I-Suichang Longgu Cha (Suìchāng lónggǔ chá, 遂昌龙谷茶) — «itiye laseSigodini SikaDrako laseSuichang», itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasesifundeni esinezintaba saseSuichang (遂昌县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha iLishui eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseZhejiang. I-«Longgu» (龙谷) wuphawu lwesifunda lwamatiye amathathu: itiye eliluhlaza eliqondile iLonggu Liren (龙谷丽人), itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba iLonggu Cha, kanye netiye elibomvu iLonggu Hongcha (龙谷红茶); inkombandlela yezwe ichaza kuphela eliyisicaba. Leli gama lihlotshaniswa nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi uTang Xianzu, owayeyisikhulu sesifunda iminyaka emihlanu. Kusukela ngo-2020, leli gama liyinkombandlela yezwe yezolimo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 — umkhiqizo onenkombandlela yezwe.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eliyisicaba. Isibaya: izidingo zokuvikela azisho igama lesigaba futhi aziyithinti ingxenye yobuchwepheshe. Isigaba sibonakala encazelweni yekhwalithi embhalweni ofanayo — iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, uketshezi oluluhlaza okotshani, nengaphansi eliluhlaza okotshani — kanye nasembhalweni wesifunda, lapho iLonggu Cha eliyisicaba libizwa ngokuqondile ngetiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba (扁形绿茶).
- Isicupho segama: Uphawu «龙谷» lubanzi kunenkombandlela: incazelo yekhwalithi ezidingweni zokuvikela ifana negama negama nencazelo yomugqa oyisicaba embhalweni wesifunda (2022), kanti iLonggu Liren eqondile neLonggu Hongcha ebomvu azihambisani nayo.
- Isigaba: Itiye lesifunda elidumile; inkombandlela yezwe (2020, 2025).
- Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), umasipala wedolobha iLishui (丽水, Lìshuǐ), isifunda iSuichang (遂昌, Suìchāng).
- Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — amakomidi emigwaqo ama-2, amadolobhana ayi-7 kanye nezigodi eziyi-11, imizana yezokuphatha engama-203; indawo — amahektha ayi-18 000.
- Izixhumanisi zokuma: Umbhalo unikeza u-118°41′–119°30′ impumalanga kanye no-27°13′–28°49′ enyakatho. Ojuvini lwesifunda esifanayo (遂昌土蜂蜜) emgqeni oseduze wesimemezelo umngcele ophansi we-latitude ungu-28°13′, ngakho u-«27°13′» wetiye cishe kuyiphutha lokubhala.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Endulo. Izincazelo zereferensi zibhala ukuthi ngezikhathi zeSui neTang iSuichang yayingesinye sezifunda ezingama-55 ezikhiqiza itiye ezweni, futhi ngeNorthern Song indawo yokusebenzela yetiye yaseSuichang (茶坊) yayingesinye sezikhungo ezingamashumi amane ezinkulu kakhulu ezweni. Unyaka wencazelo ukhonjwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: abanye bathi inkathi ye-Yuanyou (1086–1094), ireferensi yesifunda kuphothali kahulumeni wesifundazwe ithi unyaka wokuqala we-Chongning (1102). Iphephabhuku i-«Nongchanpin Shichang Zhoukan» (2017) libhala ukuthi ngeSouthern Song itiye lalithunyelwa njengentela. Ayikho imithombo yokuqala ezintweni ezitholakele.
- I-Tang Xianzu. Umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi uTang Xianzu (汤显祖, Tāng Xiǎnzǔ), umbhali we-«Pivoine Pavilion» (《牡丹亭》), wayeyisikhulu sesifunda saseSuichang iminyaka emihlanu futhi wabhala inkondlo 《竹屿烹茶》 mayelana nokwenziwa kwetiye. Umugqa wokugcina imithombo iwudlulisa ngezindlela ezahlukene: indatshana ku-«Zhongguo Zuojia Wang» (2022) kanye nombhalo wesifunda (2022) — «来试桃溪雨后茶», «ngizama itiye lomfula iTaoxi ngemva kwezimvula», iphephabhuku lika-2017 — «来试遂昌龙谷茶», negama letiye. Indatshana ichaza ukuthi iTaoxi nesiqongo seYujing (玉井峰) ngamagama endawo, ukuthi isikhulu sasiphuza itiye lasentwasahlobo lendawo nokuthi leli tiye lendawo elidumile manje libizwa ngeLonggu Cha; igama elithi «龙谷» alikho kule nguqulo. Isifunda sibhala ukuthi izinhlamvu ezimbili eziyi-«龙谷» zigcinwe embhalweni wesandla kaTang Xianzu ngokwakhe.
- 2001. Ngokwezindaba zesifunda (2020), kusukela kulo nyaka isifunda sakha imboni yetiye kanye nophawu lwe-«龙谷»; kusukela lapho itiye liklonyeliswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingama-50 emiqhudelwaneni. Ngokwesayithi lereferensi, ngawo lowo nyaka kwahlelwa umcimbi wetiye ne-opera yekunqu 《昆曲·龙谷丽人》.
- Ukuphela kuka-2019. Isicelo sadlula ukuhlolwa kwesine kwango-2019 kwezinkombandlela zezolimo eBeijing, lapho kwacutshungulwa imikhiqizo engama-67; kulesi sifunda lo ngumkhiqizo wesine onjalo.
- 2020. Ukubhaliswa ngesimemezelo sikangqongqoshe esinguNombolo 290 sangomhla zingama-30 kuMbasa 2020 — eqenjini lokuqala lonyaka, imikhiqizo engama-312 ezweni lonke; isitifiketi esingu-AGI02863, umnikazi ngesikhathi sokubhalisa — isiteshi sesifunda sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe betiye (遂昌县茶叶技术推广站). Ngomhla zingama-25 kuZibandlela, ngokwesayithi lereferensi, itiye lafakwa ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yezolimo «eyaziwayo, ekhethekile, esezingeni, futhi emisha» (全国名特优新农产品名录).
- 2024. Ngokwempendulo yomnyango wezolimo wesifunda (kuZibandlela 2024), ukulinganiswa kwenani lomkhiqizo kulo nyaka — izigidigidi eziyi-1,82 zama-yuan.
- 2025. Ihhovisi likazwelonke lempahla yobuhlakani ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 640 (esasayinwa mhla ziyi-16 kuNtulikazi, sashicilelwa mhla ziyi-13 kuNcwaba) laqinisekisa igama njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yezwe — umugqa wama-481 ohlwini lwemikhiqizo eyi-1409. Umfakisicelo — isikhungo sesifunda sesevisi yemboni yetiye (遂昌县茶产业服务中心).
- 24 Nhlolanja 2026. Ukuvulwa kwesizini, okwabizwa ngabezindaba ngokuthi «inkomishi yokuqala yekhofi eliluhlaza» yesifunda.
- Igama: «ISuichang» (遂昌) yigama lesifunda; «ilonggu» (龙谷) — «isigodi sikaDrako». Umbhalo wesifunda uhunyusha njengokuthi «isigodi sikadrako waphezulu» (神龙谷), indawo enhle kakhulu ezintabeni zaseSuichang; «iliren» (丽人, «inhle») egameni lomugqa oqondile — kubhekiswa kuDu Liniang.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombhalo wesifunda (2022), itiye eliyisicaba iLonggu Cha liyitiye eliyinhloko lesifunda elinengqikithi yokuthengisa yezigidi ezingama-500 zama-yuan ngonyaka, futhi kuthiwa ngalo: «enyakatho — iXihu Longjing, eningizimu — iSuichang Longgu» (北西湖龙井，南遂昌龙谷). Umbhalo ofanayo ulibiza ngokuthi «itiye lamasiko aseChina» (中华文化名茶) kanye netiye lokunambitha lombukiso wokuqala wetiye laseChina lamazwe omhlaba. Ngokombhalo ofanayo, itiye lingenela ohlwini lweshumi lwamatiye adumile aseZhejiang (浙江十大提名名茶) kanye neshumi lamatiye ezokuvakasha adumile esifundazwe, laliyitiye elisemthethweni layo yonke imibukiso yetiye eliluhlaza yaseZhejiang, ligcinwe eqoqweni leMyuziyamu Kazwelonke Wetiye WaseChina (中国茶叶博物馆), futhi itiye eliyisicaba iLonggu Cha isifunda siyibiza ngokuthi inkomba yentengo yetiye eliyisicaba lohlobo lweLongjing ezweni lonke.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela — inani lendawo (本地群体), izinhlobo zochungechunge lweLongjing (龙井系列), izinhlobo ze-albino zochungechunge olumhlophe noluphuzi (白化（黄化）系列), 嘉茗1号 (Jiāmíng 1 hào), 迎霜 (Yíngshuāng) nezinye izinhlobo ezigunyaziwe ezimaphakathi nezincane zamaqabunga. Izinhlobo ze-albino ohlwini azenzi itiye libe mhlophe noma libe phuzi: yizinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi isigaba. Ngosuku lokuqala lwesizini ka-2026, ngokombiko, bakha uhlobo 嘉茗1号.
- Imithetho yokukha: «Hlanganisa ukukha nokushiya iqabunga, gcina ibhalansi phakathi kobuningi nekhwalithi, yenza ngokwesimo sengadi» (采留结合、量质兼顾、因园制宜). Ihlumela liphelele, lisha futhi lilingana, ngaphandle kwezinsalela zesisekelo sehlumela (蒂头), izithelo, iziqu ezindala namaqabunga, ngaphandle kokungcola kwangaphandle.
- ILonggu Liren: Ngokombhalo wesifunda — ukukha kusukela eQingming kuya eGuyu, ihlumela elineqabunga elisanda kuvuleka, amahlumela amakhulu futhi alingana.
- Ukunakekelwa: Ngokombhalo — ukuthenwa okulula ngamasentimitha angama-5 – 10 ngokushesha ngemva kokukha kwentwasahlobo, ehlobo ukukha ngokushiya amaqabunga, ekwindla ukukha kuyekwa kusenesikhathi.
4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Izintaba zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeZhejiang. Iphephabhuku (2017) lichaza isifunda ngesaga «izingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye izintaba, ingxenye — amanzi, ingxenye — amasimu» (九山半水半分田): ukuminyana kwehlathi kungama-82,3 %, izimboni zincane, isidlaliso — «ulwandle lwehlathi laseningizimu yeZhejiang, itiye lamafu nenkungu».
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Izidingo zokuvikela — amamitha angama-200–1100, emithambekeni nasemagqumeni athambekele ku-25 °, endaweni ehlanzekile enesimo sezulu esihle. Ngokwephephabhuku, ama-80 % ezingadi asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-400–800.
- Isikali: Ngokwempendulo yomnyango wezolimo wesifunda (kuZibandlela 2024), izingadi zetiye zesifunda zithatha izinkulungwane ezingama-140,1 zama-mu, kuzo ezithelayo ziyizinkulungwane ezingama-133,5; isizinda esiyinhloko senkombandlela yezolimo ye-«遂昌龙谷茶» — ama-mu angama-2458; izitifiketi zetiye le-organic ezingeni likazwelonke — kuma-mu angama-1900, umkhiqizo «oluhlaza» (绿色食品) — kuma-mu angama-4557 ezingadi. Lezi zibalo zetiye lonke lesifunda.
- Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane ngohlobo lwenhlabathi emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo ubeka ukuvundiswa ngaphambi kokutshala: amathani angama-2,5–4 omquba noma insalela yesitsha se-biogas noma amakhilogremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo wamafutha nge-mu ngayinye.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ayikho ingxenye yobuchwepheshe ezidingweni zokuvikela — lokhu kuyisikhala sombhalo ngokwawo. Umbhalo wesifunda (2022) uthi kuphela ukuthi itiye eliyisicaba iLonggu Cha lenziwa ngokwe-«buchwepheshe betiye eliyisicaba baseSuichang» (遂昌扁茶加工工艺); izigaba zawo nemingcele yazo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Umbiko ka-2026 uchaza indawo yokusebenzela ezenzakalelayo, lapho izinto zokusetshenziswa «zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kotshani futhi ziba isicaba, zibe mncane, zibe luhlaza okucwebezelayo».
KwiLonggu Liren eqondile umbhalo wesifunda ubiza imisebenzi emihlanu: ukunciphisa (摊青, tānqīng), ukugxilisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukuhlikihla (搓揉, cuōróu), ukwakha isimo (整形, zhěngxíng) kanye nokumisa (烘干, hōnggān).
Itiye elibomvu iLonggu Hongcha lenziwa esifundeni ngobuchwepheshe begongfu; alihambisani nencazelo yekhwalithi ezidingweni zokuvikela.
6. Izici Zokuzwa
Incazelo — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela (itiye eliyisicaba).
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisicaba, limncane futhi lilingana, liluhlaza okwesimaragidu futhi licwebezela (外形扁平，挺削匀齐，色泽翠绿光润).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga loketshezi: I-castnut, lijulile futhi liqinile (栗香馥郁持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuthambile (滋味鲜醇).
- Umbala woketshezi: Uluhlaza okotshani, ukhanya (嫩绿明亮).
- Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Luhlaza okotshani, livuleka «njengembali», lilingana futhi likhanya (叶底嫩绿成朵、匀齐明亮).
Ifomula yombhalo — «色翠、香郁、味鲜醇»: «umbala oluhlaza okwesimaragidu, iphunga elijulile, ukunambitheka okusha okuthambile»; yona ngokwayo ochwepheshe bakangqongqoshe bayibiza ngo-2019.
ILonggu Liren, ngokombhalo wesifunda, ibukeka ngendlela ehlukile: imisonto eyindilinga eqondile «njengeshiya», eluhlaza okwesimaragidu, enoboya obuphawulekayo (条形浑直似眉，色泽翠绿显毫); iphunga lihlanzekile, limnene futhi liqinile, uketshezi luhlaza okotshani futhi lucwebezela, ukunambitheka kumnandi, kuthambile futhi kuqabulayo, ingaphansi limnene, lithemba futhi likhanya; engilazini amahlumela asukuma aqonde — «njengenhle edansa». Umbhalo ofanayo ulibiza ngokuthi «umkhiqizo oluhlaza» (绿色食品) onezindondo zegolide zamazwe omhlaba. Iphephabhuku lika-2017 lichaza ngaphansi kwegama elithi «龙谷茶» itiye elinjalo, eliqondile, hhayi eliyisicaba.
Itiye elibomvu iLonggu Hongcha, ngokombhalo ofanayo, — imisonto eminyene egobile, emnyama ecwebezelayo, enoboya begolide; uketshezi lusagolide-bomvu, lukhanya; iphunga limnandi, linothi likashukela wemithombo (饴糖香); ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kuvuselela; ingaphansi libomvu, likhanya, linamahlumela. Alihambisani nezidingo zokuvikela.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali zokuvikela:
| Inkomba | Isidingo |
|---|---|
| Umswakama | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-7,0 % |
| Ama-amino acid | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2,5 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15 % |
| Izinto ezikhiphekayo | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-36 % |
| Uthuli nezimvithi | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-1,0 % |
Ayikho eminye imininingwane ngokwakheka emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza; azikho izincomo eziqondene naleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha ayi-150.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi; kwiLonggu Liren — kufanele ibe sobala, ngaphandle kwalokho awukwazi ukubona ukuthi amahlumela asukuma kanjani.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa isitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
- Uketshezi lokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yoketshezi.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Kupakishwe ngokuqinile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa
Ngokombiko wokuqala kwesizini ka-2026, ijini leqabunga elisha lohlobo 嘉茗1号 lalibiza ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayi-100, futhi itiye leLonggu Cha lekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokwamazwi omphathi wepulazi lomndeni, lithengiswa lifinyelela kuma-yuan angama-800 ngejin.
- Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Funa uphawu lomkhiqizo olunenkombandlela yezwe: ngokombhalo, umkhiqizi wasesifundeni ufaka isicelo ehhovisi lesifunda lempahla yobuhlakani, sihlolwa isifundazwe, futhi sigunyazwa uhulumeni kazwelonke.
- Khumbula ukuthi inkombandlela ichaza kuphela itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka: iqabunga eliyisicaba eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu elicwebezelayo, iphunga le-castnut, uketshezi oluhlaza okotshani.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Umbhalo wesifunda ugomela ukuthi itiye le-«Longgu» lahamba noTang Xianzu ekubhaleni kwakhe i-«Pivoine Pavilion», kanti igama lomugqa oqondile, «inhle», libhekisela kumlingiswa wayo.
- Ukuvunyelwa komswakama kufinyelela ku-7,0 %, okuthambile kunaseQingtian Yucha naseWenzhou Zaocha (kufinyelela ku-6,5 %), bese uthuli nezimvithi kuvunyelwa okungaphezu kuka-1,0 %.
- Ezidingweni zokuvikela ayikho ingxenye yokucubungula, nakuba amatiye angomakhelwane asesimemezelweni esifanayo enayo.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ayisicaba kanye nawaseLishui
- I-Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Isibonelo setiye eliyisicaba, isifunda ngokwaso esiziqhathanisa naso: «enyakatho — iLongjing, eningizimu — iLonggu»; izinhlobo zochungechunge lweLongjing zikhona futhi ohlwini lweLonggu Cha.
- I-Qingtian Yucha (青田御茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda esifanayo saseLishui, elaqashelwa ngesimemezelo esifanayo; nalo linephunga le-castnut, kodwa linobuchwepheshe obunemininingwane embhalweni.
- I-Songyang Yinhou (松阳银猴): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseSongyang sesifunda esifanayo — eligoqwe ngento futhi elinoboya, ngokungafani neLonggu Cha eliyisicaba.
- I-Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Uhlobo lwakudala kakhulu 嘉茗1号, okuyilona eSuichang abavule ngalo isizini ka-2026.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Suichang Longgu Cha yitiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda esinezintaba elineqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, iphunga le-castnut nokunambitheka okusha okuthambile; umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza ukubukeka kwalo, kodwa awusho lutho ngobuchwepheshe. Uphawu lwe-«龙谷» lubanzi kunenkombandlela — ngaphansi kwalo kukhona iLonggu Liren eqondile, kanye netiye elibomvu, — kanti igama lisekelwa emigqeni kaTang Xianzu.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo