Fēngmù gòngchá · thetea.app

IFengmu Gongcha (Fēngmù gòngchá, 枫木贡茶) “intela eya enkantolo evela eFengmu”, itiye lasentabeni laseFengmulin Village (枫木林村) esifundeni saseGutang (古塘乡) enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sasedolobheni saseLianyuan (涟源市) esifundeni saseLoudi, esifundazweni saseHunan. Itiye likhula emthambekeni oseningizimu weNtaba iMianniushan (眠牛山) “intaba yeNkunzi eleleyo” esifundeni esinobude obuphakathi obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-600. Igama livikelwa uphawu lwendawo ohlwini lukahulumeni waseHunan. “IGongcha” egameni ivela enganekwaneni mayelana nombusi-jikelele we-Qing owathatha itiye lendawo waya enkantolo. Igama alisho isigaba; ngokuchazwa kobuchwepheshe encwadini yendawo, leli itiye eliluhlaza.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba sinqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe encwadini ka-2014 kuwebhusayithi kahulumeni waseLianyuan: ukubeka phansi, ukulungisa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusonga, ukomisa kanye nokuthuthukisa iphunga ngaphandle kokubuna ukuze kube ne-oxidation futhi ngaphandle kokufaka umoya. Angizange ngibone idokhumenti yophawu enesigaba.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni; uphawu lwendawo uhlu lwesifundazwe aluhlukanisi phakathi kwezimpawu ezihlanganyelwe neziqinisekisayo; isicelo, ngokushicilelwa kwendawo, sasifakwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe (isigaba 2).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sasedolobheni sase-Loudi (娄底, Lóudǐ), isifunda sasedolobheni sase-Lianyuan (涟源, Liányuán), isifunda sase-Gutang (古塘, Gǔtáng).
Indawo: Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2014, itiye lenziwa emzaneni wase-Fengmulin nasengxenyeni yomzana wase-Niubu (牛埠村) esifundeni sase-Gutang. Irejista le-athikili esekelwe kuyo lihlobanisa uphawu nomzana wase-Fengmulin, kanti uhlu lwesifundazwe luhlobanisa uphawu ne-Lianyuan; lokhu kungokwesiphathimandla, hhayi umngcele wendawo. Angizange ngiyihlole indawo ngokwayo yokusetshenziswa kophawu.
Umnikazi, inombolo nonyaka wokubhalisa: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Izwe letiye lase-Anhua. Isifunda sase-Gutang ngaphambilini sasingaphansi kwesifunda sase-Anhua. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2014 kucaphuna “I-Anhua County Chronicle” (《安化县志》) ka-1992: nge-Yuan ne-Ming, amatiye esifunda “云雾茶” kanye “芙蓉茶” ayethunyelwa njengentela enkantolo. Lokhu kushiwo nge-Anhua jikelele, hhayi nge-Fengmu.
- Inganekwane ngendela. Ukushicilelwa okufanayo kulandisa inganekwane: njalo ngonyaka ngaphambi komkhosi we-Guyu, indela ethempelini lase-Mount Yuntai (云台山) ohlangothini lwe-Taoxijie (桃溪界) yayikha ngasese itiye e-Mianniushan; abantu bendawo bayilandela, bazama itiye futhi balazisa iphunga lalo kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside.
- Inganekwane ngentela. Ngokwenganekwane, maphakathi ne-Qing, umbusi-jikelele wase-Liangjiang, efika e-Anhua ezovakashela izihlobo, wayala ukuthi kuletwe itiye lase-Fengmulin futhi walenza ngeketela lobumba elinsomi (紫砂) ngomlilo wamagatsha kamalibhele; itiye lalinombala we-maojian kanye nephunga le-longjing. Isikhulu sathatha ama-jin ambalwa saya enkantolo kusukela lapho itiye laba “gongcha”, abantu bendawo babengasalitholi. Igama lesikhulu ikhasi elifanayo libhala ngezindlela ezahlukene: enganekwaneni 陶澎, ekwengezeni ngezansi Tao Shu (陶澍). Njengentela, ngokwenganekwane, kwakuthunyelwa kuphela izihlahla ezivela “esiswini senkunzi” amashumi ambalwa e-mu, kungaphezu kwekhulu elincane lama-jin ngonyaka.
- Uphawu. Encwadini yesifundazwe “Hunan in Brief” (湖南简况), eyanyatheliswa ngoDisemba 2020, “枫木贡茶” iphakathi kwezimpawu ezingama-229 ezihlanganyelwe neziqinisekisayo ezinophawu lwendawo, ekukhishweni kuka-2024 iphakathi kwezingama-250. Ezinhleni zemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo zencwadi efanayo igama alikho. Isicelo sophawu, ngokwengezwa ekhasini lika-2014, safakwa ngo-2016; unyaka wokubhalisa awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- 1989 no-2015. Ngokwengezwa ekhasini elifanayo, ngo-1989 inkampani yetiye yase-Lianyuan yaphinda yakhiqiza itiye elahlekile, futhi ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe betiye besifundazwe lathola amaphuzu angu-90.09; ngo-2015 “枫木贡茶” yaqashelwa njengophawu lokuthengisa oludumile lwesifundazwe sase-Hunan.
Igama: “IFengmu” (枫木) “umaple”; umzana wase-Fengmulin (枫木林) “Ihlathi Lemaple”. “IGongcha” (贡茶) “itiye lentela”, itiye lenkantolo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IGutang ingaphakathi ezweni elidala lase-Meishan (梅山); ukushicilelwa kuka-2014 kuthiwa ibizwa ngokuthi “i-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2014, ukuvuna okuhamba phambili izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi nangemuva komkhosi we-Qingming (清明); ukuvuna kwesibili okuchazwe cishe kungesomkhosi we-Guyu (谷雨).
Izinga lokuvuna: Nge-Qingming ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶); nge-Guyu ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamane.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2014, isifunda sase-Gutang sisenhla eningizimu yochungechunge lwe-Taoxijie igatsha lezintaba ze-Xuefengshan ekuphakameni okuphakathi okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-600.
Indawo: Umzana wase-Fengmulin usemngceleni osenyakatho wesifunda; izintaba ziwuzungezile ngezinhlangothi ezintathu, izindlela eziphumayo zibheke eningizimu, enyakatho-mpumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Itiye likhula e-Mount Mianniushan, emthambekeni obheke eningizimu.
Isimo sezulu: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
Inhlabathi: Akukho ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi emithonjeni etholakele. Ukwengezwa ekhasini lika-2014 kubiza i-Gutang njengesizinda esaziwayo semikhiqizo yezolimo e-Hunan esicebile nge-selenium.
Indawo: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ukushicilelwa kuka-2014, okubhalwe ngemuva kokuvakashela inkampani yendawo, kuchaza inhlanganisela yomsebenzi wezandla kanye nemishini. Lena incazelo yomkhiqizi oyedwa, hhayi izidingo zophawu.

Ukubeka phansi (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga elisha lishiywa amahora ambalwa ukuze kukhishwe ingxenye yomswakama; kubaluleke kakhulu eqabungeni elivunwe emvuleni noma emazolo.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu; bese iqabunga liphola lifike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngomshini.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān) kabili: Okokuqala kuze kube yizingxenye eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa eziyishumi zokoma, bese kuphola futhi komiswe kuze kube yizingxenye eziyisishiyagalolunye eziyishumi. Ngesikhathi sokomisa iqabunga lihlala liphakanyiswa, lijikijelwa futhi linyakaziswa ngezandla; uphethiloli amalahle okhuni, amalahle noma ugesi.
Ukuthuthukisa iphunga (提香, tíxiāng) kanye nokuqinisa ukuma: Ngomshini; izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kukhethwa yingcweti enolwazi.

Amaqabunga apholiswa ngezitsha zikabambu; ngenxa yekhwalithi, ogwayi ne-bethel akungeniswa endaweni yokusebenzela, futhi abesifazane abasebenzisi amakha.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

Okungezansi incazelo evela encwadini ka-2014; angizange ngiyibone idokhumenti enezidingo zokubukeka.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Itiye elivunwe kusenesikhathi linoboya obumhlophe obugqamile, izintambo zicashile, ziyindilinga, ziqinile futhi ziqondile, ziluhlaza okomnyama (白毫显露，条索细圆紧直，呈深绿色). Itiye le-Guyu limnyama ngokuluhlaza (墨绿). Ukwengezwa ekhasini elifanayo, kuchaza ukubukeka okufanayo, kubiza umbala ngokuthi i-emerald (翠绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshala: Etiyeni lakuqala lithambile (嫩香), etiyeni le-Guyu kunephunga elimnandi le-castnut (栗香浓郁).
Ukunambitheka: Etiyeni lakuqala kumnandi futhi kuqabulayo (味甘爽口), etiyeni le-Guyu kumnandi futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside (味甘绵长).
Umbala wotshala: Etiyeni lakuqala ucacile, uluhlaza okumsulwa (通透清绿), etiyeni le-Guyu ucacile, uphuzi futhi ukhanya (通透黄亮). Itiye elinikezwe umbhali ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukushicilelwa okufanayo kuchaza njengokusagolide nokucacile.
I-tip yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukwengezwa ekushicilelweni kuka-2014 kunikeza ukuhlaziywa kwesikhungo sokulawula esifundazweni semikhiqizo yezolimo: i-selenium 0.818 mg/kg. Ukuthi iyiphi iqoqo nokuthi iyiphi indlela akushiwongo. Ayikho eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2014 kuncoma amanzi acishe abe ngu-85 °C; amapharamitha ajwayelekile esigaba 80–85 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe, ukuphisa kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, ukuphisa kabili kuya kathathu okuphindaphindiwe.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunxa

Ayikho idatha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunxa:
- Funa uphawu “枫木贡茶” ephaketheni.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Gutang esifundeni sase-Lianyuan.
- Itiye lakuqala izintambo ezincane eziqinile eziluhlaza okomnyama ezinoboya obugqamile kanye notshala obuluhlaza obucacile.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Isifunda sase-Gutang ngaphambilini sasingaphansi kwesifunda sase-Anhua, kodwa namuhla singaphansi kwe-Lianyuan esifundeni sase-Loudi.
Kubantu, ngokwekhasi elifanayo, itiye libizwa ngokuthi “香十里” “iphunga lamamayela ayishumi”.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye ase-Hunan angomakhelwane

I-Anhua Song Zhen (安化松针): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Anhua, lapho isifunda sase-Gutang ngaphambilini sasingaphansi khona; ngesimo “senaliti kaphayini”.
I-Xinhua Hongcha (新化红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Xinhua esifundeni esifanayo sase-Loudi; ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu limi eduze kwe-”枫木贡茶”.
I-Taojiang Lücha (桃江绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hunan ngaphansi kophawu ohlwini olufanayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Fengmu Gongcha itiye lomzana owodwa wasentabeni osuka emthambekeni oseningizimu weNtaba yeNkunzi eleleyo: ukuvuna kusenesikhathi nge-Qingming, ukulungisa, ukusonga kanye nokomisa kabili, izintambo ezincane eziluhlaza okomnyama kanye notshala obuluhlaza obucacile. Igama “gongcha” lisekelwe enganekwaneni ngentela, futhi ukuvikelwa kusekelwe ophawini ohlwini lwesifundazwe.