Xiāngyáng hóng · thetea.app

I-Xiangyang Hong (Xiāngyáng hóng, 襄阳红) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sasedolobheni i-Xiangyang (襄阳) enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Igama lisho ukuthi «elibomvu lase-Xiangyang». Lesifunda ngokomlando senza itiye eliluhlaza, futhi ngokwencazelo yendawo itiye elibomvu elingaphansi kwaleli gama laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-2010, ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiwa kwehlobo nekwindla. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo; umnikazi wophawu yinhlangano yemboni yesifunda sase-Baokang (保康县). Umbhalo wophawu onencazelo yomkhiqizo angikawuboni, ngakho ukubukeka kwetiye ngezansi kunikezwe ngokwencazelo yereferensi, hhayi ngokwezimfuneko zophawu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele. Isigaba siqanjwe egameni («红») futhi siqinisekiswa yincazelo yereferensi yokubukeka: ukusonteka okuncane okuminyene, iqabunga elimnyama elicwebezelayo, umgqondo obomvu. Umbhalo wophawu obonisa isigaba angikawuboni.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hubei; umkhiqizo onophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2014).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Xiangyang (襄阳, Xiāngyáng). Irejista yesifundazwe ibonisa isifunda sase-Baokang (保康, Bǎokāng) njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; lokhu akusiyo imingcele yezomthetho yendawo, futhi angikayihloli.
Umnikazi wophawu: Inhlangano yemboni yetiye ye-«Xiangyang Hong» yesifunda sase-Baokang (保康县襄阳红茶业协会) — ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Baokang — cishe 31.9° N futhi 111.3° E. Incazelo yendawo ibeka izindawo zetiye zesifunda cishe ku-32° N.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980. Ngokwezinto zenhlangano yetiye yedolobha, ezixoxwa yincazelo yereferensi, iziphathimandla zezolimo zase-Xiangyang zazithumela amabhizinisi endawo ukuthi akhiqize amaqoqo amancane etiye elibomvu, ikakhulukazi ukuze athengiselwe i-USSR. Isisekelo somkhakha ngaleso sikhathi sasiyitiye eliluhlaza.
- 2010. Ngokwencazelo efanayo, lapho imakethe yetiye eliluhlaza iqala ukugcwala, amabhizinisi etiye edolobha kanye ne-academy yedolobha yesayensi yezolimo baqala ukwakha indlela entsha yokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa zasehlobo nezasekwindla futhi ngaphansi kwegama elithi «襄阳红» bakhipha itiye elibomvu.
- Ukwethulwa. Incazelo ibika ngokwethulwa kwe-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu» ngoMeyi edolobhaneni lase-Wushan (五山镇) lesifunda sase-Gucheng (谷城县) nangokunambitha kokuqala ngoSepthemba wonyaka ofanayo e-Xiangyang. Unyaka awukhonjisiwe embhalweni otholakele.
- 2014. Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo «襄阳红»: ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020 — inombolo 12560461, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo — itiye. Isikhathi sokuqala selungelo elikhethekile — kusukela mhla ziyi-14 kuNcwaba 2014 kuya mhla ziyi-13 kuNcwaba 2024.
Igama: «Xiangyang» (襄阳) — igama lesifunda sasedolobheni, «hong» (红) — «okubomvu». Igama lihlobene nesifunda, kanti umnikazi wophawu uhlobene nesifunda esisodwa; ukuthi indawo yophawu nesifunda kuhlotshaniswa kanjani angikutholanga.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Iziphathimandla zedolobha, ngokwencazelo, zakha umkhakha ngezinsika ezimbili: uphawu lwesifunda olujwayelekile «襄阳高香茶» kanye nomugqa ophezulu wetiye elibomvu «襄阳红». Ifomula yencazelo — «itiye eliluhlaza liyinhloko, elibomvu liyinsiza» (绿茶为主、红茶为辅). Umbhalo wendawo uphinde uhlobanise indawo no-Shennong, okuthiwa wazama lapha amakhambi amaningi, futhi no-Zhuge Liang, owayehlala e-Longzhong (隆中) ngaphansi kwe-Xiangyang. Lezi izithombe zombhalo wendawo, hhayi imininingwane ngetiye uqobo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Izinhlobo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokwencazelo yereferensi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiwa kwehlobo nekwindla (夏秋茶). Nge-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu» incazelo ibiza «ama-buds asagolide» (黄金毫), okusho ukuthi emaqoqweni aphezulu kunama-buds anoboya obusagolide; izinga lokukhiwa alikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokukhiwa: Izikhathi eziqondile azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ngokwencazelo yendawo, izindawo eziyinhloko zetiye zesifunda — izifunda zezintaba i-Nanzhang (南漳), i-Baokang ne-Gucheng, lapho i-Jingshan ridge (荆山) ihlangana khona namagatsha e-Wudangshan (武当山).
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isimo sezulu nomhlabathi: Incazelo ibiza isimo sezulu ngokuthi «esiyinqayizivele», kodwa ayinikezi izinombolo. Imininingwane ngomhlabathi ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ngokwencazelo yereferensi, i-Xiangyang Hong yenziwe ngendlela entsha yokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa zasehlobo nezasekwindla, eyakhiwa kanye ne-academy yedolobha yesayensi yezolimo. Incazelo ayinikezi indlela uqobo kanye nemingcele yayo, futhi umbhalo wophawu onezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe angikawuboni.

Ngezansi kunesikimu esijwayelekile setiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye:

Ukuvutshelwa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi liba lithambile.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amaseli eqabunga ayaphuka, ijusi liphuma phezulu.
I-oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga liba mnyama, umgqondo uba bomvu.
Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào): I-oxidation iyamiswa, itiye lilethwa ekomeni.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe embhalweni wereferensi nge-«襄阳红»; ukuthi iphendula eliphi iqoqo nokuthi iyahambisana yini nezimfuneko zophawu akwaziwa.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuncane, okuminyene, okude okunamaphuzu amahle, ama-buds asagolide ayabonakala, umbala umnyama futhi ucwebezelayo (条索紧细秀长，金黄芽毫显露，锋苗秀丽，色泽乌润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
Iphunga lomgqondo: Kunephunga elimnandi, eligcwele futhi elihlala isikhathi eside (香气芬芳，馥郁持久); incazelo ayicacisi ukuthi iphunga lihlobene nesigaba esomile noma umgqondo. Nge-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu» ochwepheshe ekwethulweni, ngokwencazelo, baphawula «ubumnandi obuthambile bephunga» (嫩甜香).
Ukunambitheka: Nge-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu» — «ethambile futhi egcwele» (滋味醇); emaqoqweni ajwayelekile akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
Umbala womgqondo: Obomvu ogqamile futhi osobala (汤色红艳明亮).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Elibomvu elisha, elikhanyayo (叶底鲜红明亮).

Ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kwe-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu» incazelo ikufingqa ngamafomula amane: 黄金毫、嫩甜香、汤色艳、滋味醇 — ama-buds asagolide, iphunga elimnandi elithambile, umgqondo ogqamile, ukunambitheka okuthambile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa.
4. Khipha wonke umgqondo.
5. Yandisa kancane ukuphisa ngakunye okulandelayo.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ngezinga lokushisa legumbi, ekupakisheni okuqinile okungabonisi ukukhanya, kude namaphunga angaphandle.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Isimo sophawu: Ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020, isikhathi sokuqala sophawu № 12560461 siphele mhla ziyi-13 kuNcwaba 2024. Ukuthi sinwetshiwe yini, akubonakali emithonjeni etholakele. Irejista ka-2026 ibika igama njengelibhalisiwe ngosuku lomthombo.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi «襄阳红» ekupakisheni bese ubuza umdayisi ukuthi umkhiqizi uvunyelwe yini ukulusebenzisa.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Xiangyang. Umnikazi wophawu ubhalwe esifundeni sase-Baokang, kodwa incazelo yereferensi ibiza i-«襄阳红» njengomsebenzi ohlanganyelwe wamabhizinisi etiye edolobha; imingcele yendawo yophawu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ungadidanisi nephawu lesifunda «襄阳高香茶»: leli elinye igama elinophawu lwalo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Itiye elibomvu e-Xiangyang, ngokwencazelo yendawo, lalenziwa nangaphambilini — ngamaqoqo amancane ukuze kuthunyelwe e-USSR ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1980, — kodwa umkhakha wahlala isikhathi eside uluhlaza.
Igama elithi «襄阳红» libhekisela esifundeni sonke, kanti uphawu luphethwe yinhlangano yesifunda esisodwa — i-Baokang.
Ukwethulwa kwe-Xiangyang Hong «ephezulu», ngokwencazelo, akuzange kwenziwe e-Baokang, kodwa edolobhaneni lase-Wushan lesifunda sase-Gucheng.
Kurejista yesifundazwe ka-2020 isifunda sase-Baokang sinezimpawu ezimbili zetiye ezinabanikazi abahlukene: i-«襄阳红» ibhalwe ngenhlangano ye-«Xiangyang Hong», kanti i-«保康绿茶» ibhalwe ngenye inhlangano yetiye yesifunda (保康县荆山锦茶业技术协会).

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Hubei

I-Xiangyang Gaoxiang Cha (襄阳高香茶): Uphawu olujwayelekile lwesifunda esifanayo olunophawu lwalo; ngokwezincazelo zendawo, indawo eyinhloko kulo ithathwa yitiye eliluhlaza.
I-Baokang Lücha (保康绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Baokang — lesifunda esifanayo lapho kubhalwe khona umnikazi wophawu lwe-Xiangyang Hong.
I-Xieshan Diecui (薤山叠翠): Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Xieshan esifundeni sase-Gucheng sesifunda esifanayo.
I-Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫): Itiye elibomvu lase-Yichang elinomlando omude wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
I-Lichuan Hong (利川红): Itiye elibomvu ledolobhana lase-Lichuan esifundeni sase-Enshi entshonalanga yesifundazwe.
I-Wufeng Hongcha (五峰红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Wufeng esifundeni sase-Yichang.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiangyang Hong itiye elibomvu elincane lesifunda elijwayele ukwenza eliluhlaza. Ngokwencazelo yendawo, lakhiwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele iqabunga lasehlobo nelasekwindla, futhi lakhiwa eduze kophawu lwesifunda «襄阳高香茶» njengomugqa ophezulu obomvu: ukusonteka okuncane okunama-buds asagolide, umgqondo obomvu ogqamile, ukunambitheka okuthambile. Uphawu egameni lwabhaliswa ngo-2014 ngenhlangano yesifunda sase-Baokang; ukuthi lusasebenza yini ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqala ngo-2024, ngokwemithombo etholakele akunakushiwo.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №12560461

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo