I-Tongcheng Haolü (Tōngchéng háolǜ, 通城毫绿) itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Tongcheng (通城县) kumasipala wedolobha i-Xianning eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei, lapho kuhlangana khona i-Hubei, i-Hunan ne-Jiangxi. Leli gama lisho ukuthi “oluhlaza okotshani obunoboya obuvela e-Tongcheng”. Ngokwencazelo yesikhungo sesifunda socwaningo lwetiye lasendle, abantu balibiza kanjalo itiye lendawo eliluhlaza lohlobo lwe-maojian, elaqala ukukhiqizwa ngamaqoqo futhi laqanjwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Impahla eluhlaza ihlumela elinamaqabunga elilodwa noma amabili, elikhiwa ngaphambi komkhosi we-Guyu; itiye lomiswa ngendlela exubile, ngokugazinga nangomoya oshisayo, futhi lakhiwa ngokusongwa okuqondile: okuminyene, okunoboya obuningi, okuluhlaza. Kusukela ngo-2021 leli gama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elomiswa kancane ngokugazinga kancane ngomoya (半炒半烘, bàn chǎo bàn hōng), elisongwe liqonde (条形, tiáoxíng). Leli klasi libizwa kanjalo kokubili uhulumeni wase-Xianning (2021) kanye ne-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2019).
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), umasipala wedolobha i-Xianning (咸宁, Xiánníng), isifunda sase-Tongcheng (通城, Tōngchéng).
- Indawo: Irejista yesifundazwe ikhomba isifunda sase-Tongcheng njengokunamathiselwe kokuphatha komnikazi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuphicisanga.
- Uphawu: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo No. 33153879; ngokwe-bulletin ye-Hubei Intellectual Property Office ka-2025, lisebenza kuze kube umhla zingama-20 kuJuni 2031. Umnikazi akaziwa ngokuqondile emibhalweni etholiwe. Ukuphromothwa kophawu kuqhutshwa yi-Tongcheng County Wild Tea Research Institute (通城县野生茶科学研究所): umholi waso wakhuluma ngaleli tiye ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa, kwathi ngo-2023 lesi sikhungo samemezela umncintiswano wesiqubulo sokukhangisa sophawu.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Imibhalo yomlando yakwaSong. Isikhungo socwaningo lwetiye lasendle esimemezelweni sika-2023 sibhala ukuthi itiye e-Tongcheng litshalwe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane, futhi licaphuna umlando wesifunda (《通城县志》): ekuqaleni kokubusa kombusi wakwaSong u-Zhenzong, intela yetiye yayisinda kangangokuthi umphathi wesifunda u-Zhang Yong (张詠) wayala ukuthi kusishulwe itiye kutshalwe imisimbithi; ngasekupheleni kwe-Ming izingadi zaqala ukuvuselelwa, kwathi ngesikhathi se-Qing ibhizinisi letiye lavuseleleka.
- Ngawo-1960. Ngokwesimemezelo esifanayo, “通城毫绿” igama lomphakathi letiye lendawo eliluhlaza lohlobo lwe-maojian (毛尖, máojiān); laqala ukukhiqizwa ngamaqoqo futhi laqanjwa ngawo-1960.
- Ngo-1980. Isifunda sazama ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwetiye ngokukhululekile yizindawo uqobo. Isihloko sephephandaba i-”Hubei Daily” esinesihloko esithi «一场茶叶风波» (“isiyaluyalu setiye”) sadala, ngokwesikhungo, ukusabela okunamandla ezweni lonke, futhi ulwazi lwesifunda lwaba usizo ekuguquleni uhlelo lokuthengisa itiye.
- Ngawo-1980. Ngokwemininingwane ye-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2019), isimo setiye sagcina sakhiwe ngawo-1980.
- 1988–1994. Ngo-1988 itiye lahlonishwa njengomkhiqizo wekhwalithi yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Ngo-1991 isifunda sangena ezifundeni eziyishumi zesifundazwe zamaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa amatiye adumile, kanti isiteshi esikhulu sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo boMnyango Wezolimo safaka i-Tongcheng Haolü ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa eziyisibonelo zamatiye adumile ase-Hubei. Ngo-1993 uhulumeni wesifundazwe waqamba i-Tongcheng njengesinye sezifunda ezintathu ezinkulu zetiye. Ngo-1994, ngokwe-Hubei Intellectual Property Office, itiye lathola umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni wamatiye adumile we-«Lu Yu bei» (陆羽杯).
- Ngo-2021. Uphawu lwabhaliswa. Iphephandaba i-”Xianning Daily” labika ngomhla zingama-28 kuJulayi ukuthi i-CNIPA Trademark Bureau yalunikeza ngomhla zingama-22 kuJulayi nokuthi isifunda manje sesinezimpawu ezine zesitifiketi sendawo. Ngaleso sikhathi isifunda sasihlela ukuqedela imithetho yokusetshenziswa kophawu.
- Ngo-2023. Isikhungo socwaningo lwetiye lasendle samemezela umncintiswano ovulekile wesiqubulo sokukhangisa: izinhlamvu ezine zegama kwakudingeka zingahlukaniswa, ngoba lona wuphawu olubhalisiwe.
- Ngo-2025. I-Hubei Intellectual Property Office ohlwini lwama-47 lwabasebenzisi bophawu olukhethekile (27 May) yavumela inhlangano yetiye i-«Baizhantan» (百丈潭) futhi yabuyekeza irekhodi lenkampani yetiye enegama elifanayo; bobabili banikezwe ilungelo kuze kube umhla zingama-20 kuJuni 2031.
- Igama: «Tongcheng» (通城) yigama lesifunda; «hao» (毫) uboya obusekuhlumeni; «lü» (绿) okuluhlaza. Kafushane itiye libizwa nge-«毫绿».
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2019) ibiza i-Tongcheng Haolü ngetiye lendabuko elidumile lesifunda kanye nomkhiqizo walo oyinhloko wetiye.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Uhlobo / Cultivar: Emithonjeni etholakele azikho izinhlobo ezishiwo.
- Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela amasha aqinile, ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili.
- Isikhathi sokukhiwa: Njalo ngonyaka ngaphambi komkhosi we-Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ), cishe ngomhla zingama-20 kuMbasa.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Umngcele oseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Hubei, lapho kuhlangana khona i-Hunan, i-Hubei ne-Jiangxi, emaphethelweni asenyakatho wezintaba ze-Mufushan (幕阜山, Mùfù shān). Ngokwencazelo yesikhungo socwaningo lwetiye lasendle, isifunda sizungezwe izintaba empumalanga, entshonalanga naseningizimu, kanti enyakatho indawo icishe ilingane; indawo inamagquma.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo efanayo, kunelanga nemvula eningi, isimo sezulu sesigodi sezintaba.
- Imvelo: Isifunda, ngokwencazelo efanayo, siyisifunda esiyisibonelo sikahulumeni sempucuko yemvelo.
- Ukuphakama kanye nenhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isilinganiso: Ayikho imininingwane ngendawo yezingadi nokukhiqizwa emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Imithombo ikhomba izinto zokusetshenziswa, ihlumela elinamaqabunga elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kwe-Guyu, kanye nohlobo lokomisa: oluxubile, “okomiswa kancane ngokugazinga kancane ngomoya” (半炒半烘). Ingxenye yomswakama isuka ngesikhathi sokugazinga ebhodweni (炒, chǎo), ingxenye ngesikhathi sokomiswa ngomoya oshisayo (烘, hōng). Ayikho imingcele emithonjeni etholakele.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwalolu hlobo lwetiye eliluhlaza:
- Ukunikeza iqabunga elisha ukuphumula (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
- Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lithatha isimo sokusongwa okuqondile.
- Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ingxenye ebhodweni, ingxenye ngomoya oshisayo.
Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lweklasi, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Tongcheng Haolü.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Ayikho incazelo evamile emithonjeni etholakele. Kunefomula emfushane yesimo, ephindwa nguhulumeni wase-Xianning (2021) kanye ne-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (2019).
- Isimo seqabunga elomile: Ukusongwa okuminyene, uboya obuningi, umbala oluhlaza (条索紧、披毫多、色泽绿).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lotshwala: Lihlanzekile (香清), ngokwefomula ye-Hubei Intellectual Property Office; ayihlukanisi iphunga leqabunga nalelo lotshwala.
- Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kugcwele (味醇).
- Umbala wotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izindla zetiye (iqabunga eliselisetshenzisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Ifomula efanayo yengeza ukuthi itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kaningana (耐冲泡).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukwenza Itiye
Umkhuba weklasi wetiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza izitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukuthelwa kokuqala, ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuthelwa kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba weklasi. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo No. 33153879.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Tongcheng futhi usohlwini lwabasebenzisi bophawu olukhethekile, olushicilelwa yi-Hubei Intellectual Property Office.
- Iqabunga, ukusongwa okuqondile okuminyene okuluhlaza okunoboya obuningi.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Ngokomlando wesifunda, ekuqaleni kwe-Song itiye e-Tongcheng lalisishulwa ngenxa yentela, manje imboni yetiye yesifunda incike kulo.
- Igama lavela ngawo-1960, isimo sakhiwa ngawo-1980, kanti igama livikelwe uphawu kuphela ngo-2021, ngemva kwamashumi ayisithupha eminyaka.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza
- I-Songfeng Lü Cha (松峰绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza ledolobha lase-Chibi lomasipala ofanayo wase-Xianning.
- I-Chongyang Baicha (崇阳白茶): Itiye lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Chongyang; iklasi alibhalwanga emibhalweni, izincazelo zihambisana netiye eliluhlaza elivela enhlobonhlobo enamaqabunga akhanyayo.
- I-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe liqonde lase-Henan, uhlobo olufanayo lwe-maojian.
- I-Enshi Yu Lu (恩施玉露): Itiye lase-Hubei eliluhlaza eliqiniswe ngesitimu, ukuze kuqhathaniswe.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Tongcheng Haolü itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe liqonde elinoboya elivela ekhoneni lezifundazwe ezintathu emaphethelweni e-Mufushan. Isimo sichazwa ngefomula emfushane: ukusongwa okuminyene, uboya obuningi, umbala oluhlaza, iphunga elihlanzekile nokunambitheka okuthambile; itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa kaningana. Umlando wesifunda mude, kusukela emyalweni wakwaSong wokusishula itiye kuya “esiyaluyalwini setiye” sika-1980, kanti igama, elanikezwa ngawo-1960, livikelwe uphawu kusukela ngo-2021.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo