Dūjiāngyàn cháyè

I-Dujiangyan Chaye (Dūjiāngyàn cháyè, 都江堰茶叶) — “iqabunga letiye lase-Dujiangyan”: itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sasedolobheni i-Dujiangyan (都江堰市) ngaphansi kwe-Chengdu, esifundazweni sase-Sichuan, — emaphethelweni asenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Chengdu Plain, lapho umfula i-Minjiang uphuma khona ezintabeni. Kusukela ngo-2016 igama livikelwe njengenkombandlela yezolimo yendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo, oqashelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA). Indawo ivikela i-Gong Qingchengshan, omabuye atiye ayo, ngokwesendlalelo sencazelo yenkombandlela, ayebalwa emnikelweni kakade ngesikhathi se-Song.

1. Ukwahlukanisa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). “茶叶” (cháyè) kusho nje “iqabunga letiye”, futhi isigaba simiswe ngokobuchwepheshe obuvela emibhalweni yokuvikela ka-2016 no-2025: ukulungisa (杀青), ukusonga nokugazinga okwesibili, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga ye-Sichuan; umkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo (2025), kusukela ngo-2016 — futhi inkombandlela yezolimo yendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), idolobha i-Chengdu (成都, Chéngdū), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Dujiangyan (都江堰, Dūjiāngyàn).
Indawo evikelwe: Izifunda eziyi-12 namadolobhana: i-Xiang’e (向峨乡), i-Daguan (大观镇), i-Qingchengshan (青城山镇), i-Zhongxing (中兴镇), i-Yutang (玉堂镇), i-Puyang (蒲阳镇), i-Guankou (灌口镇), i-Zipingpu (紫坪铺镇), i-Hongkou (虹口乡), i-Longchi (龙池镇), i-Tianma (天马镇) ne-Xujia (胥家镇). Umfakisicelo ngo-2025 — uhulumeni wendawo wase-Dujiangyan. Ngokwesichazelo sika-2016, indawo isemngceleni ne-Wenchuan, i-Pengzhou ne-Chongzhou, ubukhulu bayo bungamahektha angama-71 700.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 103°25′42″–103°47′00″ empumalanga, 31°02′09″–31°44′54″ enyakatho; embhalweni wezimfuneko zika-2025 ububanzi bubhalwe ngokuhlehla.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando (ngokwesendlalelo sencazelo yenkombandlela ka-2016, ngokukopishwa):
- I-Tang. Phakathi kwamatiye ase-Shu anikelwayo, isigodlo sasithanda kakhulu i-“Wuzui” (乌嘴) ne-“Liuchuhua” (六出花); isendlalelo sibeka zombili e-Dujiangyan.
- Izingadi zetiye. Iqoqo elithi “Taiping Guangji” (太平广记, 978) likhuluma ngesifunda sase-Jiulong (九陇县, manje i-Pengzhou; ngaleso sikhathi kwakungaphansi kwaso amazwe asempumalanga ye-Minjiang) ingadi yetiye ka-Zhang Shougui (张守圭), lapho minyaka yonke kwakuqashwa khona abakhi abangaphezu kwekhulu.
- Umnikelo we-Song. Ubufakazi obuqondile ngetiye lase-Qingcheng emnikelweni isendlalelo sibuthola ku-“Taiping Huanyu Ji” (太平寰宇记, 976–983): kuhlu lwe-“umnikelo wangaphambili” wesifunda i-Yongkang jun (永康军) kubalwa i-紫背龙芽, i-白背龙芽, i-大鹤仙 ne-小鹤仙.
- 1674. Ngokombhalo okhonjwe esendlalelweni, ngonyaka we-13 we-Kangxi kwakulungiswa minyaka yonke amakhilogremu angama-800 etiye lehlumela lase-Qingcheng, kuwo amakhilogremu angama-60 ayekhethiwe namakhilogremu angama-680 “asesigodlweni”.
- 1912. Ekuqaleni kweRiphabhulikhi e-Qingchengshan, ngokwesendlalelo, kwakusenezivande ezibiyelwe zaleli tiye.
- 1981. I-Qingcheng Xue Ya evela ematiyeni ase-Dujiangyan yayidayiswa e-Hong Kong, e-Macau nase-Japan.
- 2013. Uphawu lwe-“Qingcheng Dao Cha” (青城道茶) lwathola umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano we-X wama-tiye anamagama e-“Zhongcha Bei”.
- 2016. Mhla zingama-31 kuNdasa uMnyango Wezolimo wagunyaza ukubhaliswa kwenkombandlela yezolimo yendawo; umnikazi — i-Dujiangyan Agricultural Technology Extension Centre, inombolo yomthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe — i-AGI2016-01-1869.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo se-CNIPA No. 625 (esayinwa mhla lu-1 kuMbasa, sashicilelwa mhla ziyi-14 kuMbasa) itiye laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo. NgoMeyi, ngokwephephandaba lendawo, idolobha labamba ukunambitha kwetiye elivikelwe, lapho izinkampani eziyisikhombisa zabonisa “ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye — amagugu angenasiko” (非遗制茶技艺); ukuthi yikuphi, akushiwongo.
Igama: 都江堰 — i-Dujiangyan, idolobha nohlelo lokunisela e-Minjiang; 茶叶 — “iqabunga letiye”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwesendlalelo sika-2016, itiye lendawo linezimpawu zokuhweba ezimbili zesifundazwe kanye nemikhiqizo ehamba phambili eyishumi, phakathi kwazo i-“Qingcheng” (青城), i-“Qingchengshan” (青城山), i-“Qingcheng Dao Cha” (青城道茶) ne-“Qingcheng Piaoxue” (青城飘雪).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ngokwezimfuneko zika-2025 — i-黔眉502 (Qiánméi 502), i-特早213 (Tèzǎo 213), i-名选131 (Míngxuǎn 131), i-福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá), i-福选9号 (Fúxuǎn 9) nezinye izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe. Isichazelo sika-2016 sasifuna kuphela izinhlobo zendawo ezikhiqizayo neziqinile “zochungechunge lokuqala olukhethekile”.
Indinganiso yokukha: Ihlumela elilodwa, ihlumela elinekha lokuqala elivulekayo, ihlumela elinamacembu amabili.
Indlela yokukha: Ngokuncinza (掐采), ngokuphakamisa (提手采) nangezandla zombili (双手采).
Ukukha: Azikho izikhathi zokukha ezitholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ukuhlangana kwezindawo ezimbili zemvelo — izintaba ze-Longmenshan (龙门山) nesiqongo se-alluvial fan ye-Minjiang e-Chengdu Plain; indawo yehlela ukusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwesichazelo sika-2016, inhlabathi eyinhloko yendawo — i-yellow earth yasezintabeni ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-700–1200. Izimfuneko zika-2025 zivumela izindawo eziyisicaba nemithambeka emincane engu-3–15°.
Inhlabathi: I-yellow earth yasezintabeni (山地黄壤) — ejulile, evundile, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, i-pH 4,5–6,5.
Isimo sezulu (ngokwesichazelo sika-2016): i-monsoon ephakathi nendawo eshisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15,2 °C, inyanga ebandayo kakhulu — 4,6 °C, efudumele kakhulu — 24,4 °C; imvula ingu-1243,8 mm, ukukhanya kwelanga kungamahora angu-1016,9 ngonyaka, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-280, umswakama ophakathi weminyaka eminingi usukela ku-75 kuye ku-80 %.
Amanzi: Imifula yohlelo lwe-Minjiang kanye nemisele yohlelo lokunisela lwase-Dujiangyan.
Ubukhulu: Ngokwesichazelo sika-2016 — amathani ayi-1700 etiye ngonyaka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izimfuneko zokuvikela zika-2025 zibeka uchungechunge “ukubuna — ukulungisa — ukupholisa — ukusonga — ukugazinga okwesibili — ukupholisa — ukusonga okwesibili — ukomisa — ukugcina”:

Ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng): Azikho izilinganiso ezimfunekweni zika-2025; isichazelo sika-2016 sasinikeza amahora angu-6–12, kuze kube umswakama ongaba ngu-70 %.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Izigaba ezintathu, isikhathi esiphelele siyimizuzu engu-4–6. Esokuqala — imbiza engu-260–220 °C, kuze kube iqabunga lithambe; esesibili — ngo-20–30 °C ngaphansi, kuze kube iqabunga lisonga libe itiye futhi lingabe lisancela esandleni; esesithathu — cishe ngu-200 °C.
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Ngokushesha ngemva kwembiza, imizuzu engu-30–60.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): “Iqabunga elithambile — kancane, eliqinile — kakhulu”, “kancane — kakhulu — kancane”. Iqabunga elithambile — imizuzu engu-20–25, eliqinile — hhayi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-50.
Ukugazinga okwesibili (杀二青, shā èr qīng): Kuqala ngo-180–150 °C, kuze kube iqabunga lithambe; bese kuba ngo-10–15 °C ngaphansi, ngamasu “cindezela uhlikihle” (压、磨), imizuzu engu-3–5, kuze kube isimo esiyisicaba esiqondile.
Ukusonga okwesibili (二揉, èr róu): Esichazelweni sika-2016 — uma kunesidingo.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Azikho izilinganiso ezimfunekweni zika-2025; isichazelo sika-2016 sasinikeza u-90–100 °C, kuze kube iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani.
Ukugcina (贮藏, zhùcáng): Ezikhwameni ezivalwe ngokuqinile, ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-8 °C.

Imibhalo iyaziphikisa: kokubili esichazelweni sika-2016 nasezimfunekweni zika-2025 ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela iqabunga “esimweni esiyisicaba esiqondile”, kanti incazelo yokubukeka ikhuluma ngetiye “elisontekile kancane ngokwemvelo”; ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kanjani, imithombo ayikuchazi.

6. Izici Zokunambitha

Ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikela zika-2025:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Intambo yetiye ingokwemvelo, isontekile kancane (条索自然微卷), iluhlaza okuphuzi noboya (黄绿带毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokumnika: Lihlanzekile, linethoni ye-chestnut, liqinile (清香带栗香，持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuvuselela, kuthambile futhi kulingene (鲜爽醇和).
Umbala wokumnika: Uluhlaza okuphuzi, okhanyayo.
Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Lilingene, liluhlaza okuphuzi, likhanyayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwekhemikhali

Inkomba	Indinganiso
Ama-polyphenol etiye	okungenani ngu-20 %
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini	okungenani ngu-40 %
Amaprotheni	okungenani ngu-30 g/100 g
Isamba sama-amino acid	okungenani ngu-3 %
I-Vitamin C	okungenani ngu-200 mg/100 g

Ekukopishweni kwesichazelo sika-2016 indinganiso efanayo yamaprotheni ibhalwe endaweni eyodwa njengo-30 mg/100 g, kwenye — njengo-30 g/100 g; lapha kunikezwa okubhalwe ezimfunekweni zika-2025.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Amanzi angu-80–85 °C, amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe. Thela amanzi ngasodongeni, ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60; phuza ushiya ingxenye yokumnika, bese uthelela — ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba: endaweni evalwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, kungcono esiqandisini; kuphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Izimfuneko zokuvikela lapha zicacisisa ngaphezu kokujwayelekile — hhayi ngaphezu kuka-8 °C.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwenkombandlela yendawo: ilungelo lalo umkhiqizi ovela endaweni ulinikezwa yi-CNIPA ngokwethulwa yidolobha nesifundazwe.
- Qiniseka ukuthi itiye livela kwesinye sezifunda eziyi-12 namadolobhana endawo.
- Khumbula ukuthi igama elejwayelekile: amagama athi “itiye lase-Dujiangyan” ngaphandle kophawu awasho umkhiqizo ovikelwe.
- Iqabunga — liluhlaza okuphuzi noboya; iphunga — lihlanzekile, linethoni ye-chestnut.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Phakathi kwamatiye e-Song ase-Qingcheng isendlalelo sibala “uMkhulu” no“Mncane we-crane ongafi” — i-大鹤仙 ne-小鹤仙.
Ukulungisa ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikela kuhamba ngezigaba ezintathu, kuqala ngembiza engu-260–220 °C.
Ngo-1674, ngokwesendlalelo, kumakhilogremu angama-800 etiye lase-Qingcheng, angama-680 ayebalwa “njengasesigodlweni”.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye ase-Sichuan

I-Qingcheng Xue Ya (青城雪芽): Itiye eliluhlaza elinegama lentaba i-Qingchengshan, esendaweni; ngokwesendlalelo sika-2016 — elinye lamatiye ase-Dujiangyan.
I-Emei Zhuqing (峨眉竹叶青): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lentaba i-Emeishan; e-Dujiangyan Chaye isimo esiyisicaba simiswa ubuchwepheshe, kodwa hhayi incazelo yokubukeka.
I-Tianfu Long Ya (天府龙芽): Uphawu lwesifundazwe lwetiye lase-Sichuan; i-Dujiangyan Chaye — igama elingaphansi, elesifunda.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dujiangyan Chaye — igama elejwayelekile le-tiye ledolobha elilodwa ekuphumeni kwe-Minjiang ezintabeni, lapho ukuvikela kuqinise itiye eliluhlaza elicacile: iqabunga eliluhlaza okuphuzi noboya, iphunga elihlanzekile elinethoni ye-chestnut, ukulungisa okushisayo ngezigaba ezintathu nokugcina okungaphezu kuka-8 °C. Umlando ulibolekwa intaba i-Qingchengshan nomnikelo wayo we-Song, kanti imibhalo emibili — ka-2016 no-2025 — inikeza ubuchwepheshe obuningiliziwe, nakuba isimo seqabunga sichazwa ngendlela ehlukile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №625

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo