Suìchāng lónggǔ chá

Suichang Longgu Cha (Suìchāng lónggǔ chá, 遂昌龙谷茶) — “tii ya Chigwa cha Chinjoka kuchokera ku Suichang”, tii yobiriwira yosalala ya m’chigawo chamapiri cha Suichang (遂昌县) m’dera la Lishui kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Zhejiang. “Longgu” (龙谷) ndi chizindikiro cha m’chigawo cha tii zitatu: tii yobiriwira yowongoka Longgu Liren (龙谷丽人), tii yobiriwira yosalala Longgu Cha ndi tii yofiira Longgu Hongcha (龙谷红茶); chizindikiro cha malo chimafotokoza za yosalala yokha. Dzinali limagwirizanitsidwa ndi wolemba masewero Tang Xianzu, yemwe anali mkulu wa chigawo kwa zaka zisanu. Kuyambira 2020 ndi chizindikiro cha malo chaulimi, kuyambira 2025 ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tii yobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), yosalala. Chenjezo: zofunikira za chitetezo sizitchula mtundu ndi mawu ndipo zilibe gawo la ukadaulo. Mtundu ukuwoneka kuchokera ku malongosoledwe a mtundu m’chikalata chomwecho — tsamba lobiriwira, madzi obiriwira ofewa, pansi obiriwira ofewa — komanso kuchokera m’malemba a chigawo, pomwe yosalala Longgu Cha imatchulidwa mwachindunji kuti tii yobiriwira yosalala (扁形绿茶).
Chisamaliro cha dzina: Chizindikiro “龙谷” ndi chokulirapo kuposa chizindikiro cha malo: malongosoledwe a mtundu m’zofunikira za chitetezo amafanana ndendende ndi malongosoledwe a mzere wosalala m’malemba a chigawo (2022), pamene wowongoka Longgu Liren ndi wofiira Longgu Hongcha sakukwanira.
Gulu: Tii yotchuka ya m’chigawo; chizindikiro cha malo (2020, 2025).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), dera la Lishui (丽水, Lìshuǐ), chigawo cha Suichang (遂昌, Suìchāng).
Malo otetezedwa: Malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo — 2 makomiti a msewu, 7 matauni ndi 11 midzi, 203 midzi yoyang’anira; dera — 18 000 ha.
Zogwirizira za malo: Chikalata chimapatsa 118°41′–119°30′ E ndi 27°13′–28°49′ N. Kwa uchi wa chigawo chomwecho (遂昌土蜂蜜) mu mzere woyandikira wa chilengezo malire akumunsi a latitude ndi 28°13′, kotero “27°13′” kwa tii mwina ndi cholakwika cha kalembedwe.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthawi zakale. Malongosoledwe amalemba kuti nthawi ya Sui ndi Tang Suichang anali m’gulu la zigawo 55 zopanga tii m’dziko, ndipo nthawi ya Northern Song malo opangira tii a Suichang (茶坊) anali amodzi mwa makumi anayi akuluakulu m’dziko. Chaka cha malongosoledwe chimatchulidwa mosiyana: ena — nthawi ya Yuanyou (1086–1094), buku la chigawo pa portal ya boma la chigawo — chaka choyamba cha Chongning (1102). Magazini ya “Nongchanpin Shichang Zhoukan” (2017) imalemba kuti nthawi ya Southern Song tii inkatumizidwa ngati msonkho. Zolemba zoyambirira sizikupezeka m’zinthu zopezeka.
- Tang Xianzu. Wolemba masewero Tang Xianzu (汤显祖, Tāng Xiǎnzǔ), wolemba “Pavilion ya Peonies” (《牡丹亭》), anali mkulu wa chigawo cha Suichang kwa zaka zisanu ndipo analemba ndakatulo 《竹屿烹茶》 yokhudza kuwira tii. Mzere womaliza magwero amaupereka mosiyana: nkhani mu “Zhongguo Zuojia Wang” (2022) ndi malemba a chigawo (2022) — “来试桃溪雨后茶”, “ndikuyesa tii ya mtsinje wa Taoxi pambuyo pa mvula”, magazini ya 2017 — “来试遂昌龙谷茶”, ndi dzina la tii. Nkhani imalongosola kuti Taoxi ndi phiri la Yujing (玉井峰) ndi maina am’deralo, kuti mkulu amamwa tii ya masika ya kuno ndipo kuti tii yotchukayi tsopano imatchedwa Longgu Cha; malinga ndi mtundu umenewu dzina “龙谷” silinatchulidwe mu ndakatuloyi. Chigawo chimalemba kuti zilembo ziwiri “龙谷” zinasungidwa m’manja a Tang Xianzu mwiniyo.
- 2001. Malinga ndi nkhani za chigawo (2020), kuyambira chaka chino chigawo chimamanga makampani a tii ndi chizindikiro “龙谷”; kuyambira pamenepo tii yalandira mphoto zoposa 50 pampikisano. Malinga ndi tsamba la zolemba, chaka chomwecho chinachitika sewero la tii ndi opera ya kunqu 《昆曲·龙谷丽人》.
- Kumapeto kwa 2019. Pempho linadutsa kafukufuku wachinayi wa 2019 wa zizindikiro za malo zaulimi ku Beijing, pomwe adawunika zinthu 67; kwa chigawo ichi chinali chinthu chachinayi chotere.
- 2020. Kulembetsa ndi chilengezo cha unduna № 290 cha pa 30 April 2020 — m’gulu loyamba la chaka, zinthu 312 m’dziko lonse; satifiketi AGI02863, mwini pa nthawi ya kulembetsa — siteshoni ya chigawo yofalitsa ukadaulo wa tii (遂昌县茶叶技术推广站). Pa 25 December, malinga ndi tsamba la zolemba, tii inalowetsedwa pamndandanda wa “zodziwika, zapadera, zabwino ndi zatsopano” zaulimi (全国名特优新农产品名录).
- 2024. Malinga ndi yankho la ofesi yaulimi ya chigawo (December 2024), mtengo wa chizindikiro chaka chino — 1,82 biliyoni yuan.
- 2025. Ofesi ya dziko ya nzeru zamalonda ndi chilengezo № 640 (chosindikizidwa 16 July, chofalitsidwa 13 August) inavomereza dzinali ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo — mzere 481 pamndandanda wa zinthu 1409. Wopempha — malo ozungulira a chigawo a ntchito za makampani a tii (遂昌县茶产业服务中心).
- 24 February 2026. Kutsegulira kwa nyengo, komwe atolankhani adatcha “kapu yoyamba ya tii yobiriwira” ya chigawo.
Dzina: “Suichang” (遂昌) — dzina la chigawo; “longgu” (龙谷) — “chigwa cha chinjoka”. Malemba a chigawo amatanthauzira ngati “chigwa cha chinjoka chauzimu” (神龙谷), malo abwino kwambiri m’mapiri a Suichang; “liren” (丽人, “wokongola”) mu dzina la mzere wowongoka — ndi ulalo kwa Du Liniang.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi malemba a chigawo (2022), yosalala Longgu Cha ndi tii yaikulu ya chigawo ndi kuchuluka kwa 500 miliyoni yuan pachaka, ndipo amanena za iyo: “kumpoto — Xihu Longjing, kumwera — Suichang Longgu” (北西湖龙井，南遂昌龙谷). Malemba omwewo amatcha “tii ya chikhalidwe cha China” (中华文化名茶) ndi tii yoyesera ya chiwonetsero choyamba cha tii cha China chamayiko. Malinga ndi malemba omwewo, tii ili m’gulu la khumi la tii zodziwika za Zhejiang (浙江十大提名名茶) ndi m’gulu la khumi la tii zodziwika zokopa alendo za chigawo, inali tii yovomerezeka ya ziwonetsero zonse za tii yobiriwira za Zhejiang, imasungidwa m’malo osungira a National Tea Museum ya China (中国茶叶博物馆), ndipo yosalala Longgu Cha chigawo chimatcha chizindikiro cha mitengo ya tii yosalala ya mtundu wa Longjing m’dziko lonse.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mitundu: Malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo — anthu am’deralo (本地群体), mitundu ya mndandanda wa Longjing (龙井系列), mitundu yoyera ndi yachikasu yopanda chlorophyll (白化（黄化）系列), 嘉茗1号 (Jiāmíng 1 hào), 迎霜 (Yíngshuāng) ndi mitundu ina yovomerezeka yapakatikati ndi yaying’ono. Mitundu yopanda chlorophyll pamndandanda siipangitsa tii kukhala yoyera kapena yachikasu: izi ndi zopangira, osati gulu. Tsiku loyamba la nyengo ya 2026, malinga ndi lipoti, adatola mtundu wa 嘉茗1号.
Malamulo a kutola: “Kuphatikiza kutola ndi kusiya tsamba, kusunga bwino kuchuluka ndi mtundu, kuchita malinga ndi mkhalidwe wa munda” (采留结合、量质兼顾、因园制宜). Mphukira yonse, yatsopano ndi yolingana, yopanda zotsalira za tsinde (蒂头), zipatso, mapetiolo akale ndi masamba, yopanda zonyansa zakunja.
Longgu Liren: Malinga ndi malemba a chigawo — kutola kuyambira Qingming mpaka Guyu, mphukira ndi tsamba lomwe langotuluka kumene, mphukira zazikulu ndi zolingana.
Chisamaliro: Malinga ndi chikalata — kudulira mopepuka 5–10 cm nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kutola kwa masika, m’chilimwe kutola ndi kusiya tsamba, m’dzinja kutola kumayima msanga.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

Dera: Mapiri akumwera chakumadzulo kwa Zhejiang. Magazini (2017) imalongosola chigawo ndi mwambi “zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi za mapiri, theka — madzi, theka — minda” (九山半水半分田): nkhalango 82,3%, mafakitale ochepa, dzina lotchuka — “nkhalango ya nyanja yakumwera kwa Zhejiang, tii ya mitambo ndi chifunga”.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Zofunikira za chitetezo — 200–1100 m, pamapiri ndi zitunda ndi malo otsetsereka mpaka 25°, m’malo oyera ndi mikroklima yabwino. Malinga ndi magazini, 80% ya minda ili pamtunda wa 400–800 m.
Kukula: Malinga ndi yankho la ofesi yaulimi ya chigawo (December 2024), minda ya tii ya chigawo ndi 140,1 zikwi mu, mwa izo zobala zipatso 133,5 zikwi; maziko ofunikira a chizindikiro chaulimi “遂昌龙谷茶” — 2458 mu; satifiketi za tii ya organic ya mlingo wa dziko — 1900 mu, “zinthu zobiriwira” (绿色食品) — 4557 mu za minda. Izi ndi ziwerengero za tii zonse za chigawo.
Nthaka: Palibe deta ya mtundu wa nthaka m’magwero opezeka. Chikalata chimalamula kuthira feteleza musanabzale: 2,5–4 t manyowa kapena zotsalira za biogas kapena 100 kg keke pa mu.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Palibe gawo la ukadaulo m’zofunikira za chitetezo — uku ndi kusowa kwa chikalata chenichenicho. Malemba a chigawo (2022) amangonena kuti yosalala Longgu Cha imapangidwa ndi “ukadaulo wa Suichang wa tii yosalala” (遂昌扁茶加工工艺); magawo ake ndi magawo ake sakupezeka m’magwero opezeka. Lipoti la 2026 limalongosola fakitale yokhala ndi makina odzipangira okha, pomwe zopangira “zimataya kukoma kwa udzu ndikukhala zosalala, zowonda, zobiriwira zonyezimira”.

Kwa wowongoka Longgu Liren malemba a chigawo amatchula ntchito zisanu: kufalitsa (摊青, tānqīng), kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng), kupukuta (搓揉, cuōróu), kupanga mawonekedwe (整形, zhěngxíng) ndi kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān).

Wofiira Longgu Hongcha amapangidwa m’chigawo ndi ukadaulo wa gongfu; sakukwanira malongosoledwe a mtundu m’zofunikira za chitetezo.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Malongosoledwe — malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo (tii yosalala).

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lolala, lowonda komanso lofanana, lobiriwira ngati emerald ndi chinyezimiro (外形扁平，挺削匀齐，色泽翠绿光润).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe malongosoledwe apadera m’magwero opezeka.
Fungo la madzi: La mtedza wa chestnut, lokoma komanso lokhalitsa (栗香馥郁持久).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano komanso kofewa (滋味鲜醇).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa, wowala (嫩绿明亮).
Pansi pa tii (tsamba lopangidwa): Lobiriwira lofewa, limatseguka ngati “duwa”, lofanana komanso lowala (叶底嫩绿成朵、匀齐明亮).

Fomula ya chikalata — “色翠、香郁、味鲜醇”: “mtundu wa emerald, fungo lokoma, kukoma kwatsopano kofewa”; akatswiri a unduna adatcha zomwezo mu 2019.

Longgu Liren, malinga ndi malemba a chigawo, amaoneka mosiyana: zingwe zozungulira zowongoka “ngati nsidze”, za emerald, ndi tsitsi lowoneka bwino (条形浑直似眉，色泽翠绿显毫); fungo loyera, lofewa komanso lokhalitsa, madzi obiriwira ofewa ndi owonekera, kukoma kotsekemera, kofewa komanso kotsitsimula, pansi kochepa, kofewa komanso kowala; mu kapu mphukira zimayimirira molunjika — “ngati wokongola akuvina”. Malemba omwewo amatcha “chinthu chobiriwira” (绿色食品) ndi mphotho zapadziko lonse zagolide. Magazini ya 2017 imalongosola pansi pa dzina “龙谷茶” tii yowongoka yotere, osati yosalala.

Wofiira Longgu Hongcha, malinga ndi malemba omwewo, — zingwe zothina zopindika, zakuda ndi chinyezimiro, mu tsitsi lagolide; madzi agolide ofiira, owala; fungo lotsekemera, ndi kukoma kwa shuga wa chimera (饴糖香); kukoma kotsekemera komanso kolimbikitsa; pansi kofiira, kowala, ndi mphukira. Sakukwanira zofunikira za chitetezo.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zofunikira za physicochemical za chitetezo:

Chizindikiro	Chofunikira
Chinyezi	osapitirira 7,0 %
Ma amino acid	osachepera 2,5 %
Ma polyphenol a tii	osachepera 15 %
Zinthu zotulutsa	osachepera 36 %
Fumbi ndi zidutswa	osapitirira 1,0 %

Palibe deta ina ya kapangidwe m’magwero opezeka.

8. Kuwira

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tii yobiriwira; palibe malangizo apadera a tii imeneyi m’magwero opezeka.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Kapu yagalasi; kwa Longgu Liren — yowonekera momveka, apo ayi simungawone momwe mphukira zimayimirira.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
2. Ikani tii ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete mwa khoma.
3. Kupanga koyamba — pakatha masekondi 40–60.
4. Kumwa, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kubwereza kuwonjezera madzi kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’matumba osindikizidwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Malinga ndi lipoti la kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya 2026, jin ya tsamba latsopano la mtundu wa 嘉茗1号 inali yoposa 100 yuan, ndipo Longgu Cha yapamwamba kwambiri, malinga ndi mawu a mkulu wa famu yabanja, imagulitsidwa mpaka 800 yuan pa jin.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Kufunafuna chizindikiro cha mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo: malinga ndi chikalata, wopanga kuchokera m’chigawo amapereka pempho ku ofesi ya chigawo ya nzeru zamalonda, imawunikidwa ndi ya chigawo, imavomerezedwa ndi ya dziko.
- Kukumbukira kuti chizindikiro chimalongosola za tii yobiriwira yosalala yokha.
- Kuyang’ana maonekedwe: tsamba la emerald losalala ndi chinyezimiro, fungo la chestnut, madzi obiriwira ofewa.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Malemba a chigawo amati tii “Longgu” inatsagana ndi Tang Xianzu polemba “Pavilion ya Peonies”, ndipo dzina la mzere wowongoka, “wokongola”, — ndi ulalo kwa heroine wake.
Kuloledwa kwa chinyezi — mpaka 7,0 %, kofewa kuposa kwa Qingtian Yucha ndi Wenzhou Zaocha oyandikana nawo (mpaka 6,5 %), ndipo fumbi ndi zidutswa zimaloledwa osapitirira 1,0 %.
M’zofunikira za chitetezo mulibe gawo la kukonza, ngakhale tii zoyandikana za chilengezo chomwecho zili nalo.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tii zina zosalala ndi za ku Lishui

Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Chitsanzo cha tii yosalala, yomwe chigawo chimadziyerekeza nayo: “kumpoto — Longjing, kumwera — Longgu”; mitundu ya mndandanda wa Longjing ilinso pamndandanda wa Longgu Cha.
Qingtian Yucha (青田御茶): Tii yobiriwira yosalala ya dera lomwelo la Lishui, yovomerezedwa ndi chilengezo chomwecho; ilinso ndi fungo la chestnut, koma ndi ukadaulo watsatanetsatane m’chikalata.
Songyang Yinhou (松阳银猴): Tii yobiriwira ya chigawo cha Songyang cha dera lomwelo — yopindika ngati mbedza ndi ya tsitsi, mosiyana ndi yosalala Longgu Cha.
Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Mtundu wakwambiri kwambiri wa 嘉茗1号, womwe ku Suichang unatsegula nyengo ya 2026.

Pomaliza:

Suichang Longgu Cha — tii yobiriwira yosalala ya chigawo chamapiri ndi tsamba la emerald, fungo la chestnut ndi kukoma kwatsopano kofewa; chikalata cha chitetezo chimalongosola maonekedwe ake, koma sichinena za ukadaulo. Chizindikiro “龙谷” ndi chokulirapo kuposa chizindikiro cha malo — pansi pake pali wowongoka Longgu Liren, ndi tii yofiira, — ndipo dzinali limakhazikika pa mizere ya Tang Xianzu.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero