Jiànyáng shuǐxiān

IJianyang Shuixian (Jiànyáng shuǐxiān, 建阳水仙) — wuphawu lwendawo lwesifunda saseJianyang (建阳区) sedolobha laseNanping, esifundazweni saseFujian, ngetiye lohlobo lwe-shuixian. IJianyang iyindawo eyazalwa lolu hlobo uqobo: umlando omdala wesifunda ulandisa ukuthi isihlahla satholakala emhumeni osentabeni iYancha endaweni yaseDahu, endaweni yanamuhla yasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu, nokuthi kwatholakala ngengozi indlela yokulisabalalisa ngamahlumela. Lolu hlobo lwamukelwa njengolohlobo lukahulumeni oluphambili futhi lwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseFujian nakude. Uphawu lubhalwe phansi kwempahla “itiye” ngaphandle kokucacisa isigaba, kanti uhlobo lwaseJianyang lusetshenziswa kokubili ku-ulong nakutiye elimhlophe — yingakho le ndatshana ibekwe phakathi kokuhlaziya.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Isigaba asichazwanga wuphawu: impahla ibhalwe njengoba “茶叶”. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ichaza i-shuixian yasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu njenge-ulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá); kusuka kuhloobo olufanayo eJianyang kwenziwa netiye elimhlophe iShuixian Bai (水仙白).
Isigaba: Uphawu lohlobo endaweni yalo yemvelaphi; igama eliphezu kwezigaba eziningana.
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), idolobha laseNanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda saseJianyang (建阳区, Jiànyáng qū).
Indawo: Uhlu lwezimpawu lwesifundazwe lubiza iJianyang njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
Indlela yokuvikelwa: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo noma lweqoqo lwe-CNIPA № 28346009, impahla — itiye. Ohlwini lwangomhla ka-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho emibhalweni yophawu.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ukutholakala ngokomlando. “Umlando Wesifunda saseOuning” (《瓯宁县志》) uthi itiye le-shuixian livela eHeili (禾义里, namuhla okuyidolobhana laseXiaohu), endaweni yaseDashanping eDahu. Kukhona intaba iYancha (岩叉山), futhi kuyo kunomhume iZhutaoxian (祝桃仙洞). Umuntu owayesebenza ngetiye, wayegawula izinkuni ezintabeni, wathola eduze komhume isitshalo esifana netiye nesinephunga elimnandi, wasitshala engadini yakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi udonga lwengadi lwawela esihlahleni, amagatsha acindezelwe ahlumela izimpande — kanjalo, ngokomlando, kwatholakala ukusabalalisa ngamahlumela.
- Isikhathi negama. Isiko lendawo libeka ukutholakala eminyakeni kaDaoguang (cishe ngo-1821) futhi libiza owatholayo njengomlimi ogama lakhe linguSu. Igama lomhume emithonjeni libhalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: 祝桃洞, 祝桃仙洞, 祝仙洞.
- Ukusabalala. Uhlobo lwasakazeka enyakatho naseningizimu yeFujian. Ngokocwaningo lwango-1943, olucashunwe yimithombo yezindaba zezamabhizinisi, i-shuixian yaseJianyang ngaleso sikhathi yayisisakazeke kakhulu ezintabeni zaseWuyishan.
- Uhlobo lukahulumeni oluphambili. Uhlobo, olwaziwa njenge “福建水仙”, lwamukelwa njengolohlobo lukahulumeni oluphambili ngenombolo “华茶9号” (GSCT9). Iphephandaba lesifundazwe lithi ngo-1984, incwadi yokubuka ithi ngo-1985; ukungafani angikuxazululanga. Lona ukuphela kohlobo oluphambili oluvela eJianyang.
- 1988. Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yendawo, isihlahla sikanina sacishe sasuswa: idolobhana lalihlela ukutshala amawolintshi, futhi isihlahla savikelwa ngumfiki owayebuyele ekhaya. Ngolunye uhlobo, ngaleso sikhathi izihlahla ezimbalwa zathuthwa zisuka emhumeni zayiswa ethambekeni eDahu. Namuhla kuzungeze isihlahla sikanina kunendawo evikelekile nonogada.
- Ifa. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-shuixian yasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu bufakwe ohlwini lwefa elingaphatheki ledolobha laseNanping. Idolobhana iQinxi lasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu ngo-2019 laba idolobhana eliyisibonelo lesifundazwe lohlelo “idolobhana elilodwa — umkhiqizo owodwa” nge-shuixian.
- Uphawu. Uphawu lwesitifiketi noma lweqoqo “建阳水仙” № 28346009. Umnikazi nonyaka wokubhaliswa abakho emithonjeni etholakele. Idolobhana laseXiaohu linophawu lwalo — “小湖水仙”.
Igama:
- “Jianyang” (建阳) — igama lesifunda.
- “Shuixian” (水仙, shuǐxiān) — ngokwezwi nezwi “ingilosi yasemanzini”, yilelo gama isiShayina elibiza ngalo i-narcissus. Incazelo yendawo yehlukile: uhlobo lwalubizwa nge “Zhuxian” (祝仙) ngomhume, kanti ngolimi lwendawo “祝” luzwakala njengo “水”, futhi igama laphenduka “shuixian”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Imithombo yendawo ibiza iXiaohu ngokuthi “indabuko” ye-shuixian (祖庭). Ngokomlando wendawo, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa eduze komhume wasentabeni kwavela uhlobo, iphephandaba lesifundazwe elithola kuma-ulong aseJianyang, eJian’ou naseWuyishan enyakatho yeFujian naseZhangping naseYongchun eningizimu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo: Isihlahla setiye Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, uhlobo 水仙.
Uhlobo: Ngokwencazelo yephephandaba lesifundazwe — isihlahla esincane (小乔木型), samaqabunga amakhulu (大叶类), sezikhathi eziphuzile (晚生种), i-triploid. Sisatshalaliswa ngezindlela zokusika nangamahlumela.
Iqabunga: Eliminyene nelinamanzi, elicebile ngezinto; ngokwalelo phephandaba uhlobo lulungele kakhulu i-ulong, kodwa lunikeza umphumela ogqamile nakutiye elimhlophe, nakutiye elibomvu.
Ukusatshalaliswa: Ngokwemibiko ye-China National Tea Museum, uhlobo luvela edolobhaneni laseDahu lasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu, litshalwa iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu futhi lisakazeke kakhulu enyakatho naseningizimu yeFujian.
Ungadidanisi: I-Fujian shuixian iyi-triploid enezikhathi eziphuzile, kanti i-Guangdong Fenghuang Shuixian (华茶17号) iyi-diploid, inani lembewu lezikhathi zakuqala. Lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinamagama afanayo.
Izinga lokuvuna: Alichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele yophawu.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: INyakatho yeFujian, isifunda saseJianyang sedolobha laseNanping; isikhungo somlando sohlobo — idolobhana laseXiaohu nedolobhana iDahu.
Isihlahla sikanina: Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yendawo — siphakeme cishe ngo-2 m, ethambekeni elikude eDahu.
Ukuphakama, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu: Ayikho imininingwane yendawo yophawu emithonjeni etholakele.
Isilinganiso: Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yendawo, edolobhaneni iQinxi lasedolobhaneni laseXiaohu kunezingadi zetiye ezingaphezu kuka-4000 mu. Ayikho imininingwane yezindawo kuso sonke isifunda emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo obeka ubuchwepheshe bophawu awukho emithonjeni etholakele.

Njenge-ulong. Imithombo yezindaba ichaza i-shuixian yaseXiaohu ngezigaba ezinhlanu, njengezinga likazwelonke le-ulong shuixian:
1. Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo).
2. Ukunyakazisa kanye nokwenza i-oyidi (做青, zuòqīng).
3. Ukumisa (杀青, shāqīng).
4. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
5. Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān).
Njenge tiye elimhlophe. Nge-Shuixian Bai — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba setiye elimhlophe: ukubuna nokomisa, ngaphandle kokumisa nokusonga.

Ayikho imingcele yobuchwepheshe baseJianyang emithonjeni etholakele. Zombili izinhlelo — ezijwayelekile zesigaba, hhayi incazelo yomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu.

6. Izici Zezinzwa

Azikho izincazelo zomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele. Isiqondiso — izinga likazwelonke le-ulong shuixian GB/T 30357.4—2015, ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级) le-shuixian esongiwe (条形); lezi izidingo zayo yonke i-ulong yalolu hlobo, hhayi uphawu lwaseJianyang.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Elikhulu, elisongwe ngokuqinile (壮结), elimnyama nelicwebezelayo (乌油润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomcako: Eliminyene noma elihlanzekile nelide (浓郁或清长).
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okugcwele nokuvuselelayo noma okugcwele nokumnandi (鲜醇浓爽或醇厚甘爽).
Umbala womcako: Ophuzi ngokusawolintshi, okhanyayo (橙黄明亮).
Isizinda setiye (iqabunga elidliwe): Eliminyene, elithambile, elicwebezelayo (肥厚软亮).

Izinga lihlukanisa i-ulong shuixian ngesongiwe (条形) nesicindezelwe (紧压形), namabanga amane ngalunye.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical yomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba se-ulong yohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma imbhiza yobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha bese ugeza iqabunga kafushane.
2. Ukumcako kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15–30.
3. Ngokwezwa ngakunye yandisa isikhathi.
4. Iziphuzo ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

Nge-Shuixian Bai emhlophe — umkhuba wetiye elimhlophe: 85–90 °C, ukumcako okude kakhudlwana, i-gaiwan noma imbhiza.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kuvalwe kahle, endaweni eyomile nepholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi

Ayikho imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
- Funa uphawu № 28346009 nomkhiqizi wesifunda saseJianyang.
- Cacisa isigaba: uphawu alusho ukuthi i-ulong noma itiye elimhlophe, — bheka ilebula.
- Khumbula ukuthi “shuixian” — igama lohlobo olukhula kude nangaphandle kweJianyang; indawo yemvelaphi iqinisekiswa wuphawu kuphela.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokomlando, indlela yokusabalalisa i-shuixian ngamahlumela yatholakala ngodonga lwengadi olwawela esihlahleni.
“Ingilosi yasemanzini” egameni, ngokwencazelo yendawo, — iphutha lokuzwa: “祝” no “水” ngolimi lwendawo bazwakala ngokufanayo.
Uhlobo — i-triploid, lusatshalaliswa ngezindlela zokusika nangamahlumela; ngokomlando wendawo, luqalwe yisihlahla esisodwa eduze komhume wasentabeni.
Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yendawo, isihlahla sikanina eDahu siphakeme cishe ngamamitha amabili kuphela, kanti ngo-1988 cishe sasuswa ukuze kutshalwe amawolintshi.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ohlobo lwe-shuixian

Shuixian (水仙): Indatshana eyisisekelo yomkhumbi nge-ulong yalolu hlobo ezifundeni ezahlukene.
Shuixian Bai (水仙白): Itiye elimhlophe laseJianyang lohlobo olufanayo — indlela yesibili ye-shuixian yaseJianyang.
Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): IShuixian ingelinye lamaqembu amahlanu etiye lamatshe laseWuyishan; uhlobo lwafika lapho luvela eJianyang.
Zhangping Shuixian (漳平水仙): I-ulong ecindezelwe ngezikwele zohlobo olufanayo eningizimu yeFujian.
Fenghuang Shuixian (凤凰水仙): Uhlobo lwaseGuangdong lwe-diploid olunegama elifanayo — isihlahla esihlukile nomlando ohlukile.

Ekuphetheni:

IJianyang Shuixian — uphawu oluqinisekisa indawo ilungelo layo elikhulu: lapha, eduze komhume osentabeni iYancha, kwatholakala isihlahla esaba ngolunye lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-ulong yaseFujian. Uphawu alusisho isigaba, futhi kuqotho ukusho kanjalo: i-shuixian yaseJianyang kungaba i-ulong netiye elimhlophe. Okuqinisekile kuyo — umlando wokutholakala, isimo sikahulumeni sohlobo nesihlahla sikanina, esisakhula eDahu kuze kube namuhla.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 30357.4-2015

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo