I-Méizǐ gòngchá (Méizǐ gòngchá, 梅子贡茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni iZhuxi (竹溪县) esifundeni sasedolobheni iShiyan enyakatho-ntshona yesifundazwe saseHubei. Igama laso livela endaweni yaseMéizǐyà (梅子垭) eHuìwān, kanti igama elithi “gòngchá” lisho “itiye lentela”: izincazelo zasendaweni zithi ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaTang uMbusi wesifazane uWǔ Zétiān wenza leli tiye laba elasesigodlweni. IZhuxi isezintabeni zaseQínbā, lapho kuhlangana khona iHubei, iChongqing neShaanxi. Kusukela ngo-2014 leli tiye livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, futhi idokhumenti libeka okuningi ngalo, kusukela ohlotsheni nasekuphakameni kwezingadi kuya emazingeni okushisa okucubungula kanye nengxenye ye-polyphenol.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagayuliwe. Isigaba siqinisekiswa ubuchwepheshe obuvela kudokhumenti lophawu lwendawo: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa ngaphandle kwe-oxidation, kanye nokubukeka: iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, umbala ophuzi oluhlaza ocacile.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni laseHubei, umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2014).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sasedolobheni iShiyan (十堰, Shíyàn), isifunda iZhuxi (竹溪县, Zhúxī Xiàn). Indawo evikelwe iyizindawo eziyisishiyagalombili zesifunda: amadolobhana aseJiāngjiāyàn (蒋家堰镇), Zhōngfēng (中峰镇), Quánxī (泉溪镇), izigodi zase-Èpíng (鄂坪乡) naseHuìwān (汇湾乡), ipulazi letiye iMéizǐyà (梅子垭茶场), ipulazi elihlanganisiwe iYángjiābà (杨家扒综合农场) kanye nehlathi iShuāngzhú (双竹林场).
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda iZhuxi siphakathi kuka-32.3° enyakatho kanye no-109.7° empumalanga.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Endulo. Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zisukela ukutshalwa kwetiye eZhuxi kusukela enkathini yaseNtshonalanga Zhou, kanti isifunda ngokwaso sibizwa ngokuthi “izwe letiye lentela” (贡茶之乡).
- Intela, ngokwesiko. Ngokwezincazelo zasendaweni, itiye laseMéizǐyà laba ngumnikelo wasesigodlweni ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yeChūnqiū, kanti ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaTang uMbusi wesifazane uWǔ Zétiān waliqinisekisa njenge tiye lesigodlo, okuvela lapha igama elithi “Méizǐ gòng”. Amadokhumenti analezi zinsuku awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele; lokhu kuyisiko nje elidluliselwayo.
- 2014. Ngo-Ephreli 8, iHhovisi Eliphezulu Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi, Ukuhlola kanye Nokuhlukanisa (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 39 lavikela itiye njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, okungenye yezimpahla eziyishumi nesikhombisa zalesi simemezelo.
- 2016. Ngokwemininingwane eyisethenjwa, ingadi yetiye yezokuvakasha iMéizǐyà yathola isiqu sokuba ngenye “yezingadi zetiye ezinhle kakhulu e-China”.
- Igama:
- “Méizǐ” (梅子) kusho “iplamu”; iMéizǐyà (梅子垭) kusho “ichweba leplamu”.
- “Gòngchá” (贡茶, gòngchá) kusho “itiye lentela”, isikhumbuzo sesiko elidluliselwayo.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Imithombo eyisethenjwa ibiza i-Méizǐ gòngchá njengenye “yezintela ezintathu zaseZhuxi” (竹溪三贡) futhi icaphuna isisho sendawo esithi “长江三峡水，楚地梅子茶”: “amanzi aseMigwaqweni Emithathu yaseYangtze, itiye laseMéizǐ lasezweni laseChǔ”. Isifunda, ngokwaleyo mininingwane, sineziqu “zendawo yetiye eliluhlaza lomvelo laseChina” kanye “nezwe letiye laseChina”.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokwedokhumenti, Fúdǐng dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶) kanye nezinye izinhlobo zendawo ezifanele leli tiye.
- Ukutshala: Ngokwedokhumenti, izithombo ezisikiwe entwasahlobo (ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noMashi) nasekwindla (maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba) noma ukuhlwanyela ngezimbewu kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari; uma kutshalwa imigqa emibili, kuba yizihlahla ezingama-7500-8000 ngemu (i-mu).
- Ukuvuna: Ngokwedokhumenti, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kuphela ngesandla.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlamvu elilodwa noma ihlamvu elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: IZhuxi iyisifunda esinezintaba esifundeni saseQínbā lapho kuhlangana khona iHubei, iChongqing neShaanxi; imithombo eyisethenjwa ibiza ukuthi umngcele wesimo sezulu esisenyakatho neseningizimu.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwedokhumenti, kusukela ku-400 kuya ku-1200 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
- Umhlabathi: Ngokwedokhumenti, umhlabathi ophuzi onsundu (黄棕壤), i-pH 4.5-6.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-1.5%, ukujula kongqimba okungekho ngaphansi kuka-0.6 m.
- Isimo sezulu: Imininingwane eqondile yezimo zezulu yezingadi ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Idokhumenti lophawu lwendawo libeka imisebenzi eyisithupha kanye nemingcele yayo.
- Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng): Amahora angu-6-8, ungqimba olungadluli ku-3 cm.
- Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ngaphansi kuka-180-220 °C.
- Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kuze kusongeke okungenani amaphesenti angama-90 amaqabunga.
- Ukomiswa kokuqala (初干, chūgān): Emshinini wokomisa ngaphansi kuka-100-120 °C.
- Ukuqiniswa kokusongwa (紧条, jǐntiáo): Ngesandla.
- Ukomiswa kokugcina (足干, zúgān): Ngaphansi kuka-80-90 °C.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Ngokombhalo wesimemezelo ephepheni le-China Geographical Indications Association:
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lincane futhi lihle, linoboya obuvelayo, lilingana, luhlaza okwesimaragidu (细秀显毫，匀整，色泽翠绿).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lomuthi: Elihlanzekile neliphezulu (香气清高).
- Ukunambitheka: Okusha nokuthambile (滋味鲜醇).
- Umbala womuthi: Uluhlaza ophuzi ocacile, okhanyayo (汤色嫩绿明亮).
- Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Elithambile, elilinganayo, eliluhlaza futhi elicwebezelayo (叶底嫩匀绿亮).
Okunye ukulandwa kwedokhumenti, okuhambisana nezincazelo eziyisethenjwa, kubeka ukubukeka ngendlela ehlukile: ukusongwa okuqinile okunoboya, okuhlaza okwesimaragidu futhi okucwebezelayo (条索紧结、显毫、秀美，色泽翠绿光润); iphunga elihlanzekile neliqhubekayo (清香持久); ukunambitheka okusha, okuthambile nokuqinile (滋味鲜爽醇厚); izinsalela zetiye eziluhlaza, ezikhanyayo nezilinganayo (叶底绿亮匀齐). Ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo ephethe umthombo wokuqala ngokunembe kakhudlwana, angikwazanga ukukuthola.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ngokombhalo wesimemezelo:
- Umswakama: ongeqi ku-6.5%.
- Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-36.0%.
- I-polyphenol yetiye: engekho ngaphansi kwe-28.5%.
- Ama-amino acid akhululekile: embhalweni kubhalwe ukuthi “angekho ngaphezulu kwe-3.0%”; ukubonisa lokhu kuyinto engavamile ngesidingo sekhwalithi, futhi lokhu kungase kube iphutha lokubhala ephepheni.
Okunye ukulandwa kwedokhumenti esikhundleni se-polyphenol nama-amino acid kunikeza umlotha ophelele ongeqi ku-6.0% kanye nemvithi engeqi ku-5.0%; umswakama nezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini kuyefana kukho kokubili. Umthombo oyisethenjwa, ucaphuna ochwepheshe baseHuazhong Agricultural University, unikeza izilinganiso: ama-amino acid angu-2.95%, i-polyphenol yetiye engu-35.94%. Imininingwane nge-caffeine ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo
Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. Idokhumenti libeka izinkomba zekhwalithi, hhayi izakhiwo zezempilo.
9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Azikho izincomo ezihlukile kudokhumenti; ngezansi kukhona imingcele evamile yetiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke elenziwe ngamahlumela namahlumela aneqabunga.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80-85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Ukufudumeza isitsha.
- Ukufaka itiye.
- Ukuthela amanzi amancane bese uvumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engu-20-30.
- Ukwengeza amanzi; ukudonswa kokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa.
- Ukuphuza, ushiya ingxenye yomuthi phansi.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu ngokwengeza isikhathi esincane.
10. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0-5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye eliluhlaza liphuzwa ngesikhathi saso; ukuguga akudingekile. Inkomba yedokhumenti yokuthi umswakama ungeqi ku-6.5% ikhumbuza ukuthi itiye elimanzi lilulahlekela ikhwalithi.
11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu lwendawo ephepheni.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi usesinye sezindawo eziyisishiyagalombili ezivikelwe.
- Iqabunga kufanele libe lincane, lihle, linoboya obuvelayo, luhlaza okwesimaragidu; iqabunga elifiphele noma elinsundu liwuphawu lwetiye elidala noma elishiswe ngokweqile.
- Umuthi kufanele ube luhlaza ophuzi ocacile futhi okhanyayo, iphunga lihlanzekile.
12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Omunye wemisebenzi edokhumenti udinga ukwenziwa ngesandla: ukuqiniswa kokusongwa (紧条).
- Indawo evikelwe ayihlanganisi amadolobhana nezigodi kuphela, kodwa namapulazi amathathu: ipulazi letiye, elihlanganisiwe kanye nehlathi.
- Uhlobo olubhalwe kudokhumenti, i-Fúdǐng dàbáichá, ngokwemvelaphi yalo luhlobo lwaseFujian.
13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza
- I-Zhúxī Máojiān (竹溪毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo ngaphansi kwegama lesifunda. I-Méizǐ gòngchá igama elivikelwe lendawo yezindawo eziyisishiyagalombili zesifunda elinezidingo zakhona zekhwalithi.
- I-Wǔfēng Máojiān (五峰毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasentshonalanga yeHubei; esinye isifunda nomlando waso.
- I-Bǎokāng Lǜchá (保康绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda iBaokang enyakatho-ntshona yeHubei; ngokwencazelo yophawu, iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu elincane kanye nephunga elihlanzekile neliphezulu.
- I-Ēnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露): Itiye eliluhlaza laseHubei elinezinaliti eziqondile, elilungiswa ngesitimu; i-Méizǐ gòngchá ilungiswa ngomlilo owomile ku-180-220 °C.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Méizǐ gòngchá itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni laseZhuxi elinesiko lentela egameni laso kanye nedokhumenti elinemininingwane. Isiko lentela yaseTang lihlala liyisiko elidluliselwayo, kodwa idokhumenti likhuluma ngokuqondile: uhlobo i-Fúdǐng dàbáichá, izingadi ekuphakameni kuka-400-1200 m, ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo ngesandla kwamahlumela namahlumela aneqabunga, ukuqiniswa kokusongwa ngesandla. Enkomishini kuba iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu elincane elinoboya, umuthi ophuzi oluhlaza ocacile okhanyayo kanye nephunga elihlanzekile neliphezulu.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo