Xiǎohú shuǐxiān · thetea.app

I-Xiaohu Shuixian (Xiǎohú shuǐxiān, 小湖水仙) wuphawu lwendawo lwedolobhana i-Xiaohu (小湖镇) esifundeni sase-Jianyang edolobheni i-Nanping, esifundazweni i-Fujian, etiyeni elivela ezinhlobeni ze-shuixian. Idolobhana liyindawo lapho, ngokomlando wesifunda sase-Jian’ou, kwatholakala khona uhlobo ngokwalo: edolobhaneni i-Dahu, emhumeni wasentabeni i-Yancha. Ngesikhathi sika-Guangxu, itiye lalithunyelwa lisuka lapha ngaphandle kwegama elithi «岩叉水仙», futhi e-Dahu, ngokwephephandaba lendawo, kwakuvulwa izitolo zetiye abahwebi abavela e-Guangdong nase-Hong Kong. Uphawu lwango-2017 lubekela idolobhana igama lalo ngaphakathi kwe-shuixian yase-Jianyang; luhamba iminyaka emibili nengxenye ngaphambi kophawu lwesifunda «建阳水仙». Impahla yophawu ibhalwe kalula nje ngokuthi «itiye», kanti uhlobo lwase-Jianyang lusetshenziselwa kokubili i-oolong netiye elimhlophe, ngakho-ke lesi sihloko sime phakathi kwezinhlolovo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Isigaba asimisiwe wuphawu: impahla ibhalwe ngokuthi «茶». Iphephandaba lesifunda (2017) lichaza i-shuixian yase-Dahu njenge-oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) — «ukunambitheka kwe-oolong ngemva kokuthelela»; kusuka ohlotsheni olufanayo e-Jianyang kwenziwa netiye elimhlophe i-Shuixian Bai (水仙白).
Isigaba: Uphawu lwedolobhana ohlotsheni endaweni yemvelaphi yalo; igama elingaphezu kwezindawo eziningana ezingaba khona.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), idolobha i-Nanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda i-Jianyang (建阳区, Jiànyáng qū), idolobhana i-Xiaohu (小湖, Xiǎohú); indawo yomlando yokutholakala — idolobhana i-Dahu (大湖村).
Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza i-Jianyang njengobunikazi bokuphatha bomphathi — isikhungo sokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya sedolobhana i-Xiaohu (南平市建阳区小湖镇乡村振兴发展中心). Umngcele wedolobhana njengendawo yophawu awuqinisekisiwe; umngcele osemthethweni angikawuboni.
Uhlobo lokuvikelwa: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo lwe-CNIPA № 17925384, isigaba 30, impahla — itiye; labhaliswa mhla zingama-28 kuNdasa 2017. Ohlwini lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kusebenza.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda i-Jianyang — cishe u-27.3° N kanye no-118.1° E; izixhumanisi zedolobhana ngokwalo angizitholanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ukutholakala ngokomlando. Iphephandaba lesifunda lase-Jianyang (2017) licaphuna «Umlando Wesifunda sase-Jian’ou» (《建瓯县志》), owabhalwa ngo-1929: i-shuixian «ivela entabeni i-Yancha (岩叉山) yedolobhana i-Dahu lesigodi i-Xiaohu» e-Heyili (禾义里), entabeni kunomhume i-Zhutaoxian (祝桃仙洞); isakhamuzi sase-Xiqianchang, esasigawula izinkuni ezintabeni, sathola eduze nomhume isitshalo esinephunga elimnandi, esifana netiye, sasitshala engadini, kanti itiye elivela eqabungeni laso laba «elokuqala ngephunga phakathi kwawo wonke amatiye».
- Isikhathi. Abanye babeka ukutholakala ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-Daoguang, abanye — eminyakeni ye-Daoguang nje. «Umlando Wedolobhana i-Xiaohu» (《小湖镇志》), ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, ubheka ukuthi kusondelene neqiniso ukuqala kwe-Daoguang, okungukuthi iminyaka ye-1820.
- Kungani i-Jian’ou. Ngokwephephandaba, i-Dahu ngokomlando yayingaphansi kwezindawo namuhla ezingaphansi kwe-Jian’ou, futhi lapho kwakukhulunywa ulimi lwase-Jian’ou; i-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) nayo ibhala ukuthi i-Xiaohu ngesinye isikhathi yayingaphansi kwe-Jian’ou. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukutholakala kuchazwa umlando wase-Jian’ou, hhayi owase-Jianyang.
- Ukuchuma ngesikhathi sika-Guangxu. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, ngaleso sikhathi kwakuthunyelwa kakhulu ngaphandle «i-Yancha Shuixian»; abahwebi abavela e-Guangdong nase-Hong Kong babevula izitolo zetiye e-Dahu, ukuhweba eminyakeni emihle kwakudlula izinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-dan, futhi emfuleni i-Nanpuxi ngenkathi yetiye lasentwasahlobo kwakuma izikebhe ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.
- 1925. Ngokwendaba yabaphathi bendawo, ecashunwa iphephandaba, isitolo «Huang Rongmao» sase-Dahu saxuba i-shuixian yasentabeni i-Tiantai ngeyase-Dahu futhi sathola umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni wesifundazwe wamatiye asenyakatho ye-Fujian; ngaleso sikhathi umbusi wesifundazwe wanikela esitolo ibhodi elinombhalo othi «武夷春色» — «Intwasahlobo e-Wuyi».
- 2017. Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «小湖水仙» № 17925384 — ngaphambi kophawu lwesifunda «建阳水仙» (ngoMandulo 2019) nangezinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kophawu «武夷山水仙».
Isihlahla sikamama: Umlando wango-1929 wawubhala ukuthi «isihlahla sikamama e-Xiqianchang sisaphila kuze kube namuhla». Iphephandaba lika-2017 libika ukuthi kamuva lesi sihlahla satholakala somile. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo yakamuva ibhala ngendawo evikelwe ezungeze isihlahla sikamama e-Dahu. Ukuthi lesi yisihlahla esisodwa yini, ngokwemithombo etholakele akunakumiswa.
Igama: «I-Xiaohu» (小湖) yigama ledolobhana, «ichibi elincane». «I-Shuixian» (水仙, shuǐxiān) igama lohlobo, «ingane yasezulwini yamanzi», kanjalo kubizwa ngayo i-narcissus ngesiShayina. Ngokwephephandaba, olimini lwase-Jian’ou u-«祝仙» (ngegama lomhume) no-«水仙» kuzwakala kufana, okuvela khona igama; abanye bakuchaza ngephunga le-narcissus.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Edolobhaneni i-Xiaohu, i-shuixian iyisitshalo esiyinhloko: ngokwephephandaba, itiye likhula cishe kuyo yonke imizana, futhi iningi likhula i-shuixian. Abaphathi bedolobhana, ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, bagxile hhayi ekwandiseni izindawo, kodwa ekhwalithini nasemvelweni; i-Xiaohu inesiqu sedolobhana lemvelo lesifundazwe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo: I-Shuixian (水仙), i-shuixian yase-Fujian. Ngokwe-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) — isihlahla esincane (小乔木型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), aneqabunga eliwugqinsi nelinezinombolo; lifaneleka ikakhulukazi i-oolong, kodwa lizibonakalisa kahle nasetiye elimhlophe, nasetiye elibomvu. I-triploid, isatshalaliswa ngezinqumo nangezimpande, imiqumbe iqala ukuhluma sekwephuzile. Ngo-1984 yamukelwa njengohlobo lukahulumeni oluphambili «华茶9号» (GSCT9).
Isikhathi sokukha: Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, uhlobo luhluma sekwephuzile, futhi ukukha ngokuvamile kuqalwa ngemva komkhosi we-Qingming.
Izinga lokukha: Okophawu emithonjeni etholakele akuchazwanga.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: INyakatho ye-Fujian, isifunda i-Jianyang; edolobhaneni, ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, kugeleza umfula i-Nanpuxi (南浦溪), umngenelo we-Jianxi.
Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu: Imininingwane yendawo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Izindawo: Ngokwephephandaba (2017), indawo noma umkhiqizo we-shuixian edolobhaneni akukakadluli umkhawulo womlando; iphephandaba alinikezi izinombolo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo ongamisa ubuchwepheshe bophawu emithonjeni etholakele awukho. Ezigabeni ezimbili lapho uhlobo lusebenza khona, izinhlelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

I-oolong shuixian ngokwezinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 30357.4—2015:
1. Ukuvutshelwa okulingene (萎凋, wěidiāo).
2. Ukunyakazisa kanye ne-oxidation (做青, zuòqīng).
3. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng).
4. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
5. Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān).
Itiye elimhlophe elisuka ohlotsheni olufanayo — ukuvutshelwa nokomiswa, ngaphandle kokuqinisa nokusonga.

Zombili izinhlelo zijwayelekile esigabeni, hhayi incazelo yomkhiqizo ophansi kophawu; imingcele emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo zomkhiqizo ophansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Ngezansi — incazelo ye-shuixian evela esihlokweni sephephandaba lesifunda nge-Dahu (2017); inikezwe ohlotsheni lwe-oolong, hhayi uphawu. I-«Fujian Ribao» (2025) ibeka i-xiaohu shuixian «esikoleni sokunambitheka okwakho» (本味系): isimo sohlobo esithambile neside, iphunga le-orchid elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokunoshukela.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Likhudlwana kunetiye elijwayelekile, licwebezela njengamafutha, limnyama nsundu (油亮乌褐色).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele azikho.
Iphunga lokuthelela: I-orchid, kwezinye iziqephu — ubisi noma iphunga lembali ye-narcissus; ngemva kokuthelela iphunga licacile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha nokugcwele (茶味鲜醇).
Umbala wokuthelela: Ogcwele (茶色浓重); umthunzi oqondile iphephandaba aliwusho.
Izindleko zetiye (iqabunga elitheleliwe): Izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele azikho.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical yomkhiqizo ophansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

8. Ukuthelela

Umkhuba wesigaba — imingcele incike ekutheni uphethe i-oolong noma itiye elimhlophe.

I-oolong: 95–100 °C, 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml, ukuthelela kokuqala imizuzwana engu-15–30, ukuthelela kahlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa ngokunweba.
Itiye elimhlophe: 85–90 °C, 4–5 g ngo-150 ml, ukuthelela kokuqala cishe imizuzu emibili, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kuvaliwe, endaweni eyomile nepholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohliso

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhohliso:
- Funa uphawu «小湖水仙» № 17925384 kanye nomkhiqizi ovela edolobhaneni i-Xiaohu.
- Cacisa isigaba: uphawu alusho ukuthi yi-oolong noma itiye elimhlophe.
- Khumbula ukuthi i-shuixian yigama lohlobo olukhula kuyo yonke i-Fujian; indawo iqinisekiswa wuphawu kuphela.
- Ungadidanisi nophawu lwesifunda «建阳水仙» № 28346009: umphathi walo yinhlangano ehlukile — isiteshi sesifunda sokusabalalisa izitshalo zobuchwepheshe.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Umbhalo ngokutholakala kohlobo, ocashunwa iphephandaba lesifunda lase-Jianyang, awuthathwanga emlandweni wase-Jianyang, kodwa wase-Jian’ou: idolobhana i-Dahu lake laba ngaphansi kwe-Jian’ou.
Igama «ingane yasezulwini yamanzi», ngokwencazelo yendawo, lavela ekufananeni kwegama lomhume.
Ngokwendaba, ebhalwe iphephandaba, ngo-1925 i-shuixian yase-Dahu exutshwe neyase-Tiantai yathola ibhodi «Intwasahlobo e-Wuyi» — umbhalo onegama lezintaba ezingomakhelwane.
Uphawu lwedolobhana lwabhaliswa iminyaka emibili nengxenye ngaphambi kophawu lwesifunda sonke.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye avela ohlotsheni lwe-shuixian

I-Jianyang Shuixian (建阳水仙): Uphawu lwesifunda ohlotsheni olufanayo; i-Xiaohu iyisikhungo salo somlando esinophawu lwaso.
I-Nanlu Shuixian (南路水仙): Uphawu lwedolobhana lomakhelwane i-Jian’ou; iphephandaba libeka esikoleni esifanayo «sokunambitheka okwakho».
I-Jian’ou Shuixian Cha (建瓯水仙茶): Uphawu lwe-Jian’ou jikelele; ukutholakala kohlobo kuchazwa umlando wesifunda sase-Jian’ou.
I-Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): I-shuixian yase-Wuyishan — itiye lasemadwaleni eligxile ekugazingweni.
I-Shuixian Bai (水仙白): Itiye elimhlophe lase-Jianyang elisuka ohlotsheni olufanayo.
I-Yongchun Minnan Shuixian (永春闽南水仙): Igatsha laseningizimu, lapho uhlobo lwafika khona nge-Wuyishan.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiaohu Shuixian — uphawu lwendawo lapho, ngokomlando, kwatholakala khona i-shuixian: idolobhana i-Dahu, intaba i-Yancha, umhume eduze kwendlela yomgawuli wezinkuni. Uphawu alusho isigaba, futhi kuqotho ukusho kanjalo — i-shuixian yase-Xiaohu iba yi-oolong netiye elimhlophe. Okunye okuqinisekile yilokhu: umlando wokutholakala, okwedlule kwezohwebo kwe-Dahu nezitolo zase-Hong Kong nezikebhe e-Nanpuxi, kanye nophawu lwango-2017, idolobhana elalithola ngaphambi kwesifunda salo.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 30357.4-2015

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo