Yúnxiàn Báiyīngshān chá

I-Yunxian Baiyingshan Cha (Yúnxiàn Báiyīngshān chá, 云县白莺山茶) wuphawu lwendawo lokuqinisekisa lwetiye leNtaba i-Baiyingshan (白莺山) yesifunda sase-Yunxian (云县) kumasipala wedolobha i-Lincang, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. Intaba ilele ogwini olusentshonalanga loMfula i-Lancang, maqondana nokhahlamba lwe-Wuliangshan; izingadi zayo ezindala zaziwa ngezinhlobo zetiye zendawo ezingaphezu kweshumi ezinamagama azo. Uphawu lwabhaliswa ngo-2022, futhi ohlwini lwesifundazwe umkhiqizo walo ubizwa ngetiye eliluhlaza (绿茶), nakuba kusetshenziswa iqabunga lentaba ukwenza i-pu’er netiye elibomvu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — yilelo elibizwa ngokuthi umkhiqizo wophawu ohlwini loMnyango Wokuphathwa Kwezimakethe wase-Yunnan lohlelo lokuxhaswa ngo-2023; angikaze ngiwubone uhlu oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yobhaliso. Izinga le-GB/T 14456.2-2018 lihlanganisa itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu kanye netiye eliluhlaza elomiswa elangeni (晒青绿茶, shàiqīng lǜchá) — impahla yohlobo lwe-pu’er; ukuthi yiliphi itiye eliluhlaza elenziwa ngaphansi kophawu, akunakutholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), umasipala wedolobha i-Lincang (临沧, Líncāng), isifunda sase-Yunxian (云县, Yúnxiàn), ilokishi lase-Manwan (漫湾镇, Mànwān zhèn), idolobhana lase-Baiyingshan (白莺山村).
Indawo evikelwe: Umnikazi wophawu yisikhungo sesifunda sase-Yunxian; lokhu kungukuhlobana kokuphatha komnikazi, angikaze ngiwubone umngcele womthetho wendawo.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Izindela. Ngokwemithombo ye-portal ye-”Yunnan wang” ka-2019, ngesikhathi sombuso wase-Nanzhao kwase kuvele kunezindela ezinkulu lapha, ngokwesibonelo i-Dahesi (大河寺); intaba ibizwa ngokuthi “indawo engcwele yetiye lamaBuddha” (佛茶圣地).
- Ubudala bezihlahla. Lowo mthombo ka-2019 uthi izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu lapha zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi, ukuthi esidala kunazo zonke singaphezu kweminyaka engu-2400 nokuthi lesi yisihlahla setiye sesibili ngobudala kwezilondoloziwe zase-China. Eminye imithombo ibika izinombolo ezahlukile: umbiko we-”Kunming ribao” ngokwamazwi abaphathi belokishi — izihlahla ezindala zasendle, ezingaphakathi nendawo nezitshaliwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,8, amaphephandaba etiye — iminyaka engu-2700 esihlahleni esidala kunazo zonke. Angikaze ngiwubone ucwaningo okusekelwe kulo lezi zilinganiso; izinombolo ziyahluka.
- Isayensi. Ngokombiko we-”Kunming ribao”, kusukela ngo-2005 intaba ihlolwe ochwepheshe base-China nabangaphandle; uphiko lwesifunda lwe-bioconomy luyibiza ngokuthi indawo lapho kubonakala khona ukuthi isihlahla setiye sidlule kanjani endleleni ukusuka endle kuya kwesitshaliwe, kanye nelabhorethri yemvelo yokufunda umsuka wetiye.
- 2022. Uphawu “云县白莺山茶” lwabhaliswa: isitifiketi № 48194545, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo — itiye eliluhlaza, usuku lokushicilelwa kokubhaliswa — 7 Mashi 2022. Umnikazi — Isiteshi sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe betiye sesifunda sase-Yunxian (云县茶叶技术推广站).
- 2023. Uphawu lwangena ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezibonelelo zokubhaliswa kwezimpawu zendawo; ngokombiko womnyango wokuphathwa kwezimakethe wase-Lincang, abanikazi bezimpawu ezine zesifunda, kuhlanganise nalolu, bathola isamba esingu-40 000 yuan esifundazweni.
Igama: “I-Yunxian” (云县) yigama lesifunda. Ngokwencazelo ye-”Yunnan wang”, intaba yaqanjwa ngamafu amhlophe ayizungeza unyaka wonke, nangemihlambi yezinyoni ezimhlophe (白莺). I-portal yetiye iphinde icaphune inganekwane: ngokusho kwenganekwane, intaba ekuqaleni yayibizwa nge-白鹰山 — “intaba yamahiya amhlophe”, kodwa amahiya ayeba imfuyo yabantu, futhi uphawu “鹰” lwashintshwa lwaba “莺” oluzwakala ngokufanayo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwencazelo ku-portal yetiye, entabeni kuhlala kakhulu abantu bakwa-Bulang, Lahu, Han kanye nobuhlanga bakwa-Yi (彝族). Ngokombiko we-”Kunming ribao”, izingadi zingezamakhaya abalimi, kanti entabeni kwakusebenza izimboni zokuqala zokucubungula ezingaphezudlwana kuka-30.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Izinhlobo / Imihlanganiso: Isici esiyinhloko sentaba ubuningi bezinhlobo zendawo. Umbiko ka-2019 ubiza ngaphezu kweshumi: i-Benshan (本山茶, běnshān chá), i-Ergazi (二嘎子茶, èrgāzi chá), i-Heitiaozi (黑条子茶, hēitiáozi chá), i-Baiyazi (白芽子茶, báiyázi chá), i-Hezhuan (贺庄茶, hèzhuāng chá), i-Tengzi (藤子茶, téngzi chá), i-Liuye (柳叶茶, liǔyè chá) ne-Doume (豆蔑茶, dòumiè chá), futhi ngaphandle kwazo — uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu lwe-Mengku (勐库大叶种, Měngkù dàyèzhǒng) olulethwe ngaphandle. Ukubhalwa kwamagama ezincazelweni kuyahluka.
Izinhlobo ezimbili kabanzi. Ngokwe-portal yetiye, i-Ergazi inomsonto omnyama, ongenakho ukucwazimula, oneziqu eziningi kanye nenani elincane lemihlume, ubukrakra bulula; i-Heitiaozi inomsonto omnyama nocishe, ubukrakra buphansi. I-portal iyakuvuma ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zingaba izingxube zemvelo zohlobo lwasendle noma olufuyiwe nolwetshaliwe; angikaze ngiwubone umsebenzi wezitshalo ngalokhu.
Impahla eluhlaza, ukuvunwa kanye nezinga lokuvuna: Azikho izimfuneko zophawu mayelana nempahla eluhlaza, izikhathi nezinga lokuvuna emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwe-portal yetiye, izihlahla ezindala zasentabeni zimakwe ngezingqwembe zokuvikela, futhi kuvunwa kuphela amaqabunga entwasahlobo, kanye ngonyaka.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ilokishi lase-Manwan, ingxenye emaphakathi yentaba i-Dabingshan (大丙山); ngaphesheya komfula i-Lancang kunokhahlamba lwe-Wuliangshan.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 1800–2300 m — ngokombiko we-”Kunming ribao” nangezincazelo ze-portal yetiye. Umbiko ka-2019 ubiza ukuphakama kwentaba njengo-2880 m; i-portal yetiye ibhala ngesiqongo esiyinhloko sentaba i-Dabingshan (大丙山) singu-2834 m. Lokhu ukuphakama kwesiqongo, hhayi izingadi.
Indawo: Ingadi endala, ngokombiko ka-2019, ithatha cishe i-20 km²; izihlahla zikhula kancane futhi zihlakazekile endaweni enkulu.
Isimo sezulu kanye nomhlabathi: Ezincazelweni — izimvula eziningi, ilanga eliningi, umhlabathi oyisihlabathi esicolekile. Azikho izinombolo zokushisa, imvula kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubucwepheshe betiye ngaphansi kophawu abukho emthonjeni otholakele. Izinga le-GB/T 14456.2-2018 lichaza itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu njengomkhiqizo ovela emihlumewini nasemaqabungeni etiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu, adlule ekubuniseni, ekufakweni, ekusongweni, ekomisweni nasekuqedeni ukwakheka:

