Yǒngchūn Mǐnnán shuǐxiān

Yongchun Minnan Shuixian (Yǒngchūn Mǐnnán shuǐxiān, 永春闽南水仙) — i-oolong yaseNingizimu Fujian evela ezinhlobeni ze-shuixian zesifunda saseYongchun (永春县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha laseQuanzhou, esifundazweni saseFujian. Lolu hlobo lwafika lapha luvela enyakatho: ngokombiko ku “Fujian Daily”, phakathi neminyaka yeDaoquang isakhamuzi sasedolobhaneni laseXianxi emkhandlwini waseHuyang saletha izithombo ze-shuixian zivela eWuyishan futhi, ngokuhlanganisa indlela yokucubungula yasenyakatho neyaseningizimu, sakha “i-minnan shuixian”. Isikole saseningizimu sihluke kwesasenyakatho ngokuthi i-oxidation ilula, ukugazingwa kulula, nokusontwa ngendwangu okwenza iqabunga ligobe, licishe libe yindilinga. Kusukela ngo-2009 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, oluphethwe yinhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: I-oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) yesikole saseNingizimu Fujian (闽南, Mǐnnán). Kurejista yempahla yophawu ibhalwe ngokuthi «茶» — “itiye”, ngaphandle kwesigaba; isigaba simiswe ngezincazelo ze-yongchun shuixian.
Isigaba: I-oolong yaseNingizimu Fujian evela ezinhlobeni ze-shuixian; enye “yezimbali ezinhlanu zegolide” ze-fujian shuixian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2009).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha iQuanzhou (泉州, Quánzhōu), isifunda iYongchun (永春, Yǒngchūn). Indawo lapho, ngokwephephandaba, kwaqala khona i-shuixian yendawo, yidolobhana laseXianxi (仙溪村) emkhandlwini waseHuyang (湖洋镇).
Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza iYongchun njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu — inhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda saseYongchun (永春县茶叶同业公会), ikheli layo ohlwini libhalwe emkhandlwini waseYudou. Umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angizange ngiwubone.
Uhlelo lokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-CNIPA № 6655469, isigaba 30, impahla — itiye; lubhaliswe mhla zingama-21 kuZibandlela 2009. Kuhlu lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza. Uhulumeni wesifunda ngo-2024 wabiza lolu phawu phakathi kwezimpawu zesitifiketi eziyisishiyagalombili zaseYongchun, eduze kweYongchun Foshou.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda iYongchun — cishe 25.2–25.6° N no-117.7–118.5° E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Imvelaphi yohlobo. I-Shuixian wuhlobo lwaseNyakatho Fujian. “Fujian Daily” (2025) ibiza idolobhana laseDahu emkhandlwini waseXiaohu esifundeni saseJianyang njengendawo yalo yokuzalwa.
- Iminyaka yeDaoquang. Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, phakathi neminyaka yeDaoquang yobukhosi bakwaQing isakhamuzi sasedolobhaneni laseXianxi emkhandlwini waseHuyang ogama lakhe linguZheng Shibao (郑世报) saletha izithombo ze-shuixian zivela eWuyishan, sahlanganisa amasu aseNyakatho Fujian naseNingizimu Fujian futhi sakha i-minnan shuixian, eyaziwa “ngephunga elihlanzekile eliphezulu nokunambitheka okugcwele”. Usuku oluqondile iphephandaba alilunikeli.
- 2009. Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi «永春闽南水仙» № 6655469; ngawo lowo nyaka inhlangano efanayo yathola uphawu «永春佛手». Ohlwini lwesifundazwe ngaphambi kwalo ku-shuixian kukhona kuphela uphawu lweqoqo «漳平水仙茶» (2008); izimpawu zezifunda ezisenyakatho — iXiaohu, iWuyishan, iNanlu, iJianyang neJian’ou — zavela ngo-2017–2019.
- Namuhla. Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, isikole saseningizimu ngaphansi kobuholi beZhangping eminyakeni yamuva “silinganisa nenyakatho”: i-oxidation yenziwa inamandla kakhudlwana futhi kubhekwa kakhulu ukugazingwa, kugcinwa iphunga lezimbali.
Igama:
- «Yongchun» (永春) yigama lesifunda, “intwasahlobo yaphakade”.
- «Minnan» (闽南, Mǐnnán) — “eningizimu yeFujian”; uhlamvu 闽 luyigama elidala lesifundazwe.
- «Shuixian» (水仙, shuǐxiān) yigama lohlobo, “ingcosana yamanzi”; kanjalo ngesiShayina kubizwa i-narcissus.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: “Fujian Daily” ibala iYongchun phakathi “kwezimbali ezinhlanu zegolide” ze-shuixian — kanye neJianyang, iJian’ou, iWuyishan neZhangping — futhi ibiza igatsha laseningizimu ngokuthi “isikole sobungcweti” (巧技派), kanti elisenyakatho — elokuqala (正统宗室).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo: I-Shuixian (水仙), i-fujian shuixian. Ngokwe “Fujian Daily” (2025) — isihlahla esincane (小乔木型), esinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sineqabunga eliwugqinsi elinonyama, elifaneleka ngokukhethekile i-oolong; i-triploid, isakazwa ngezinqumo nangezingqimba, imiqumbe iqala ukuhluma sekwephuzile. Ngo-1984 yamukelwa njengohlobo olusezingeni eliphezulu likahulumeni «华茶9号» (GSCT9).
Ungakudidi: Ngokwaleli phephandaba elifanayo, i-Guangdong Fenghuang Shuixian — wuhlobo oluhlukile: i-diploid, inani lezinhlamvu zesikhathi sokuqala, «华茶17号».
Indinganiso yokukha: Emafthini atholakele ayikachazwa uphawu. Indinganiso kazwelonke ye-oolong shuixian i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ibiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuthi iqabunga, umqumbe “omile” (驻芽) namahlumela athambile ohlobo — lesi yisidingo sesigaba, hhayi sophawu.
Isikhathi sokukha: Azikho izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: INingizimu Fujian, isifunda iYongchun ngaphansi kukamasipala waseQuanzhou.
Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu: Ayikho imininingwane yendawo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukusatshalaliswa ngemikhando: Ingxenye yemikhando ngayinye ekukhiqizeni inikezwa kuphela yisiza sezentengiso; lezi zinombolo angizidluliseli.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe ngokombhalo wophawu angizange ngibubone. Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa ziqhathanisa i-yongchun shuixian ne-wuyishan kanjena:

