Shèngshuǐ lǜchá · thetea.app

IShèngshuǐ Lǜchá (Shèngshuǐ lǜchá, 圣水绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseZhushan (竹山县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseShiyan enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHubei. 圣水 kusho “amanzi angcwele,” futhi egameni alikho igama lesifunda: izincazelo zendawo zikhipha igama ezidolobhaneni zaseShengshui edolobheni laseDesheng kanye nasenganekwaneni yetiye lombuso. Iqabunga ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikelwa liyindilinga-liqondile, linamakhala abukhali, lihlaza okotshani, linoboya obubonakalayo; iphunga liphakeme futhi liqinile. Igama livikelwe yizinhlelo ezimbili: uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda kanye, kusukela ngo-2025, isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda, indawo yawo okuyizigodi namadolobhana ayishumi nesikhombisa esifundeni.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba sibalwe egameni, futhi izimfuneko zokuvikelwa zichaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza: ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHubei; uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda (AGI00316) kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda (2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), umasipala waseShiyan (十堰, Shíyàn), isifunda saseZhushan (竹山, Zhúshān).
Indawo yokuvikelwa: Ngokwezimfuneko zika-2025, okuyizigodi namadolobhana ayishumi nesikhombisa esifundeni: uChengguan, uPankou, uYishui, uMajiadu, uBaofeng, uLeigu, uQingu, uZhuping, uDesheng, uDamiao, uWenfeng, uShuangtai, uLoutai, uShenhe, uTianjiaba, uGuandu kanye noLiulin. Umfakisicelo yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseZhushan (竹山县茶叶协会).
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 109°33′–110°26′ empumalanga, 31°30′–32°37′ enyakatho, imingcele yendawo ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikelwa.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inganekwane. Izincazelo zendawo zilandisa inganekwane ngokubhekisa encwadini ethi “Five Thousand Years of Chinese Tea” (《中国茶叶五千年》). Ngokwayo, inkosana uLi Xian (李显) owayedingisiwe, owadingiselwa eFangling, endleleni ebuyela eChang’an wadlula edolobhaneni laseShengshui (圣水村) edolobheni laseDesheng lamanje (得胜镇), wanambitha itiye lendawo, walithatha waletha kunina, uMbusi wesifazane uWu Zetian (武则天). Yena kuthiwa waqamba itiye ngokuthi “iShèngshuǐ gòngchá” (圣水贡茶), itiye lokulethwa enkantolo, futhi wayala ukuba kutshalwe ingadi yetiye yombuso nethempeli. Ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi benganekwane abutholakali emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Ukukhula komkhakha. Ngokombiko wekomidi lesifunda le-National People’s Political Consultative Conference (2014), ububanzi bezingadi zesifunda bufinyelele emahektare angu-158,000, okungaphezulu ngo-58,000 kunango-2006, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elomile kwenyuka kusuka kumathani angu-620 ngo-2006 kuya kwangu-4410 ngo-2011; izingadi ezithelayo ngo-2011 zaziyi-hektare ezingu-85,000. Kulo mbiko kuthiwa itiye laseZhushan eliholwa yiShèngshuǐ Lǜchá libe wumkhiqizo oyinhloko emakethe yetiye yaseShiyan.
- Uphawu lwezolimo. Leli gama labhaliswa njengophawu lwezolimo lwesifunda ngaphansi kwenombolo AGI00316; unyaka wokubhaliswa awukabikwa emithonjeni etholiwe.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office, ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 640, yamukela iShèngshuǐ Lǜchá njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda futhi yashicilela izimfuneko zawo.
Igama: “IShèngshuǐ” (圣水) lisho “amanzi angcwele,” igama ledolobhana edolobheni laseDesheng; “lǜchá” (绿茶) lisho itiye eliluhlaza. Igama lesifunda alikho egameni, futhi ngegama lesifunda leli tiye alitholakali.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombiko womkhandlu wesifunda, itiye lingomunye wemikhakha emithathu eyinsika yaseZhushan, futhi isifunda sibizwa ngeziqu zokuthi “izwe le-ecological green tea enephunga eliphezulu laseChina” (中国高香型生态绿茶之乡) kanye “nesifunda esikhulu somkhiqizi wetiye ezweni” (全国产茶大县).

3. Incazelo Yesitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Izimfuneko zokuvikelwa aziqambi luhlobo: kukholamu “yohlobo” kubhalwe kuphela ukuthi “itiye eliluhlaza ngaphakathi kwendawo” (产地范围内绿茶). Eminye imininingwane ngama-cultivars emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.
Indinganiso yokukha: Ukukha ngesandla, lapho izihlahla seziqalile ukukhula futhi kwavela amaphesenti angu-5 ezingqamulezini ezijwayelekile (标准单芽). Ukwakheka okuqondile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ingqamulezi noma ingqamulezi enamaqabunga, akukabikwa ezimfunekweni.
Isikhathi sokukha: Izinsuku eziqondile emithonjeni etholiwe azikho; izimfuneko zixhuma ukukha ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamahlumela.
Izimfuneko zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Azikho ezinye izimfuneko, ngaphandle komkhawulo wamaphesenti angu-5 ezingqamulezini, emithonjeni etholiwe.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Isifunda esinezintaba enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHubei, esifundeni saseShiyan.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikelwa, kungu-220–2740,2 m. Lokhu ububanzi bokuphakama kwendawo, hhayi ukuphakama kwezingadi: ukuthi izingadi zimi kuphi kanye kulokhu kwehluka, izimfuneko aziwucacisi.
Inhlabathi: Inothile ngezinto eziphilayo, inongqimba oluvundile olungaphezu kuka-80 cm, i-pH 4,5–6,5.
Isimo sezulu: Imininingwane eqondile emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho. Izincazelo zendawo zibeka isifunda ezintabeni zaseQinba (秦巴) emthambekeni oseningizimu weWudangshan (武当山) futhi zikhuluma ngenkungu kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kokushisa phakathi kobusuku nemini.
Ubucwepheshe bezolimo ngokwezimfuneko: Umquba wezinto eziphilayo: umquba, ikhekhe, umquba wezilwane; ukuthena kanye nokususa ukhula; ukuvikela izinambuzane ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ezingokoqobo, nezezinto eziphilayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izimfuneko zokuvikelwa zibalula izinyathelo eziyishumi:

Ukuhlakaza iqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa kwesibili (二青, èrqīng).
Ukunikeza isimo (整形, zhěngxíng).
Ukuveza uboya (提毫, tíháo).
Ukomisa okuphindayo (复烘, fùhōng).
Ukomisa ngokuphelele kanye nokukhipha iphunga (足干提香, zúgān tíxiāng).
Ukuhlukanisa imfucumfucu kanye nokumaka (割末打标).
Ukukhetha (精选, jīngxuǎn).

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi izimfuneko aziwabeki; eminye imininingwane eqinisekisiwe mayelana nezindlela zokucubungula emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo engezansi ivela ezimfunekweni zokuvikelwa zika-2025.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuyindilinga-liqondile, linamakhala amancane abukhali, lihlaza okotshani, linoboya obubonakalayo (外形圆直，锋苗挺秀，色泽翠绿，白毫显露).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukene emithonjeni etholiwe.
Iphunga lengxube: Liphakeme futhi liqinile (高香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kubushelelezi, kusha futhi kuvuselelayo (汤味醇和，滋味鲜嫩爽口).
Umbala wengxube: Inophuzi-oluhlaza futhi icwebezela (汤色黄绿明亮).
Izindawo zetiye (iqabunga eliphekwe): Lihlaza ngobumnene, licwebezela futhi liyalingana (叶底嫩绿明亮、匀齐).

Izingxoxo ezibhalwe kabusha zencazelo yophawu lwezolimo zihlukile kulo mbhalo ezindaweni ezimbili: kuleyo, iphunga liyizinhlobonhlobo zezimbali eziqinile (花香持久), futhi ingxube ihlaza ngobumnene (嫩绿明亮), hhayi inophuzi-oluhlaza; uboya bubizwa ngokuthi buningi (白毫满披). Ukuthi yimuphi umbhalo ochaza umkhiqizo ngokunembile, emithonjeni etholiwe akunakunqunywa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izimfuneko zokuvikelwa zika-2025 zibeka lezi zinkomba:

Inkomba	Isimfuneko
Umswakama	ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %
Imfucumfucu nothuli	kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,0 %
Umlotha ophelele	ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,0 %
I-cellulose eluhlaza	ingabi ngaphezu kuka-13,5 %

Izingxoxo ezibhalwe kabusha zencazelo yophawu lwezolimo zengeza ezinye izinkomba ezimbili: ama-amino acid akhululekile angabi ngaphansi kuka-2,0 %, izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini zingabi ngaphansi kuka-36,0 %. Umthombo wokuqala walencazelo angizange ngiwuvule. Imininingwane ngama-polyphenol ne-caffeine emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

8. Ukuphisa

Inqubo yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi eceleni kodonga.
3. Ukuncelisa kokuqala, ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yengxube.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindisela kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Inqubo yesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Iphunga eliphezulu liphela kuqala, ngakho itiye liphuzwe kangcono phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Engamampunge

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholiwe ayikho.

Ungawagwema kanjani amampunge:
- Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda noma uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda; ilungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu linikezwa abakhiqizi abasendaweni.
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi ungoweSifunda saseZhushan.
- Iqabunga liyindilinga-liqondile, lihlaza okotshani, linamakhala abukhali kanye noboya obubonakalayo; iphunga liphakeme.
- Khumbula ukuthi “iShèngshuǐ” akulona isifunda: emaphaketheni kufanele kubhalwe iZhushan.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ukuphakama kwendawo ngokwezimfuneko zokuvikelwa kusuka ku-220 kuye ku-2740,2 m: ukwehluka kungaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili nengxenye.
Kukholamu “yohlobo” izimfuneko zika-2025 aziqambi i-cultivar kepha zibiza nje itiye eliluhlaza lendawo.
Eminyakeni emihlanu, kusuka ku-2006 kuya ku-2011, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye esifundeni, ngokwemininingwane yomkhandlu wesifunda, kwenyuka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kasikhombisa.
Igama letiye livela edolobhaneni, hhayi esifundeni, futhi lihlobene nenganekwane yoMbusi wesifazane uWu Zetian.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

I-Wudang Dao Cha (武当道茶): Igama eliyisambulela lamatiye esifunda saseShiyan; indawo yalo yokuvikelwa ihlanganisa nesifunda saseZhushan.
I-Zhuxi Maojian (竹溪毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane saseZhuxi esifundeni esifanayo.
I-Meizi Gongcha (梅子贡茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseZhuxi; igama lalo nalo lihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yoMbusi wesifazane uWu Zetian, futhi igama elithi “gongcha” likuyo lifana nasenganekwaneni yegama “iShèngshuǐ gòngchá” (圣水贡茶).

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shèngshuǐ Lǜchá itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHubei elinegama ledolobhana nenganekwane yombuso. Amadokhumenti ngalo omile, kepha acacile: izigodi namadolobhana ayishumi nesikhombisa, ukuphakama kusuka ku-220 kuye ku-2740,2 m, ukukha ngesandla ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamahlumela, izinyathelo eziyishumi zokucubungula kanye nesimo, iqabunga eliyindilinga-liqondile elihlaza okotshani elinamakhala abukhali noboya, iphunga eliphezulu eliqinile, ingxube ecwebezelayo.

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