Ukubunisa (摊青, tānqīng).
Ukufakwa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ezitsheni, ngomoya oshisayo noma elangeni.
Ukuqeda ukwakheka (整形, zhěngxíng).

Lesi yisikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Yunxian Baiyingshan Cha.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Angizange ngiyithole incazelo yetiye eliluhlaza ngaphansi kophawu. Ngezansi kukhona incazelo ye-pu’er yasentabeni ku-portal yetiye; akekho owayibopha ngokusemthethweni emkhiqizweni wophawu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Umsonto uqinile futhi uphelele, uluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, ucwebezela ngamafutha, unoboya obubonakalayo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lisha, limnandi.
Iphunga lokumnika: Izimbali noju, ngokomunye umbhalo — izimbali nezithelo ezicebile.
Ukunambitheka: Kunezendlalelo eziningi, kuthambile futhi kusha, cishe akunabo ubumnandi obunamandla nobukrakra obuncane kakhulu; ukukhiqizwa kwamathe nokubuya okumnandi kuza ngokushesha.
Umbala wokumnika: Obala, owolintshi ophuzi.
Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Linemidwebo ecacile yemithambo; ngemuva kokutheleka, iqabunga, ngokwencazelo, lithambe njengesilika, futhi linwebeka kalula.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Azikho izibalo zefiziksi namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenziwa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.

Ukushisa kwamanzi: 80–85 °C; etiyeni eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu elomiswa elangeni — kushisa, 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma ingilazi yeglasi.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Beka itiye futhi uthele amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Thela noma uphuze, ushiya ingxenye yokumnika.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kanye noma kabili ngokwandisa isikhathi.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Esitsheni esivaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka. Impahla eluhlaza eyomiswe elangeni ye-pu’er igcinwa ngendlela ehlukile — endaweni eyomile enomoya, futhi ivame ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Akukho mininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu “云县白莺山茶” (isitifiketi № 48194545) futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Yunxian.
- Khumbula ukuthi umkhiqizo wophawu ohlwini olutholakele ubizwa kuphela ngetiye eliluhlaza; itiye elibomvu ne-pu’er akukho kulolu hlu.
- Ungakukholwa ngokungagxili “itiye elivela esihlahleni esineminyaka engu-2400” noma “2700”: izilinganiso zobudala ziyahluka futhi aziqinisekisiwe.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Uphawu lweNtaba i-Baiyingshan kanye nophawu lweNtaba i-Dachaoshan yesifunda esifanayo luphethwe isikhungo esisodwa, futhi zombili zibhaliswe etiyeni eliluhlaza ekuqaleni kuka-2022.
Ngokwenganekwane, igama lentaba lashintshwa lasuka kokukahiya laya kokwenyoni: uphawu “鹰” lwashintshwa lwaba “莺” oluzwakala ngokufanayo.
Ngokombiko we-portal yetiye, ngo-2020 ilungelo lokuvuna entwasahlobo esihlahleni esidume kakhulu sohlobo lwe-Ergazi — “inkosi yetiye” (茶王) — lathengwa umthengisi wetiye wase-Korea ngama-yuan angu-500 000.
Entabeni eyodwa kukhula izinhlobo zetiye ezingaphezu kweshumi ezinamagama azo — kusukela “eqabungeni lomnyezane” kuya “emgqeni omnyama”.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namatiye angomakhelwane

I-Baiyingshan Hongcha (白莺山红茶): Itiye elibomvu lasentabeni efanayo, i-athikili ye-encyclopedia yethu; ohlwini lophawu umkhiqizo ubizwa kuphela ngetiye eliluhlaza.
I-Yunxian Dachaoshan Cha (云县大朝山茶): Uphawu lwetiye lweNtaba i-Dachaoshan eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda esifanayo, umnikazi ofanayo nomkhiqizo ofanayo — itiye eliluhlaza.
I-Zhenkang Ma’anshan Cha (镇康马鞍山茶): Uphawu lwetiye lezingadi ezindala zesifunda sase-Zhenkang kumasipala ofanayo wase-Lincang.
I-Lincang (临沧): I-athikili yokubuka yonke ye-encyclopedia ngesifunda setiye.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yunxian Baiyingshan Cha wuphawu lwentaba edume ngezinhlobo zetiye zendawo eziyishumi, izihlahla ezindala ekuphakameni okungu-1800–2300 m kanye nomlando wezindela. Imibhalo isho okuncane, kodwa icacile: uphawu lwangowezi-2022, umnikazi — isiteshi setiye sesifunda, umkhiqizo — itiye eliluhlaza. Ubudala bezihlahla, ukunambitheka kanye nezinganekwane zegama kuhlala kungumthwalo wezincazelo futhi ezindaweni kuyahluka.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 14456.2-2018

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo