Chìbì mǐzhuānchá

Chibi Mizhuancha (Chìbì mǐzhuānchá, 赤壁米砖茶) — ndi “njerwa ya mpunga” yochokera m’tauni ya Chibi (赤壁市) m’chigawo cha Hubei: njerwa yopangidwa ndi nthunzi kuchokera ku tinthu tating’ono ta tiyi wofiira. Boma la Chibi limati ndi tiyi yokhayo ya njerwa yofiira (红砖茶) m’dzikoli. Malo akale opangira ndi mudzi wa Yangloudong (羊楼洞), kumene tiyi ya njerwa inkapita njira ya Great Tea Road kupita ku Mongolia ndi Russia. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification, ndipo mizhuan monga mtundu umafotokozedwa ndi muyezo wa dziko GB/T 9833.8.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wofiira woponderezedwa (红茶, hóngchá): muyezo GB/T 9833.8-2013 umagwira ntchito ku mizhuan wochokera ku tiyi wofiira.
Kusiyana kwa gulu: Zopangira ndi tiyi wofiira, izi n’zosakayikitsa. Koma nkhani ya ofesi ya zizindikiro (2015), yodziwika kokha mwa kufotokozedwa, imayika 青砖 ndi 米砖 m’gulu la tiyi wakuda (黑茶类), ndipo gulu la GB/T 30766 limayika tiyi woponderezedwa (紧压茶) pakati pa tiyi wopangidwanso. Nkhaniyi ili m’foda ya tiyi wofiira — malinga ndi gulu la maziko ake.
Gulu: Tiyi woponderezedwa; chizindikiro cha geographical certification.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), mzinda wa Xianning (咸宁, Xiánníng), tauni ya Chibi (赤壁, Chìbì); dzina lakale la mzindawo linali Puqi (蒲圻, Púqí).
Mwini chizindikiro: Chibi City Tea Association (赤壁市茶叶协会); Chibi pamndandandawu ndi udindo wa mwini chizindikiro, malire a dera sakupezeka m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Chiyambi cha zopangira: Sikuti nthawi zonse chimakhala chakumaloko: kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业” imatenga tinthu ta tiyi wofiira wa 宜红, 祁红 ndi 滇红 — ochokera ku Hubei, Anhui ndi Yunnan.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Chibi — pafupifupi 29.7° kumpoto ndi 113.9° kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- 1853 ndi pambuyo pake. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业”, kuyambira 1853 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Republic, Great Tea Road inanyamula makamaka 青砖 ndi 米砖.
- 1861 — mafakitale a Russia. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Hubei CPPCC Committee (2023), mpaka 1861 amalonda a ku Russia ankatenga tiyi wa Yangloudong kudzera mwa amalonda a Shanxi, ndipo pambuyo pake adatsegula okha mafakitale ku Yangloudong — pakati pawo, kuyambira 1863, “顺丰” ya wamalonda Litvinov (李特维诺夫) — ndipo ankapangira Russia mizhuan, qingzhuan ndi “njerwa yaing’ono ya likulu” (小京砖). Malinga ndi nkhani ya Nationalities Affairs Committee, nyumba za tiyi ku Yangloudong zinali zoposa 200, katundu wotumizidwa kunja pachaka ankapitirira 15 miliyoni liang za siliva, ndipo mizhuan ankapangidwa ku Hankou ndi ku Yangloudong.
- 1925 — msika wa Guihua. Nkhani yomweyo ya CPPCC imagwira mawu ndemanga ya magazini “中外经济周刊”: ku Guihua (归化) kwambiri ankagulitsa njerwa zitatu — 二四, 三九 ndi mizhuan. Bokosi la mizhuan linali ndi njerwa 72 pamtengo wa 23.5 liang; anazipondereza ndi makina ku Hankou ndi kampani “兴商”, ndipo ambiri ankagulidwa ku Ili Prefecture ya Xinjiang.
- 1981 ndi 1983. Malinga ndi kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业”, kampani ya ku England ya Twinings inaitanitsa njerwa za chikumbutso zokhala ndi phoenix pa zaka 275 zakubadwa kwawo; ndime ya portal “爱普茶网” ikuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa 1983.
- Kuyambira 2013, malinga ndi Ministry of Agriculture, Chibi motsatizana inalandira maudindo a “中国青砖茶之乡” ndi “中国米砖茶之乡”; malinga ndi nkhani ya Nationalities Affairs Committee, adaperekedwa ndi China Tea Marketing Association.
- Zizindikiro. Malinga ndi kufotokozedwa kwa nkhani ya ofesi 2015, dzina la malo “赤壁” la tiyi linalembetsedwa mu 2009 ndi wolembera wachinsinsi wochokera Fujian, ndipo ufuluwo unayenera kugulidwa. Malinga ndi mndandanda wachigawo (data ya May 2020), zizindikiro ziri ziwiri, zonse za gulu 30 la tiyi: № 15279686 — kuyambira 28 March 2015 mpaka 27 March 2025, ndi № 20024335 «赤壁米砖茶 CHIBI MI ZHUAN TEA» — kuyambira 21 December 2017 mpaka 20 December 2027.
Dzina: Boma la Chibi limafotokoza dzinali ndi kuchepa kwa zopangira, kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业” — ndikuti pakudula tsamba limaphwanyika mpaka tinthu kukula kwake ngati njere ya mpunga.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Ministry of Agriculture inayika “dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha tiyi ya njerwa ya Yangloudong” (羊楼洞砖茶文化系统) m’gulu lachiwiri la cholowa chofunikira chaulimi cha China ndipo inatcha Yangloudong “kodziwika padziko lonse” malo obadwira 青（米）砖.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mitundu / Cultivar: Sizinayikidwe muyezo; m’magwero omwe apezeka mulibe mitundu. Zopangira zimafotokozedwa kudzera mu tiyi wofiira womalizidwa, osati kudzera mu tchire.
Zopangira: Tinthu ndi kachoko ka tiyi wofiira (红茶片末). Malinga ndi ndime ya “爱普茶网”, kwa mtundu wotumizidwa kunja wa “牌坊” amatenga tiyi wofiira wophwanyidwa ndi tinthu, kwa mtundu wamkati wa “火车头” — tinthu ndi kachoko.
Muyezo ndi nthawi yotuta: Za njerwa sizinafotokozedwe: kututa kumakhudza tiyi wofiira woyambirira.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa Ministry, Yangloudong ili kumpoto kwa mapiri a Mufu (幕阜山), m’mapiri aatali pang’ono pamalire a Hubei ndi Hunan.
Kutalika, nyengo, dothi: Palibe data ya chinthucho; kugwirizana ndi malo ndi kwaukadaulo ndi mbiri, osati kwa munda.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga

Muyezo GB/T 9833.8 umatchula ntchito: kusefa, kusakaniza, kuthira nthunzi ndi kupondereza kukhala njerwa, kuyanika, kulongedza. Kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业” — kukonza zopangira (复制), kupanga kusakaniza (拼配), kupondereza (紧压) ndi kuyanika m’chipinda (烘制). Kutentha, mphamvu ndi nthawi sizikupezeka m’magwero omwe apezeka. Kuvunda konyowa (渥堆), kumene boma la Chibi limafotokoza qingzhuan woyandikana naye, sikuchitika m’mafotokozedwe awa.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Zofunikira za GB/T 9833.8 za mtundu wapamwamba ndi wamba ndi kufotokoza kwa boma la Chibi.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Njerwa yosalala, yokhala ndi m’mphepete ndi ngodya zomveka, makulidwe ofanana, yokhala ndi chizindikiro chomveka, yopanda nkhungu yakuda, yoyera ndi yobiriwira. Kwa mtundu wapamwamba mtundu ndi wakuda ndi wonyezimira, kwa wamba — wakuda-bulauni wokhala ndi chikasu. Boma la Chibi: pamwamba ndi wakuda, wonyezimira (乌亮), chojambula ndi chomveka.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe data m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Fungo la madzi: Mtundu wapamwamba — woyera, wamba — wofanana.
Kukoma: Mtundu wapamwamba — wolemera ndi wofewa, wamba — pafupifupi womweyo.
Mtundu wa madzi: Wofiira wakuda pa mitundu yonse iwiri; kwa boma — wofiira wandiweyani (红浓).
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Mtundu wapamwamba — wofiira mofanana, wamba — wofiira wozimiririka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Zofunikira za GB/T 9833.8-2013, zotsimikiziridwa ndi scan ya mtundu wa Chingerezi wa muyezo:

Chizindikiro	Mtundu wapamwamba	Mtundu wamba
Chinyezi, osapitirira	9.5 %	9.5 %
Phulusa lonse, osapitirira	7.5 %	8.0 %
Zosakaniza zakunja, osapitirira	0.2 %	0.2 %
Zosungunuka m’madzi, osachepera	30.0 %	28.0 %

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Njerwa yoponderezedwa nthawi zambiri imaphikidwa; njira ya kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业”, yofanana kwa 青砖 ndi 米砖:

Patulani 10 g ndikuyika m’thumba losefera la chakudya.
“Dzutsani” tiyi: sungani thumba kwa mphindi imodzi m’madzi otentha 50–100 ml.
Sungani thumba mu mtsuko wa tiyi ndikuthira madzi ozizira 1 : 100 — 10 g pa lita imodzi.
Phikani kwa mphindi 5–10, mpaka madzi akhale ofiira-lalanje kapena achikasu-lalanje.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi woponderezedwa. Boma la Chibi limalangiza kwa 青（米）砖 malo owuma, opumira mpweya, opanda fungo, osasintha kutentha ndi dzuwa, osasunga mu polyethylene ndi kusunga motalikirana ndi tiyi wina.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe data ya mitengo m’magwero omwe apezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha certification cha “赤壁米砖茶”. Nthawi ya chizindikiro № 15279686 malinga ndi mndandanda inatha 27 March 2025, palibe data ya kupitiliza; chizindikiro № 20024335 chimakhala mpaka 20 December 2027.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Chibi.
- Fananizani maonekedwe ndi muyezo: njerwa yopanda nkhungu, yosalala, yokhala ndi chizindikiro chomveka, madzi ofiira wakuda.
- Mitundu imasiyanitsidwa ndi chojambula: “火车头” (locomotive), “牌坊” (chipata), “凤凰” (phoenix), “红梅” (maula ofiira). Malinga ndi ndime ya “爱普茶网”, “牌坊” imalemera 1125 g, “火车头” — 1000 g, ndipo “凤凰” saiyezi ku China.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Ku Guihua mu 1925 bokosi la mizhuan linkagula 23.5 liang — lokwera kuposa mabokosi a 二四 (18.5) ndi 三九 (17.5).
Chojambula cha “火车头” chimafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana: boma la Chibi ndi nkhani ya CPPCC (“malinga ndi nthano”) — ndi amalonda a Russia omwe anagwiritsa ntchito injini za nthunzi za Germany popanga nthunzi ndi kupondereza, ndipo kampani ya “羊楼洞茶业” — ndi kutsegulidwa kwa Trans-Siberian Railway mu 1905.
Chojambula cha “牌坊”, malinga ndi boma la Chibi, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 chinasindikizidwa koyamba pa njerwa ndi nyumba yamalonda ya Shanxi “聚兴顺”; chifukwa cha maonekedwe okongola mizhuan amasungidwanso ngati chinthu chokongoletsa.
Wolemba ndime ya “爱普茶网” sakhulupirira kufotokoza kwa “mpunga” kwa dzinalo ndipo amapereka mphekesera kuti njerwa yotumizidwa kunja inkatchedwa “米字茶” — malinga ndi mbendera ya England pamabokosi, yofanana ndi chilembo cha 米.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina

Chibi Qingzhuancha (赤壁青砖茶): Njerwa yakuda ya Chibi yomweyo yochokera ku lǎoqīngchá (老青茶) yokhala ndi kuvunda konyowa; chizindikiro chake chili ndi bungwe lomwelo la tiyi la Chibi.
Hubei Qing Zhuan (湖北青砖): Nkhani yodziwika bwino yokhudza qingzhuan wa ku Hubei.
Xian’an Zhuancha (咸安砖茶): Tiyi wa njerwa wa chigawo choyandikana nacho cha mzinda wa Xianning.
Yihong Gong Fu (宜红工夫): Tiyi wofiira wa ku Hubei; tinthu tache, malinga ndi kampani, timapita ku mizhuan.
Linxiang Heicha (临湘黑茶): Tiyi wakuda wa mnansi wa ku Hunan, kumene nawonso ankapondereza mizhuan.

Pomaliza:

Chibi Mizhuancha ndi tiyi wofiira wooneka ngati njerwa: kachoko ka tiyi wofiira, kuphatikizapo obwera kuchokera ku zigawo zina, amathiridwa nthunzi ndi kuponderezedwa kukhala njerwa yokhala ndi chojambula. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mbiri ya Yangloudong ndi Great Tea Road, muyezo wokhala ndi mitundu iwiri ndi zizindikiro ziwiri. Chokangana chokha ndi gulu: zolemba zina zimatcha njerwa yofiira, zina — tiyi wakuda.