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Ikhaya · Oolong · I-Nanlu Shuixian

Nánlù shuǐxiān

Nánlù shuǐxiān · 南路水仙

I-Nanlu Shuixian (Nánlù shuǐxiān, 南路水仙) iwulong evela ohlotsheni lwe-shuixian lwasedolobhaneni lase-Nanya (南雅镇) edolobheni lase-Jian’ou (建瓯市) esifundeni sase-Nanping enyakatho yesifundazwe sase-Fujian. I-shuixian yase-Jian’ou ihlukaniswa ngendawo ibe amagatsha amathathu: i-Beiyuan, i-Nanlu, ne-Gaoshan, futhi ohlwini lwesifundazwe kuphela i-Nanlu enophawu lwayo lwezindawo: uphawu lwesitifiketi No. 20516889 lwabhaliswa ngo-2018 lwenzelwa isikhungo sokuthuthukisa idolobhana lase-Nanya. Ngokomlando wendawo, ngaphambi kuka-1949 le tiye yayithunyelwa e-Hong Kong naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

  • Uhlobo: I-wulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá). Isihloko sekhomishini yomlando wendawo kanye nehhovisi lezokuvakasha lase-Jian’ou (saphinde sashicilelwa kubhulogi ngo-2015) siyibiza ngetiye eline-fermentation engaphelele kanye “nohlobo lwekhwalithi lwe-wulong”; kurejista yophawu lwezimpahla ibhalwe nje ngokuthi “itiye”, ngaphandle kwesigaba.
  • Isigaba: I-wulong yasenyakatho ye-Fujian (闽北, Mǐnběi) evela ohlotsheni lwe-shuixian; igatsha langaphakathi lesifunda le-shuixian yase-Jian’ou; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2018).
  • Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda sase-Nanping (南平, Nánpíng), idolobha lase-Jian’ou (建瓯, Jiàn’ōu), idolobhana lase-Nanya (南雅, Nányǎ). Isihloko esifanayo sibiza indawo eyinhloko nendawo yokuzalwa yaleli tiye ngokuthi i-Bailianke (白莲窠) eduze kwedolobhana lase-Lukou (鲁口村).
  • Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza i-Jian’ou njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi: isikhungo sokuthuthukisa idolobhana lase-Nanya (建瓯市南雅镇乡村振兴发展中心). Angizange ngiwubone umngcele osemthethweni wendawo.
  • Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-CNIPA No. 20516889, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo: itiye; lwabhaliswa ngomhla ka-21 Februwari 2018. Kuhlu lwangomhla ka-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
  • Indlela yokuvikela engumakhelwane: Isifunda sonke, kuhlanganise nedolobhana lase-Nanya, sifakwe endaweni yesitifiketi sezindawo esibizwa nge-“北苑贡茶” (Beiyuan Gongcha), esaqashelwa yi-CNIPA ngo-2025; uhlobo lwe-shuixian luyashiwo kuso.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

  • Umlando:
    • I-Bailianke. Isihloko sekhomishini yomlando wendawo kanye nehhovisi lezokuvakasha lase-Jian’ou sichaza endaweni yesigodi isigodlo esidala sezindela i-Bailiansi (白莲寺) kanye nezinsalela zezindonga, okuthe ngokwababhali kukhombisa imboni enkulu yetiye. Ngemuva kwesigodlo bathola izihlahla ezindala ze-shuixian; ububanzi besiqu esisodwa bungamasentimitha angu-60, ubudala bulinganiselwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-170. Anginakho engingakuqinisekisa ngalokhu kulinganisa.
    • Umsunguli ngokomlando. I-“Nanya Town Chronicle” (《南雅镇志》) ekulandiseni kwalesi sihloko esifanayo ibiza umdali waleli tiye ngo-Lin Zuxiao (林祖孝), owavela esifundeni sase-Anxi. Wayesebenza “kukholomu yaseningizimu” (南路军) yebutho le-Taiping, ngemuva kokwehlulwa kokuvukela wazinza e-Bailianke futhi watshala itiye, kwathi kamuva wavula isitolo sakhe setiye.
    • Ukuphakama. Ngokwesihloko esifanayo, itiye lalisaziwa ngaphandle kwezwe kakade ngesikhathi se-Qing; ngaphambi kuka-1949 laliya e-Xiamen, e-Chaoshan, e-Guangzhou, e-Hong Kong nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanti indawo elalitshalwa kuyo ngesinye isikhathi yafinyelela ku-26,000 mu.
    • Imiklomelo ngokwesihloko. Ngo-1910: umklomelo wekhwalithi embukisweni wokuqala wetiye yase-Nanyang; ngo-1915: izindondo zegolide nezesiliva embukisweni womhlaba wase-Panama e-San Francisco; ngo-2003 nango-2004: iziqu ze-“tea king” zezinkanyezi ezine nezinhlanu emiqhudelwaneni e-China. Angizange ngiwabone amadiploma.
    • Ngo-2018. Kwaqashelwa uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-“南路水仙” No. 20516889: ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu ngaphambi kophawu lwesifunda sonke lwe-“建瓯水仙茶” (ngo-Septhemba 2019).
    • Namuhla. Ngokwesihloko sewebhusayithi ye-China National Radio (2024), amatiye ase-Jian’ou athengiswa ngaphansi kophawu lwesifunda sonke lwe-“北苑贡茶”: ngegama letiye lasebukhosini i-Beiyuan, kanti i-Nanya ibizwa ngokuthi indawo eyaziwayo yokuhweba ngamatiye kanye “netheku” elidala letiye.
  • Igama:
    • “Shuixian” (水仙, shuǐxiān) yigama lohlobo; ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “ingcosana yamanzi”, okuyindlela yesiShayina yokubiza i-narcissus.
    • “Nanlu” (南路, nánlù) lisho “umgwaqo oseningizimu”. Isihloko sinikeza izincazelo eziningana: idolobhana liseningizimu yomfula i-Jianxi, engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda; itiye laliya eningizimu: emazweni aseSouth Seas (Nanyang) nase-Guangdong; ngokwe-“Nanya Town Chronicle”, igama lanikezwa ukukhumbula “ikholomu yaseningizimu” yama-Taiping.
    • Inganekwane. Inganekwane ikhuluma ngempungushe enomlingo egama layo lingu-Nanlu (南露), eyaba unkosikazi womlimi wetiye u-A Lang: ngosizo lwakhe izihlahla zakhe zahluma, ukoma kwakhe kwadlula okwakamakhelwane, futhi umyeni waqamba itiye ngegama lakhe. Igama elithi 南露 lizwakala lifana nelithi 南路.
  • Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Nanlu Shuixian yigama elidala lokuhweba ledolobhana, manje eseliphenduke umthetho.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

  • Uhlobo: I-Shuixian (水仙), i-shuixian yase-Fujian. Ngokwesihloko semboni ye-“Fujian Daily” (2025): isihlahla esincane (小乔木型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sineqabunga eliwugqinsi futhi elinamanzi, elicebile ngezinto; lilungele kakhulu i-wulong. Uhlobo lungu-triploid, lusatshalaliswa ngezinqumo nangamahlumela, imiqumbe iqala ukuhluma sekwephuzile. Ngo-1984 lwamukelwa njengohlobo olukhethekile lukahulumeni “华茶9号” (GSCT9).
  • Izinkathi zonyaka: Isihloko sekhomishini yomlando wendawo sibeka itiye lasentwasahlobo ngaphezu kwakho konke, ebusika kuba ngelesibili, ekwindla kuba ngelesithathu, kanti ehlobo liba ngaphansi kwakho konke (以春茶为上，冬茶略次，秋露第三，夏茶最次).
  • Indinganiso yokuvuna: Kophawu ayikachazwa emithonjeni etholakele. Indinganiso kazwelonke ye-wulong shuixian i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ibiza ngezinto ezingavuthiwe iqabunga, umqumbe “omile” (驻芽) kanye namahlumela amancane ohlobo lwe-shuixian: lokhu kuyisidingo sesigaba, hhayi sophawu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

  • Isifunda: Inyakatho ye-Fujian, umfula i-Minjiang ongenhla, usebe lwe-Jianxi (建溪) engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda sase-Jian’ou.
  • Isimo sezulu: Ngokwesihloko sekhomishini yomlando wendawo: isimo sezulu esiphakathi nendawo esishisayo sasolwandle esine-monsoon: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-18.8 °C, imvula ingaphezu kuka-1600 mm, ilanga lingaphezu kwamahora angu-1800 ngonyaka. Ekuseni phezu kwe-Bailianke kuba nenkungu, emini kuba nelanga eliningi.
  • Inhlabathi: “Ubumba oluphuzi olunamatshe anesihlabathi” (沙石黄泥地), ngokwencazelo luvundile.
  • Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane etholakalayo emithonjeni.
  • Ukunakekelwa kwamasimu: Ngokwesihloko somsakazo (2024), amapulazi amaningi ase-Nanya anciphise umquba, afaka esikhundleni sezibulala-zinambuzane ukuvikela okuphilayo, futhi avuna isivuno esisodwa noma ezimbili kuphela ngonyaka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo onobuchwepheshe bophawu awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele; ukulandisa ngomsunguli kukhuluma kuphela ngokomiswa ngokucophelela (精工焙制). Ku-wulong shuixian indinganiso kazwelonke i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ibeka ukulandelana okulandelayo:

  1. Ukwetha okungaphelele (萎凋, wěidiāo).
  2. Ukunyakazisa nokwenza i-oxidation (做青, zuòqīng).
  3. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng).
  4. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
  5. Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān).

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo ye-Nanlu Shuixian; amapharamitha awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Azikho izincazelo zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele. I-“Fujian Daily” (2025) ibeka i-shuixian yase-Nanya “esikoleni sokunambitheka kwemvelo” (本味系) kanye namanye ama-shuixian ase-Jian’ou nase-Jianyang; isihloko sendawo sibhala “ngobumnandi obungaphakathi kwephunga elimnandi” (香里带甜). Izigatshana ziyisiqondiso nge-GB/T 30357.4—2015, izinga eliphezulu (特级) le-shuixian esongwayo, okungukuthi izidingo zawo wonke ama-wulong avela ohlotsheni, hhayi ophawu.

  • Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Likhulu, lisonywe ngokuqinile (壮结), limnyama futhi licwebezela ngamafutha (乌油润).
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Iphunga lokuphisa: Eliwugqinsi noma elihlanzekile futhi elide (浓郁或清长); iphephandaba libhala ngephunga le-orchid elihlanzekile (清雅的兰香).
  • Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okugcwele nokuvuselelayo noma okugcwele futhi okumnandi (鲜醇浓爽或醇厚甘爽); ngokwephephandaba: kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kumnandi (滋味醇厚，绵柔甜润).
  • Umbala wokuphisa: Ophuzi-osawolintshi, okhanyayo (橙黄明亮).
  • Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Eliwugqinsi, elithambile, elicwebezelayo (肥厚软亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical ngomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba ku-wulong ovela ohlotsheni olunamaqabunga amakhulu.

  • Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
  • Inani letiye: 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
  • Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
  • Inqubo:
    1. Fudumeza izitsha bese ugeza iqabunga kafushane.
    2. Ukuphisa kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-15–30.
    3. Ngokuthelela ngakunye engeza isikhathi.
    4. Ukuphisa okuyisihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Vala ngokuqinile, endaweni eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle. Isihloko sekhomishini yomlando wendawo sikhuluma nge-Nanlu Shuixian esekhulile (陈年), kodwa asizichazi izimo zokuyiguga.

10. Intengo Kanye Nokomgunyathi

Ayikho idatha ngezintengo ze-Nanlu Shuixian emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwesihloko somsakazo (2024), itiye eliqediwe lase-Jian’ou lishibhe kakhulu kunelase-Wuyishan.

  • Ukwazi ukugwema okomgunyathi:
    • Funani uphawu lwe-“南路水仙” No. 20516889 kanye nomkhiqizi ovela edolobhaneni lase-Nanya.
    • Ungadidanisi nophawu lwesifunda sonke lwe-“建瓯水仙茶” No. 30317804: lumboza isifunda sonke, hhayi igatsha elilodwa.
    • Khumbula ukuthi i-shuixian yigama lohlobo olukhula kulo lonke elase-Fujian; indawo yemvelaphi iqinisekiswa uphawu kuphela.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

  • Uphawu lwedolobhana lwabhaliswa ngaphambi kophawu lwesifunda sonke: ngo-Februwari 2018 uma kuqhathaniswa noSepthemba 2019.
  • Umnikazi wophawu akusiyona inhlangano noma inkampani, kodwa isikhungo sokuthuthukisa idolobhana.
  • Isikhathi sonyaka sesibili ngekhwalithi isihloko sendawo asisibheki njengehlobo noma ikwindla, kodwa ubusika.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye avela ohlotsheni lwe-shuixian

  • I-Jian’ou Shuixian Cha (建瓯水仙茶): Uphawu lwesifunda sonke lohlobo olufanayo; i-Nanlu iyigatsha layo eliseningizimu elinophawu lwaso.
  • I-Xiaohu Shuixian (小湖水仙): Uphawu lwedolobhana endaweni yokuzalwa yohlobo e-Jianyang engumakhelwane; iphephandaba libeka lokhu “esikoleni sokunambitheka kwemvelo” esifanayo.
  • I-Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): I-shuixian yase-Wuyishan iyitiye lamadwala eligxile ekuthosweni naseku-“scaly taste”.
  • I-Shui Xian (水仙): I-wulong evela kulolu hlobo jikelele, ngaphandle kokuhlobana nendawo eyodwa.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Nanlu Shuixian iyigatsha ledolobhana le-shuixian yase-Jian’ou elinophawu lwaso lwango-2018. Umlando wayo ubhalwe yizincwadi zendawo: indawo yesigodi i-Bailianke, umsunguli ovela kukholomu yase-Taiping, ukuthunyelwa e-Hong Kong naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izihlahla ezindala eduze kwesigodlo. Angizange ngiwuthole umbhalo onencazelo yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu, ngakho ukubukeka kunikezwa ngokwendinganiso kazwelonke ye-wulong shuixian.

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