Ukomiswa elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng): Kulula kunaseWuyishan.
Ukunyakazisa (摇青, yáoqīng): Kushintshaniswa nokuphola nokuphumula kweqabunga (摇晾结合), hhayi ukuphindwa kaningi ngokulandelana.
Ukusonta ngendwangu (包揉, bāoróu): Kuyangezelelwa; ngokwe “Fujian Daily”, yikho okuqonde ukuguqula ukusontwa okude kube okugobile, kucishe kube yindilinga.
Ukugazinga (烘焙, hōngbèi): Kubhekwa ngokukhethekile.

Amapharamitha emithonjeni etholakele awekho. Ukulandelana okuvamile kwe-oolong shuixian indinganiso kazwelonke i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ikubeka kanjena: ukubuna okuphakathi (萎凋, wěidiāo), ukunyakazisa ne-oxidation (做青, zuòqīng), ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān). Lesi yisikimu esivamile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu.

6. Izici Zezwa

Izincazelo zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele azikho. Ngezansi — incazelo yesikole saseningizimu ye-shuixian jikelele evela ku “Fujian Daily” (2025); iphathelene namatiye aseZhangping, eYongchun, eAnxi naseXianyou ndawonye, hhayi eyodwa yaseYongchun.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Ukusontwa okugobile, kucishe kube indilinga ngemva kokusontwa ngendwangu; umbala “oluhlaza okwesihlabathi, onamafutha” (砂绿油润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokumnika: Eliphezulu, elihlanzekile, lezimbali elincane — “njenge-orchid nanjenge-osmanthus” (清高锐逸的花香，如兰似桂); iphephandaba alicacisi ukuthi kukhulunywa ngephunga leqabunga elomile noma lokumnika.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuvuselelayo, okumnandi nokugcwele, nokunambitheka kwangemva okude (鲜爽甘醇).
Umbala wokumnika: Ophuzi osawolintshi, ogqamile (橙黄明亮).
Izindiza zetiye (iqabunga elithelelwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indinganiso i-GB/T 30357.4—2015 ihlukanisa i-oolong shuixian ibe esontiwe (条形) necindezelwe (紧压形); umkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu uhlobene naluphi uhlobo, emithonjeni etholakele akushiwongo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yama-physicochemical yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuthelela

Inqubo yesigaba ye-oolong evela ezinhlobeni ezinamaqabunga amakhulu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yodaka.
Inqubo:
1. Kushisisa izitsha bese kugezwa iqabunga kafushane.
2. Ukuthelela kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30.
3. Ngokuthelela ngakunye engeza isikhathi.
4. Ukuthelela okuhlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa.

9. Ukugcinwa

Inqubo yesigaba. Evalwe kahle, endaweni eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle. Itiye lokugazinga okulula, njengoba iphephandaba lichaza isikole saseningizimu, kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka, ngenkathi kusagcinwa iphunga lezimbali.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwanye ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Funani uphawu «永春闽南水仙» № 6655469 nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni iYongchun.
- Khumbulani ukuthi i-shuixian yigama lohlobo olumila kulo lonke elaseFujian; indawo iqinisekiswa wuphawu kuphela.
- Ungakudidi neZhangping Shuixian: leyo icindezelwa ibe yizitini eziyisikwele, ezisongwe ngephepha.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Lolu hlobo lwafika eYongchun luvela enyakatho yesifundazwe, luvela eWuyishan, kanti indlela yokucubungula yaseYongchun yahlanganisa amasu asenyakatho naseningizimu.
Uphawu lwaseYongchun ku-shuixian ludala ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi kunezimpawu zezifunda ezisenyakatho, lapho kwavela khona lolu hlobo.
Esifundeni esisodwa kuhlangana izimpawu ezimbili zesitifiketi zama-oolong — iYongchun Minnan Shuixian neYongchun Foshou, futhi zombili ziphethwe yinhlangano eyodwa.
Iphephandaba libiza isikole saseningizimu ngokuthi “isikole sobungcweti”, kanti esisenyakatho — ngokuthi esokuqala.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ohlobo lwe-shuixian

Zhangping Shuixian (漳平水仙): Ummeleli oyinhloko wesikole saseningizimu: i-oolong yohlobo olufanayo, ecindezelwe ibe yizikwele.
Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): I-Wuyishan shuixian — itiye lamadwala eligxile ekugazingweni; lapho, ngokwephephandaba, kwathathwa khona izithombo zaseYongchun.
Jian’ou Shuixian Cha (建瓯水仙茶): I-shuixian yasenyakatho “yesikole sokunambitheka kwakho” enokugontwa okuqinile okuminyene kwesikole sasenyakatho.
Jianyang Shuixian (建阳水仙): Uphawu lwesifunda lapho kwatholakala khona lolu hlobo ngokwalo.
Fo Shou (佛手): Enye i-oolong evikelwe yesifunda iYongchun, yohlobo oluhlukile.
Shuixian (水仙): Isihloko sohlobo oluvamile lwenhlanganisela.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yongchun Minnan Shuixian — igatsha laseningizimu le-fujian shuixian: uhlobo oluvela enyakatho, olucutshungulwa ngendlela yaseningizimu, lune-oxidation elula, ukusontwa ngendwangu nephunga lezimbali. Uphawu luka-2009 lwaqinisa igama esifundeni ngaphambi kokuba izifunda ezisenyakatho ze-shuixian zithole izimpawu. Umbhalo owawungachaza umkhiqizo ngokwawo ngaphansi kophawu angizange ngiwuthole, ngakho isimo sawo sinikezwe ngencazelo yephephandaba yesikole saseningizimu jikelele.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 30357.4-2015

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №6655469

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo