Tiānzūn gòngyá

Tianzun Gongya (Tiānzūn gòngyá, 天尊贡芽) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Tonglu County (桐庐县), mumzinda wa Hangzhou, m’chigawo cha Zhejiang. Dzinali limachokera ku thanthwe la Tianzunyan (天尊岩): zolemba zodziwika bwino zimayika minda ku mapiri a Gewu m’dera la Zhongshan Township (钟山乡) pamwamba pa 800 m. “Gongya” (贡芽) ndi “mphukira ya khoti lachifumu”, udindo osati mawonekedwe a tsamba: malinga ndi nthano, nthawi ya Southern Song tiyi wa kuchokera ku thanthwe limeneli ankaperekedwa kukhoti ku Hangzhou. Malinga ndi cholemba china, m’mene chilili tsopano tiyi adalengedwanso mu 1987, ngakhale cholemba chomwecho chimalemba za mphoto kuyambira 1985. Kuyambira 2013 dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification, mwini wake ndi chigwirizano cha makampani a tiyi cha Tonglu County. Palibe kufotokoza kwa boma pa mawonekedwe, ukadaulo ndi dera komwe tiyi amalimidwa m’mabuku omwe tapeza; pafupifupi zonse zomwe zili m’munsimu ndizochokera ku zolemba zodziwika bwino, ndipo nthawi zina zimasiyana.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Umu ndi momwe mndandanda wa tiyi wobiriwira wa Zhejiang umawuyika; zolemba zina zimafotokoza kuti ndi tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa mwa kuuma pang’ono ndi kuwotcha pang’ono (半烘炒, bàn hōng chǎo). Ukadaulo m’zolembazi ndi wobiriwira: kukhazikika, kupotoza pang’ono, kuumitsa. Sindinaone chikalata cha chizindikiro ndi gulu lake.
• Gulu: Tiyi wakale wa Tonglu County, wobwezeretsedwa m’nthawi yamakono; chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2013).
• Chiyambi: China, Zhejiang Province (浙江, Zhèjiāng), Hangzhou City (杭州, Hángzhōu), Tonglu County (桐庐, Tónglú), Zhongshan Township, dera la mapiri la Gewu (歌舞).
• Dera: Dongosolo lachigawo la zizindikiro limatchula Tonglu County ngati dera la mwini; sindinaone malire a dera mwalamulo.
• Ma coordinate a geografia: Tonglu County ili pafupi 29.8° N ndi 119.7° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • County ndi tiyi. Chimodzi mwa zolemba chimayamba ndi kunena kuti tiyi wa Tonglu watchulidwa mu “Chikho cha Tiyi” (茶经) cha Lu Yu; umboniwu ndi wokhudza tiyi wa county mwachisawawa, osati Tianzun Gongya. China chimatchula mzere kuchokera ku “Mbiri ya Yan Prefecture” (严州府志) ya nthawi ya Ming ya Wanli: mu Fenshui County pali malo otchedwa Tianzunyan, ndipo tiyi wa kumeneko ndi wabwino kwambiri m’dera lonselo. Sindinaone malemba a mbiriyi.
  • Nthano ya Southern Song. Malinga ndi zolemba, pamene khoti la Southern Song linasamukira ku Hangzhou, anthu a m’mapiri anayamba kupanga tiyi wa mphukira kuchokera ku masamba a zitsamba za ku thanthwe la Tianzunyan ndikupereka kukhoti. Nthano imati tiyi anakondweretsa mfumu Gaozong, yemwe ndi Zhao Gou (赵构), ndipo iye anatcha phiri “phiri la banja la Song” (宋家山). Palibe zolemba m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
  • Mbiri ya county. Malinga ndi zolemba, “Mbiri ya Tonglu County” (桐庐县志) imatchula tiyi wa kumaloko, “tiyi wa thanthwe la Tianzun” (天尊岩茶): nthawi ya Song ankapereka kukhoti, ndipo kenako “anasowa chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali” (岁久湮没). Sindinaone malemba a mbiriyi.
  • 1987, kulengedwa kwatsopano. Malinga ndi cholemba, tiyi analengedwanso (重新创制) mu 1987. Cholemba chomwecho chimalemba kuti kuyambira 1985 tiyi analandira maudindo a tiyi wotchuka pa mipikisano ya chigawo ndi mzinda, kotero tsiku la kulengedwa kwatsopano silikugwirizana ndi mndandanda wake womwewo wa mphoto.
  • Mphotho. Cholemba chomwecho chimati tiyi analandira mendulo ya golide pa Panama Exhibition ya 1915 ndi mphoto ya “cultural famous tea” pa chikondwerero choyamba cha Hangzhou International Tea Culture Festival mu 1991. Choyamba sichikugwirizana bwino ndi kulengedwa kwatsopano kwa tiyi mu 1987, ndipo sindinapeze umboni wake.
  • 2012–2013, chizindikiro. Pempho linaperekedwa pa 9 July 2012, kulembetsa pa 21 July 2013.
  • 2018. Malinga ndi uthenga wa Zhongshan Township, chikondwerero cha kutsegula kukolola chinachitika pa 2 April 2018 mu Tianzun Gongya production park m’mudzi wa Gewu (歌舞村); tiyi analandira chikwangwani “Chinese cultural famous tea” (中华文化名茶), ndipo chigwirizano cha tiyi cha county chinasaina pangano ndi township pa kayendetsedwe ka mtundu.
• Dzina: “Tianzun” (天尊) ndi dzina la nsonga ndi thanthwe kumene, malinga ndi zolemba, tiyi amamera; “gongya” (贡芽) ndi “mphukira ya msonkho”, chizindikiro chakuti tiyi ankaperekedwa kukhoti.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Limodzi mwa mayina a tiyi otetezedwa a Tonglu County pamodzi ndi tiyi wa singano Xueshui Yunlü; onse awiri ali pansi pa chigwirizano chimodzi cha county.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
• Kukolola: Malinga ndi cholemba china, pafupi ndi Qingming, kumayambiriro kwa April.
• Muyezo wa kukolola: Mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langotuluka kumene (一芽一叶初展), malinga ndi cholemba. China chimalemba za kukolola “makamaka mphukira”.
• Zofunika pa zopangira: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Mapiri a Gewu m’dera la Zhongshan Township, Tonglu County. Zolemba zimatchula malowa ngati “Gewu Township” (歌舞乡) ndi “dera la mapiri la Gewu”; Zhongshan Township mu 2018 inalemba za malo opangira tiyi m’mudzi wa Gewu. Deta ya malo a minda palibe m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
• Kutalika kwa kulima: Malinga ndi cholemba, pamwamba pa 800 m; palibe nambala yotsimikizika.
• Nyengo ndi dothi: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Palibe zofunikira za boma pa ukadaulo m’mabuku omwe tapeza. Cholemba chimafupikitsa njira m’mawu akuti “kuyala mopyapyala kuti fungo lituluke, kuwotcha pang’ono kuti mtundu usungidwe, kuwongola kuti mawonekedwe akhale abwino, kupotoza pang’ono kuti kukoma kukhale kwabwino, kuumitsa pa kutentha kochepa” (薄摊吐芳，轻炒保色，理条造形，轻揉促质，低温焙香) ndipo chimalongosola ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1. Kufalitsa masamba atsopano (摊放, tānfàng).
2. Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng).
3. Kupotoza pang’ono (轻揉, qīng róu).
4. Kuumitsa koyamba (初焙, chū bèi).
5. Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
6. Kuumitsa komaliza (复焙, fù bèi).

Palibe magawo a kutentha, nthawi, makulidwe a masamba m’mabuku omwe tapeza. Kuumitsa kawiri ndi kuzizira pakati ndi chizolowezi chofala kwa tiyi wobiriwira woumiritsidwa pa mbaula; ichi ndi ndondomeko ya gulu lonse, osati kufotokoza kotsimikizika kwa tiyi umenewu kwenikweni.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokoza m’munsimu kumachokera ku zolemba zodziwika bwino; sindinaone kufotokoza kwa boma kwa mawonekedwe.

• Mawonekedwe a masamba owuma: Amawoneka ngati Shou Mei, “nsidze za moyo wautali” (形似寿眉), mitsempha ya siliva yowonekera, wobiriwira ndi kuwala kwa emerald (银毫披露，绿中透翠); cholemba china chimati kufotokozaku kunachokera ku mbiri ya county. Cholemba chaposachedwa popanda zolemba chimati tsamba ndi lathyathyathya ndi lofanana (扁平整齐); sindinganene kuti kufotokoza kuti ndi koyandikira kwambiri kwa chinthu chotetezedwa.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe deta m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
• Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Oyera, okwezeka komanso okhalitsa (香气清高持久); cholemba chomwecho chaposachedwa chimalemba za fungo lamaluwa lolemera.
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano, kolimbikitsa, kofewa komanso kotsekemera (滋味鲜爽甘醇), momwe cholemba chimafotokozera mbiri ya county; palibe tsatanetsatane m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
• Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wobiriwira komanso wowala (汤色绿而明亮); m’mawu a mbiri ya county, wobiriwira wofewa komanso wowala (汤色嫩绿明亮).
• Masamba pambuyo pophika: Mphukira zimatseguka mu kapu, “zonga malilime a mpheta” (状如雀舌).

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Zida: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
• Njira:
  1. Tenthetsa zida.
  2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
  3. Madzi oyamba pambuyo pa masekondi 40–60.
  4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
  5. Onjezerani madzi.
  6. Kubwezeretsanso kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mitengo ndi Zonama

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku omwe tapeza.

• Momwe mungapewere zonama:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification “天尊贡芽” No. 11181249. Malinga ndi dongosolo lachigawo la 2019, palibe kampani yomwe idaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito; sizikudziwika ngati chizindikiradi chikugwira ntchito tsopano.
  • Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa ku Tonglu County.
  • Kumbukirani kuti mawonekedwe m’zolembazi amafotokozedwa mosiyana, choncho mawonekedwe okha sakwanira kutsimikizira.

11. Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi

• Mwini wa chizindikiro ndi Tonglu County Tea Industry Association (桐庐县茶叶产业协会); chigwirizano chomwecho ndi wopempha wa Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Tea.
• Dzina la tiyi ndi udindo, osati kufotokoza: “mphukira ya msonkho” imanena za nthano, osati za mawonekedwe a tsamba.
• Nthano imagwirizanitsa tiyi ndi kusintha dzina kwa phiri: mfumu akuti anatcha phirilo “phiri la banja la Song.”
• Pakati pa nthano ya Song ndi kulengedwa kwatsopano kwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980, zolemba zimayika njira imodzi ya mbiri, kuti tiyi “anasowa chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali.”

12. Kufananiza ndi Tiyi Ena a ku Hangzhou

• Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha (桐庐雪水云绿茶): Tiyi wa singano wochokera ku mphukira imodzi ya county yomweyo, ndi zofunikira zatsatanetsatane za ukadaulo; Tianzun Gongya alibe zofunikira zotere m’mabuku omwe tapeza.
• Anding Yunwu (安顶云雾): Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri wa ku Fuyang woyandikana naye, kumunsi kwa Fuchunjiang, nayenso ndi nthano ya msonkho kukhoti.
• Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Tiyi wobiriwira wathyathyathya wa ku Hangzhou, chizindikiro cha cholemba chomwe chimalongosola Tianzun Gongya ngati wathyathyathya.
• Tianmu Qingding (天目青顶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri wa Lin’an District mumzinda womwewo.

Pomaliza:

Tianzun Gongya ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri a Zhongshan Township, Tonglu County, wokhala ndi udindo wa “mphukira ya msonkho” m’dzina lake. Zomwe zikudziwika motsimikizika ndi zochepa: chizindikiro cha 2013 cha chigwirizano cha tiyi cha county. Zina zonse ndi nkhani ya zolemba za Southern Song ndi kulengedwa kwatsopano kwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980, mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi ndi madzi obiriwira owala, ndipo ngakhale mawonekedwe a tsamba amafotokozedwa mosiyana. Nkhaniyi imasunga mfundo zimenezi ndi cholembedwa cha gwero ndipo ikuyembekezera chikalata chomwe chingazitsimikizire.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №11181249

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero