I-Xieshan Diecui (Xièshān diécuì, 薤山叠翠) itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Xieshan esifundeni sase-Gucheng (谷城县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha i-Xiangyang enyakatho-ntshona yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Igama layo akulona igama lohlobo lwetiye, kodwa liwukubukeka kwezwe: “ubuhlaza obugqinsiwe base-Xieshan”. Ngezansi kunamasimu, ngenhla kunamahlathi e-oki, eziqongweni kukhona ophayini nokusayipuresi, futhi kude intaba ibonakala ngemibala emithathu eluhlaza. I-Xieshan iyintaba enamahlathi kanye nendawo endala yokubhuquda ehlobo, futhi itiye layo kusukela ngo-2011 livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwa. Isigaba siqinisekisa ukubukeka ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo: iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, umphunga oluhlaza ngobumnene.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lase-Hubei, umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2011).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), umasipala wedolobha i-Xiangyang (襄阳, Xiāngyáng), isifunda sase-Gucheng (谷城县, Gǔchéng Xiàn).
- Indawo evikelwe: Ihlathi lase-Xieshan (薤山林场), amalokishi ase-Zijin (紫金镇), e-Nanhe (南河镇), e-Shihua (石花镇) kanye nesigodi sase-Zhaowan (赵湾乡) esifundeni sase-Gucheng — amayunithi amahlanu.
- Izixhumanisi zokuma: Isifunda sase-Gucheng — cishe u-32.3° enyakatho kanye no-111.6° empumalanga.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Indawo yokubhuquda ehlobo. Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe, ngo-1903–1907 esiqongweni se-Xieshan kwakhiwa izindlu zokubhuquda zasehlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa; kwasala eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Imithombo yendawo ibiza intaba ngokuthi “indawo yokubhuquda yasehlobo eseningizimu ye-China” (中国南避暑山庄).
- Ihlathi nepaki. Ngemva kuka-1949 intaba yaba ihlathi likahulumeni, kwathi ngo-1994 yaba ipaki lamahlathi likazwelonke. Ihlathi lase-Xieshan nanamuhla liyingxenye yendawo evikelwe yetiye.
- 2011. Ihhovisi elikhulu lokulawula ikhwalithi, ukuhlola kanye nokuhlukaniswa (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esingu-№ 38 lavikela i-Xieshan Diecui njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Igama litholakala ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo yesifundazwe sase-Hubei.
- Umlando wangaphambili waleli tiye awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Igama:
- «Xieshan» (薤山) igama lentaba. U-薤 uyisitshalo sika-anyanisi, u-anyanisi wase-China (Allium chinense). Umlando wesifunda njengoba ulandiswa yimithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe udlulisa inganekwane: isazi sezitshalo zokwelapha sase-Ming u-Li Shizhen (李时珍), lapho eqoqa izitshalo, wabona intaba igcwele lo-anyanisi futhi wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Xieshan. Abantu bendawo, ngokusho kwalolo shicilelo, babiza igama lentaba ngokuthi «Haishan».
- «Diecui» (叠翠) — «ubuhlaza obugqinsiwe»: amasimu ngezansi, ama-oki ebhandeni eliphakathi, ophayini nokusayipuresi phezulu kunika intaba imibala emithathu eluhlaza.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni igama letiye liwukuqhubeka kwedumela lentaba: enamahlathi, epholile, kudala yaziwa njengendawo yokuphumula yasehlobo.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza
- Uhlobo / Cultivar: Alibhalwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuvuna: Izikhathi zokuvuna azibhalwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Encazelweni evulekile yombhalo alibhalwanga. Ukubukeka — ukusonteka okuncane okuqinile okunezihloko ezicijile — kukhombisa impahla eluhlaza emnene, kodwa imfuneko eqondile ayaziwa.
- Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Imvelaphi evela kumayunithi amahlanu endawo evikelwe.
4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: I-Xieshan ime phakathi nesifunda sase-Gucheng futhi ingeyohlelo lwezintaba lwase-Wudang (武当山脉). Intaba iphakama ngaphezu komfula i-Hanjiang njengesiqongo esisodwa; eningizimu izungezwa umfula i-Nanhe, enyakatho — yi-Beihe. Isiqongo esikhulu — ngu-1099 m.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Imininingwane ngokuphakama kwamasimu etiye ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Inhlabathi: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isimo sezulu: Ihlathi limboza cishe u-93% wendawo yentaba. Imvula icishe ibe ngu-1413 mm ngonyaka, izinsuku ezinenkungu zicishe zibe ngu-120. Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka entabeni licishe libe ngu-12 °C, ehlobo — cishe u-22 °C, ngo-5–7 °C ngaphansi kwesesifundeni; umswakama womoya ucishe ube ngu-79%.
- Izici: Izimila eziyizingqimba — amasimu ngezansi, ama-oki ebhandeni eliphakathi, ophayini nokusayipuresi phezulu — yizo ezanika itiye igama. Entabeni kunezihlahla ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ezineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza lumi kanje:
- Ukunaba kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
- Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lithola isimo sokusonteka.
- Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Xieshan Diecui. Amapharamitha aleli tiye awakho emithonjeni etholakele.
6. Izici Zokunambitheka
Ngokombhalo wophawu lwendawo:
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuncane okuqinile okunezihloko ezicijile; umbala uluhlaza okwesimaragidu, okucwebezelayo okunamafutha (条索紧细显锋苗、色泽翠绿油润).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lomphunga: Okwe-castnut, okuqhubekayo (栗香持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, okuqabulayo (鲜醇爽口).
- Umbala womphunga: Oluhlaza ngobumnene, okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮).
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Oluhlaza ngobumnene, okhanyayo, okulinganayo (嫩绿明亮匀整).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Imininingwane ye-physico-chemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye.
- Thela amanzi amancane, vumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engu-20–30.
- Gcwalisa amanzi; umphunga wokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomphunga.
- Ukuphindisela kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emphaketheni ovalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye eliluhlaza liphuzwa liselisha, ukuguga akulidingi.
10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa
Imininingwane ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo ephaketheni.
- Hlola umkhiqizi: kufanele abe evela ehlathini lase-Xieshan, e-Zijin, e-Nanhe, e-Shihua noma e-Zhaowan.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka nombhalo: ukusonteka okuncane okunezihloko ezicijile, okuluhlaza okwesimaragidu futhi okucwebezelayo; iphunga lika-castnut.
11. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo
- Igama letiye liyincazelo yokubukeka kwezwe: amabhande amathathu ezimila anika intaba imibala emithathu eluhlaza.
- Isitshalo u-薤, esanika intaba igama, u-anyanisi wase-China.
- Entabeni kunezinsuku ezicishe zibe ngu-120 ezinenkungu ngonyaka.
- Ihlathi lase-Xieshan akulona ilokishi, kodwa liyihlathi, futhi nokho lingelinye lamayunithi amahlanu endawo evikelwe yetiye.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei
- I-Meizi Gongcha (梅子贡茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lasenyakatho-ntshona ye-Hubei; umbhalo walo ubeka nezinkomba ze-physico-chemical, kanti i-Xieshan Diecui ichazwa kuphela ngokubukeka.
- I-Wudang Daocha (武当道茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Wudang, elihlobene nesiko lama-Dao; i-Xieshan ingeyohlelo olufanayo lwezintaba.
- I-Guishan Yanlü (龟山岩绿): Itiye eliluhlaza lasempumalanga ye-Hubei, elivela esifundeni sase-Huanggang; linokujwayelekile kwesifundazwe, futhi izincazelo eziyireferensi zigcina nokubunjwa kwendabuko ngesandla ebhodweni.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Xieshan Diecui itiye eliqanjwe ngokubukeka kwezwe. Intaba enamahlathi enemibala emithathu eluhlaza, epholile futhi enenkungu, yalinika igama, kanti umbhalo wophawu lwendawo walinika ukubukeka: ukusonteka okuncane okuluhlaza okwesimaragidu okunezihloko ezicijile, iphunga lika-castnut, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Ngohlobo, ubuchwepheshe nezinombolo imithombo evulekile iyathula, kodwa ukubukeka ngokombhalo kubonakala ngokushesha.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo