Chóngyáng báichá · thetea.app

I-Chongyang Baicha (Chóngyáng báichá, 崇阳白茶) itiye lesifunda saseChongyang (崇阳县) emkhandlwini wedolobha iXianning eningizimu yesifundazwe saseHubei, ezintabeni zaseMufushan (幕阜山). Igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi «itiye elimhlophe laseChongyang», kodwa zonke izincazelo ezitholakele azivezi isigaba esimhlophe, kodwa isimo setiye eliluhlaza esivela enhlotsheni yamacembe amhlophe — ngendlela efanayo neyesibonelo sase-Anji: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elinoboya obumhlophe, uketshezi oluluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, ama-amino acid aphindwe kaningana kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile. Imboni kulesifunda yavuselelwa abalimi betiye baseZhejiang abafika lapho amasimu etiye ayecishe anyamalala ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya ku-1970. Kusukela ngo-2022 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Isigaba embhalweni wophawu angizange ngisibone, ngakho angisibeki. Incazelo kahulumeni waseHubei — iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani, uketshezi oluluhlaza ngokukhanyayo nolukhanyayo, ukuqhathaniswa «netiye eliluhlaza elivamile» — kuyahambisana netiye eliluhlaza elivela enhlotsheni yamacembe amhlophe, hhayi itiye elimhlophe (白茶, báichá) ngokobuchwepheshe. «I-Baicha» egameni ingumbala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo, hhayi ubufakazi besigaba. Ummeli kahulumeni wesifunda ubiza iChongyang njengendawo yokukhiqiza amatiye aluhlaza adumile (名优绿茶).
Isigaba: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2022); ngokwezincazelo — itiye elivela enhlotsheni yamacembe akhanyayo, lokhu akuqinisekisiwe ngombhalo wophawu.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), umkhandlu wedolobha iXianning (咸宁, Xiánníng), isifunda saseChongyang (崇阳, Chóngyáng).
Indawo: Irejista yesifundazwe ibonisa isifunda saseChongyang njengobunikazi bokuphatha balowo ophathe uphawu; umngcele wendawo ngokomthetho angizange ngiwuhlole.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseChongyang — cishe u-29,5° enyakatho kanye no-114,0° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ukuwohloka. Ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao», ngo-1949 amasimu etiye esifunda ayehlanganisa izinkulungwane ezingu-9,2 ze-mu, kwathi ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya ku-1970 acishe anyamalala.
- Abalimi betiye baseZhejiang. Ukuvuselelwa iphephandaba kukuhlobanisa nabalimi betiye baseZhejiang, kuhlanganise nabase-Anji. Omunye wabo wabona ukuthi isimo sezulu nenhlabathi yaseChongyang kufana neyakubo, waqasha amamu angu-500 omhlaba ongenalutho edolobhaneni laseNanlin (南林村) endaweni yaseQingshan futhi wahlwanyela ngesivivinyo «安吉白茶». Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ukuhlaziywa kwetiye eliqediwe, ngokombhalo, kwabonisa ama-amino acid aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3 kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile, futhi emakethe itiye laliphuma izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphambi kwe-Anji. Phakathi kwezindawo lapho abalimi betiye abavakashi babesebenza khona, kushiwo amadolobhana aseHuangmao (黄茆村) endaweni yaseShaping, iXiayan (下岩村) endaweni yaseLukou — lapha kusukela ngo-2016 kunesikhungo sezithombo samamu angu-500, — indawo yaseShicheng, indawo yaseTongzhong kanye nendawo yaseQingshan.
- 2017. Ngokombiko wommeli kahulumeni wesifunda, iChongyang yafakwa ohlwini lwezifunda zamatiye ezibalulekile zikazwelonke.
- 2022. Uhulumeni waseHubei kanye nommeli kahulumeni wesifunda babhala ukuthi ngalo nyaka «崇阳白茶» lathola uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Ihhovisi lempahla yobuhlakani yaseHubei (iphephabhuku lango-2025) libonisa ukubhaliswa okubili — № 40753632 kanye ne-№ 60460784; okokuqala kusebenza kuze kube umhla ka-6 Novemba 2031.
- 2025. Ummeli kahulumeni wesifunda, ngendlela yesimangalo somphakathi sokuphatha, wathola ukuthi ezinkampanini eziyisikhombisa zamatiye amarekhodi okusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ayengekho noma ayengaphelele. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwakhe, izinsiza zesifunda zahlola amapulazi amatiye angu-28 kanye nezitolo ezingama-58 zamakhemikhali ezolimo, zaphinde zasabalalisa amajenali okurekhoda ukukhiqizwa futhi zamukela umthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe wokukhiqizwa kwetiye wesifunda (崇阳县茶叶生产技术规程). Ukuhlolwa kwamaqabunga amasha ngo-Ephreli kwabonisa ukuthi wonke amasampuli ahlangabezana nezidingo.
Igama: «I-Chongyang» (崇阳) yigama lesifunda; «i-baicha» (白茶) — «itiye elimhlophe», ngokombala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo lezinhlobo zamacembe amhlophe.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni lapho itiye lacishe lanyamalala, i-Chongyang Baicha iyisibonelo sokuvuselelwa kwemboni ngamacebiso avakashile. Ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao» (2026), amasimu etiye esifunda aphinde ahlanganisa izinkulungwane ezingu-99 ze-mu, kuyo okungu-61,6 wezinkulungwane ze-mu kungamatiye adumile naweprimiyamu.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Ngophawu emithonjeni etholakele alukashiwongo. I-«Hubei Ribao» ibala izithombo omunye wabalimi betiye baseZhejiang awuletha ekhaya edolobhaneni laseHuangmao: 黄金芽, 中茶108, 乌牛早, «安吉白茶» kanye ne-龙井43. Ukuthi iyiphi enikeza ngempela i-Chongyang Baicha, umbhalo awucacisi; isimo sibonisa uhlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe oluhlobo lwase-Anji, kodwa angizange ngikuthole ukuqinisekiswa.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Azikho izidingo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane; kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi itiye liphuma emakethe izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphambi kwe-Anji.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Iningizimu yeHubei, indawo yezintaba yaseMufushan (幕阜山区).
Umthambeka kanye nesimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo kahulumeni waseHubei — umthambeka oseningizimu wezintaba zaseMufushan, kubanda, kunenkungu, ilanga lanele; eduze kunezihlahla zikalamula.
Inhlabathi: Imithombo iyehluka. Uhulumeni waseHubei ubhala ngenhlabathi ebomvu ene-asidi, i-«Hubei Ribao» — ngenhlabathi ephuzi ene-asidi encane. Ukuthi iyiphi inhlabathi endaweni yophawu, angizange ngiyihlole.
Ubude: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe be-Chongyang Baicha abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Isimo — iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani kanye noketshezi oluluhlaza ngokukhanyayo — sihambisana netiye eliluhlaza. Ngetiye eliluhlaza elivela enhlotsheni yamacembe amhlophe ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:

Ukwenza ubuthaka (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukuqinisa ukushisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloze umbala oluhlaza.
Ukubumba nokomisa (理条, lǐtiáo; 烘干, hōnggān): Iqabunga liyacondiswa futhi lomiswe.

Lesi yisikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Chongyang Baicha. Ngetiye elimhlophe ngokwesigaba akukho ukuqinisa ukushisa, kodwa ubufakazi bokuthi i-Chongyang Baicha yenziwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye elimhlophe, nami angizange ngibuthole.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe nguhulumeni waseHubei.

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Isimo sinjengesama-orchid, umbala oluhlaza okotshani, uboya obumhlophe.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga loketshezi: Ezincazelweni kugqanyiswe iphunga likalamula — lihlobaniswa nezihlahla zikalamula ezingomakhelwane.
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kumnandi; i-«Hubei Ribao» yengeza — akukho kumunyu noma ukubaba (不苦不涩).
Umbala woketshezi: Uluhlaza ngokukhanyayo futhi ukhanyayo.
Isizinda setiye (iqabunga elithe xaxa): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Awekho amanani aphelele emithonjeni etholakele. Uhulumeni waseHubei ubhala ukuthi ama-amino acid e-Chongyang Baicha aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-5 kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile; i-«Hubei Ribao» ibhala ngeqoqo lokuhlola lomlimi wetiye waseZhejiang — liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3. Izindlela namasampuli awukho umthombo othi awusho.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza elintekenteke — zonke izincazelo ezitholakele zikhomba kulo.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–80 °C: ezinhlotsheni zamacembe amhlophe kunama-amino acid amaningi, futhi amanzi ashisayo acisha ukusha kwawo.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo — kuyo kubonakala iqabunga elikhanyayo.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza ingilazi.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Uketshezi lokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-40 kuya kwengama-60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yoketshezi.
5. Ukuphinda kuthelwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «崇阳白茶» (№ 40753632 noma № 60460784).
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseChongyang.
- Iqabunga — liluhlaza okotshani linoboya obumhlophe, uketshezi — luluhlaza ngokukhanyayo futhi lukhanyayo.
- Ungadidanisi netiye elimhlophe ngokwesigaba, isibonelo nelaseFujian: le yindlela ehlukile yokucubungula.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngo-1949 esifundeni kwakunamasimu angu-9,2 ezinkulungwane ze-mu, ngeminyaka yawo-1970 — cishe akukho lutho, kanti ngokwemininingwane yango-2026 — izinkulungwane ezingu-99 ze-mu.
Itiye laseChongyang, ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao», liphuma emakethe izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezingu-7 ngaphambi kwe-Anji, nakuba lapho kuhlwanyelwe ngesivivinyo okufanayo «安吉白茶».
Ummeli kahulumeni wesifunda wangenela itiye hhayi ngenxa yokukhwabanisa uphawu, kodwa ngenxa yamajenali okurekhoda ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane — umphumela kwaba umthethonqubo wobuchwepheshe wokukhiqizwa kwetiye wesifunda.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶): Isibonelo saseZhejiang — itiye eliluhlaza elivela enhlotsheni yamacembe amhlophe; izithombo ezifanayo zalethwa eChongyang.
I-Jing’an Bai Cha (靖安白茶): Elinye itiye «elimhlophe» ngegama elivela enhlotsheni yamacembe amhlophe, manje esifundazweni saseJiangxi.
I-Hubei Qing Zhuan (湖北青砖): Itiye elimnyama lezitini lomkhandlu ofanayo weXianning; iChongyang ingesinye sezifunda zalo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Chongyang Baicha imhlophe ngegama kuphela: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elinoboya obumhlophe, uketshezi oluluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, ukunambitheka okusha okumnandi okunephunga likalamula kanye nama-amino acid aphindwe kaningana kunasetiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile. Lona umlando wokuvuselela: isifunda esacishe salahlekelwa itiye ngeminyaka yawo-1970, salibuyisa ngezithombo zaseZhejiang futhi ngo-2022 sathola uphawu. Umbhalo wesigaba nobuchwepheshe angizange ngiwubone, ngakho indatshana ime phakathi kwezigaba, hhayi phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.