Shàngyú Juénóng cuìmíng chá

I-Shangyu Juenong Cuiming Cha (Shàngyú Juénóng cuìmíng chá, 上虞觉农翠茗茶) itiye eliluhlaza lendawo yaseShangyu (上虞区) yesifunda sikaMasipala waseShaoxing, esifundazweni saseZhejiang, elineqabunga eligoqwe laba «umqulu omncane wezimbali» (花卷形). Leli gama lihlanganisa igama lendawo, igama lomdabuka wakule ndawo uWu Juenong (吴觉农), obizwa ngokuthi «ongcwele wesimanje wetiye» (当代茶圣), kanye negama elithi «cuiming» — «itiye eliluhlaza njenge-emeraldi». Kusukela ngoDisemba 2020 leli gama liwuphawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kwathi ngo-2025 lamukelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Itiye lenziwa kuphela ngamahlumela entwasahlobo ngokwe-«zinqubo eziyisishiyagalolunye»: ukusakaza kathathu, ukugazinga kathathu, ukomisa kathathu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Leli gama lisetshenziswa ngqo yikhathalogi yezethenjwa; ubuchwepheshe buwukusakaza, ukugazinga, ukomisa. Isihloko sezethenjwa kanye nesahluko somnyango wezolimo wesifunda kubiza iShangyu ngokuthi «indawo yendabuko yetiye eliluhlaza», futhi umnyango ubeka i-cuiming ezingeni elilinganayo namatiye endawo i-longjing, i-needle-shaped shunhao (针形舜毫) kanye ne-huibai (辉白).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe; uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (2020); umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), umasipala waseShaoxing (绍兴, Shàoxīng), isifunda saseShangyu (上虞, Shàngyú).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa mayelana nokubhaliswa kuka-2020 — amadolobhana angu-20, amadolobhana amancane kanye namakomiti emigwaqo anezigodi zokuphatha ezingama-281: amakomiti emigwaqo aseBaiguan, eCao’e, eDongguan, eDaoxu, eXiaoyue, eLianghu naseSongxia; amadolobhana amancane aseZhangzhen, eFenghui, eShangpu, eTangpu, eYonghe, eYiting, eXietang, eGaibei, eChangtang naseXiaguan; izigodi zaseLingnan, eChenxi naseDingzhai. Ikhathalogi yezimpawu zendawo ibeka kafushane: indawo yokuphatha yamanje yesifunda saseShangyu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 120°36′23″–121°06′09″ empumalanga, 29°43′38″–30°16′17″ enyakatho — ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa esifanayo.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye lendawo ku-«Canon of Tea». Abahleli bokuvulwa kokuqoqwa kuka-2026 bakhumbuza umugqa kaLu Yu ovela ku-«Canon of Tea» (《茶经》): «浙东，以越州上» — itiye elingcono kakhulu leMpumalanga yeZhejiang livela esifundeni saseYuezhou.
- Amanye amatiye amadala esifunda. Amaphephandaba (2021) abonisa amatiye adumile esikhathi esidlule — 凤鸣茶, 后山茶, 覆卮山鹁鸪岩茶, 本色芽茶, 贡熙珠茶, — kodwa awachazi ukuthi ahlobene kanjani ne-cuiming.
- 2019. Iziphathimandla zesifunda zethule uhlobo lwebhrendi yesifunda olujwayelekile «觉农·翠茗» kanye nokuphatha ngokwe-«mithetho eyisithupha efanayo» (六统一): ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kophawu lwentengiso, ubuchwepheshe, izinga lekhwalithi, ukupakishwa, inani elincomekayo kanye nokuphromotha. Amaphephandaba (2021) abiza inyanga yokwethulwa ngoMashi, isihloko sezethenjwa sithi 25 Ephreli.
- Ephreli 2020. Ngokombiko weTea Institute yeZhejiang University, ngo-14 Ephreli ochwepheshe beTea Research Institute yeChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, i-Hangzhou Tea Research Institute yeAll-China Federation of Supply and Sales Cooperatives kanye nomnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe bavuma ngazwi linye isisekelo sephrojekthi yesikhungo ngobuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nokumiswa kwezinga le-«觉农·翠茗»; ngo-22 Ephreli esifundeni kwaqaliswa umugqa ozenzakalelayo we-«觉农·翠茗».
- 25 Disemba 2020. UMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemaphandleni ngesimemezelo № 378 ubeke «上虞觉农翠茗茶» ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo — ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa; ikhathalogi yezethenjwa nayo ibiza uDisemba 2020, kanti amaphephandaba ngoMashi 2021 abhala ngokubhaliswa njengokutholakele.
- 21 Mashi 2021. Emcimbini wokuvulwa kokuqoqwa inhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda yamemezela izinga lentengo lika-«觉农翠茗» lonyaka ka-2021.
- 28 Februwari 2023. EHholo Labantu Lesifundazwe laseZhejiang kwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ibhrendi yesifunda entsha «上虞翠茗» enophawu.
- 2024. Ngokombiko womnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe, izinga leqembu 《上虞翠茗茶》 libuyekeziwe kanye neZhejiang University — kwacaciswa izidingo ze-organoleptic zohlobo ngalunye, — kwathi ngeShaoxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences kwakhishwa imithetho yokuphatha ibhrendi, izinga lokuqala lendawo mayelana netiye eShaoxing.
- 2025. Isiphathimandla Sikazwelonke Sobunikazi Bengqondo ngesimemezelo № 640 (esayinwe ngo-16 Julayi, sakhishwa ngo-13 Agasti) samukela njengemikhiqizo enezimpawu zendawo amagama angu-1409; ngokombiko wamaphephandaba esifundazwe kanye nekhathalogi yezimpawu zendawo, leli tiye lingomunye wemikhiqizo emine yaseShangyu ohlwini.
- 2026. Ukuvulwa kokuqoqwa kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka ngo-20 Mashi edolobhaneni laseFenghui (丰惠镇), abahleli abalibiza ngokuthi yindawo okwazalelwa kuyo uWu Juenong.
Igama: «Shangyu» (上虞) yigama lesifunda; «Juenong» (觉农) — ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa, igama lithathwe ku-«ongcwele wesimanje wetiye» uWu Juenong; «cuiming» (翠茗) — «itiye eliluhlaza njenge-emeraldi». Ikhathalogi yezimpawu zendawo ifingqa izimpawu ezihlukanisayo iba ifomula ethi «花卷形，翡翠色，甘爽味»: «isimo somqulu omncane, umbala we-emeraldi, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokupholile».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Shangyu yakhela eduze kwetiye isithombe sendawo okwazalelwa kuyo uWu Juenong — ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa, umsunguli wemboni yetiye yesimanje yaseChina.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Itiye lasentwasahlobo kuphela: kusukela eqhumeni elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa kuya eqhumeni elilodwa elinamaqabunga amathathu, amahlumela aphelele futhi alinganayo (完整、匀净).
Isikhathi sokuqoqwa: Intwasahlobo; azikho izinsuku eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele. Ukuvulwa kokuqoqwa kwentwasahlobo kuka-2026 kwenzeka ngo-20 Mashi.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Isifunda saseShangyu empumalanga kamasipala waseShaoxing, ogwini oluseningizimu yetheku laseHangzhou Bay (杭州湾) — ngokwamaphephandaba ka-2021.
Isimo sezulu: Isihloko sezethenjwa sithi sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, nendawo enhle. Ikhathalogi yezethenjwa icacisa: isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lonyaka lingu-16,5 °C, imvula ecishe ibe ngu-1400 mm ngonyaka; lezi zibalo azizange ziqhathaniswe nomthombo wokuqala.
Indawo kanye nenhlabathi: Ngokwekhathalogi efanayo — ikakhulukazi amagquma nezintaba, inhlabathi ephuzi nebomvu; izingadi eziyinhloko, ngokwekhathalogi efanayo, zisezigodini eziseningizimu yesifunda.
Ukuphakama: Isihloko sezethenjwa kanye nombiko wesifunda ka-2025 bakhuluma ngezici zetiye elisemhlabeni ophakeme (高山茶), kodwa abazinikezi izindawo eziphakeme.
Indawo enkulu: Izibalo — zimayelana netiye lesifunda lilonke futhi ziyahlukahluka ngeminyaka: 45,3 izinkulungwane ze-mu ekupheleni kuka-2020, cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-45 ze-mu ngo-2023, izinkulungwane ezingama-43,5 ze-mu kanye namathani angama-2800 etiye nga-2025 kumbiko ka-2026. Ngokwe-cuiming uqobo umbiko wesifunda ka-2025 ubiza amahektha angu-1261 wezingadi kanye namathani angaba ngu-200 etiye ngonyaka. Ngokwemininingwane yomnyango wezolimo wesifunda (2023), amabhizinisi etiye acishe abe yikhulu, futhi i-cuiming ikhiqizwa futhi ithengiswe kakhulu kunawo wonke amanye amatiye endawo. Isivuno sasentwasahlobo sika-2024 esifundeni sonke, ngokombiko kusizindalwazi somnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe, sasingamathani angu-1410 etiye ngezigidi eziyi-168 zama-yuan.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe besiginesha — «izinqubo eziyisishiyagalolunye» (九制): ukusakaza kathathu, ukugazinga kathathu, ukomisa kathathu (三摊三炒三烘, sān tān sān chǎo sān hōng). Lolu hlelo lubhalwe ngale ndlela esihlokweni sezethenjwa nasembikweni wephephandaba lasemaphandleni (2024); iphephandaba lekomidi lezokubonisana lezombusazwe (2023) libhala «三摊三烘三炒», okusho ukuthi ubeka ukomisa ngaphambi kokugazinga. Imithombo ayivezi amazinga okushisa, ubude bezigaba kanye nenani lokuphindwa ngaphakathi komjikelezo.

Esifundeni umsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wenziwa ne-Chinese Academy of Sciences, i-Zhejiang University kanye ne-Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ngokwesihloko sezethenjwa, kwakhiwe imigqa emihlanu ezenzakalelayo. Ngokombiko weTea Institute yeZhejiang University (2020), ukulinganisa kokuhlola ukuze kumiswe izinga kwakwenziwa ngezinqubo zokusakaza kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng), ukulungisa, ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng), ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) kanye nokwakha isimo (做形, zuòxíng).

Ngokwesikimu esijwayelekile setiye eliluhlaza (lesi yisikimu sesigaba, hhayi incazelo ye-cuiming) ukusakaza (摊放, tānfàng) kususa ingxenye yomswakama eqabungeni, ukugazinga kuqala ngokulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), okumisa i-oxidation, kanti ukomisa (烘, hōng) kuqinisa isimo.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo iyafana ekhathalogini yezimpawu zendawo nasesihlokweni sezethenjwa; embukisweni wetiye waseBeijing ka-2023 izici zawo eziyinhloko zaphindwa ngusolwazi we-Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Isimo «somqulu omncane wezimbali» (花卷形), umbala oluhlaza njenge-emeraldi, ocwebezelayo ngamafutha (色泽翠绿油润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile; ifomula emfushane yekhwalithi emaphephandabeni ka-2024 ikhuluma nge-«phunga elimnene nelihlanzekile» (嫩清香), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi leli phunga leqabunga noma lokuphuzwayo.
Iphunga lokuphuzwayo: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi liqinile (香气清高持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kumnandi futhi kupholile (滋味醇厚甘爽).
Umbala wokuphuzwayo: Umbala obomvu-ohlaza we-apricot, obala futhi okhanyayo (汤色杏绿明亮).
Izansi letiye (iqabunga eliseliphuza): Lithambile futhi lilingana, livuleka «njengembali», liluhlaza futhi likhanya (叶底嫩匀成朵绿亮).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi eduze kodonga.
3. Ukuphuza kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokuphuzwayo.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Inhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda yamemezela amanani okuthengisa ezethenjwa ka-2024: ibanga eliphezulu (特级) — 3800 yuan nge-jin (500 g), ibanga lokuqala — 960, elesibili — 760, elesithathu — 360 yuan nge-jin. Emcimbini wetiye wasentwasahlobo ka-2024, u-250 g wetiye elathola indawo yokuqala emqhudelwaneni wetiye wathengiswa endalini nge-yuan engu-2999.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo kanye nokumakwa kwebhrendi yesifunda «上虞翠茗»; ukusebenzisa ibhrendi kuvunyelwe kuphela ngokwemvume.
- Uchungechunge lokupakisha lwebhrendi — «特选», «精选», «优选», «佳选» kanye nesipho «伴手»; ngo-2024 kwavuselelwa ikhodi yokuvikela ekupakisheni.
- Uphawu oluyinhloko lwesimo — «umqulu omncane wezimbali»: i-longjing yendawo iyisicaba, i-shunhao imise okwento.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Itiye liqanjwe ngegama lomuntu: «Juenong» egameni livela kuWu Juenong, umdabuka waseShangyu.
Igama elilodwa linemibhrendi emibili: «觉农·翠茗» ka-2019 kanye ne-«上虞翠茗» ka-2023.
Ngo-2024 inani lezethenjwa lebanga eliphezulu lalicishe liphindwe kane kunebanga lokuqala: 3800 yuan nge-jin uma kuqhathaniswa no-960.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseShaoxing

I-Pingshui Zhucha (平水珠茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lokuthumela kwelinye izwe laseShaoxing, eligoqwe laba amabhola aminyene; i-cuiming inesimo esihlukile — «umqulu omncane wezimbali».
I-Pingshui Rizhu Cha (平水日铸茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lendawo yaseKeqiao yesifunda esifanayo elinesimo samaqhuma agoqiwe, elinephunga le-castaneum.
I-Shengzhou Hui Bai (嵊州辉白): Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe laseShengzhou, nalo laseShaoxing; i-huibai yenziwa naseShangyu uqobo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shangyu Juenong Cuiming Cha itiye eliluhlaza, eliqanjwe ngokuhlonipha «ongcwele wesimanje wetiye» uWu Juenong futhi eliqoqwe yisifunda laba ibhrendi eyodwa. Liyabonakala nge-«umqulu omncane wezimbali» onombala we-emeraldi, ukuphuzwayo okubomvu-ohlaza kwe-apricot kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi nokupholile, futhi lenziwa kuphela ngamahlumela entwasahlobo ngezinqubo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Imibhalo ngalo — uphawu lwezolimo lwango-2020, izinga leqembu elinezidingo zohlobo ngalunye kanye nokwamukelwa kwango-2025.

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