisithupha obukhosi bakwa-Ming kanye nomlando we-1910. Izingadi zasezintabeni, ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, iningi lonyaka zihlala enkungwini; incazelo yophawu lwendawo nezinga lemboni zinikeza iqabunga eliluhlaza elinamanzi, ukugxila okucacile nephunga elihlanzekile elihlala isikhathi eside. Imithombo iyehluka ekuchazeni ukwakheka nasosukwini lomklomelo omkhulu — lokhu kungafani kubalwa lapha, hhayi ukushelela.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GH/T 1128-2016

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo