I-Tianzun Gongya (Tiānzūn gòngyá, 天尊贡芽) — itiye eliluhlaza laseTonglu County (桐庐县) edolobheni laseHangzhou, esifundazweni saseZhejiang. Igama lithathwe edwaleni laseTianzunyan (天尊岩): imithombo edumile ibeka amasimu ezintabeni zaseGewu emkhandlwini waseZhongshan (钟山乡) ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800. «UGongya» (贡芽) — «iqabunga lenkantolo», isiqu hhayi ukwakheka kweqabunga: ngokwesiko, ngesikhathi seSouthern Song itiye lalethwa enkantolo yaseHangzhou. Ngokomthombo owodwa, itiye lasungulwa kabusha ngo-1987, nakuba lowo mthombo ubhala ngemiklomelo kusukela ngo-1985. Kusukela ngo-2013 igama livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, umnikazi — inhlangano yemboni yetiye yaseTonglu County. Akukho ncazelo esemthethweni yokubukeka, ubuchwepheshe nendawo emithonjeni etholakele; cishe konke okungezansi kuvela emithonjeni edumile, futhi leyo mithombo iyaphikisana kwezinye izindawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Lolu hlobo lufakwa ohlwini lwamatiye aluhlaza aseZhejiang; imithombo icacisa — itiye eliluhlaza lokomisa isigamu-lokugazinga isigamu (半烘炒, bàn hōng chǎo). Ubuchwepheshe emithonjeni buluhlaza: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa okuncane, ukomiswa. Idokhumenti yophawu enesigaba angizange ngiyibone.
- Isigaba: Itiye lomlando laseTonglu County, elivuselelwe esikhathini samanje; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2013).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha laseHangzhou (杭州, Hángzhōu), i-Tonglu County (桐庐, Tónglú), umkhandlu waseZhongshan, indawo yezintaba yaseGewu (歌舞).
- Indawo: Isizinda sezimpawu sesifundazwe sibonisa i-Tonglu County njengobunikazi bomnikazi; umngcele osemthethweni wendawo angizange ngiwubone.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Tonglu County cishe ngu-29.8° N no-119.7° E.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Isifunda netiye. Omunye wemithombo uqala ngokuthi itiye laseTonglu lishiwo ku-«Canon of Tea» (茶经) kaLu Yu; lobu ubufakazi betiye lesifunda ngokujwayelekile, hhayi ngeTianzun Gongya. Omunye ucaphuna umugqa ovela ku-«Yanzhou Prefecture Chronicle» (严州府志) wesikhathi seWanli kaMing: esifundeni saseFenshui kunendawo yaseTianzunyan, futhi itiye lalapho — lihamba phambili esifundeni. Umbhalo walo mbhalo angizange ngiwubone.
- Inganekwane ngeSouthern Song. Ngokwemithombo, lapho inkantolo yaseSouthern Song ithuthela eHangzhou, abantu basezintabeni baqala ukwenza itiye lezinso emaqabungeni ezihlahla zedwala laseTianzunyan futhi baliletha enkantolo. Inganekwane ithi itiye lathandwa yinkosi uGaozong — uZhao Gou (赵构), futhi yabiza intaba «intaba yozalo lukaSong» (宋家山). Awekho amadokhumenti emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbhalo wesifunda. Ngokwemithombo, i-«Tonglu County Chronicle» (桐庐县志) ikhuluma ngetiye ngendawo — «itiye ledwala laseTianzun» (天尊岩茶): ngesikhathi sikaSong lalethwa enkantolo, bese kuthi «ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lanyamalala» (岁久湮没). Umbhalo walo mbhalo angizange ngiwubone.
- 1987 — ukusungulwa kabusha. Ngokomthombo, itiye lasungulwa kabusha (重新创制) ngo-1987. Lowo mthombo ubhala ukuthi kusukela ngo-1985 itiye lathola iziqu zetiye elidumile emincintiswaneni yesifundazwe neyedolobha, ngakho usuku lokusungulwa kabusha aluhambisani nohlu lwemiklomelo lwawo.
- Imiklomelo. Lowo mthombo unikeza itiye indondo yegolide ye-Panama Exhibition ka-1915 kanye nomklomelo we-«cultural famous tea» emkhosini wokuqala we-Hangzhou International Tea Culture Festival ngo-1991. Okuqala akuhambisani kahle nokusungulwa kabusha kwetiye ngo-1987, futhi isiqinisekiso salokho angizange ngisithole.
- 2012–2013 — uphawu. Isicelo sathunyelwa ngoJulayi 9, 2012, ukubhaliswa — ngoJulayi 21, 2013.
- 2018. Ngokombiko womkhandlu waseZhongshan, umkhosi wokuvula ukuvunwa wenzeka ngo-Ephreli 2, 2018 epaki lokukhiqiza leTianzun Gongya edolobhaneni laseGewu (歌舞村); itiye lanikezwa uqwembe lwe-«Chinese cultural famous tea» (中华文化名茶), futhi inhlangano yetiye yesifunda yasayina nesifunda isivumelwano sokuphatha uphawu.
- Igama: «I-Tianzun» (天尊) — igama lephiko nedwala, lapho, ngokwemithombo, itiye likhula khona; «igongya» (贡芽) — «iqabunga lentela», uphawu lokuthi itiye lalilethwa enkantolo.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Elinye lamagama etiye avikelwe eTonglu County kanye netiye lenalithi iXueshui Yunlü; ngemuva kwakho kokubili kunenhlangano eyodwa yesifunda.
3. Incazelo YeBotanical kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- I-Cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuvuna: Ngokomthombo owodwa — cishe ngesikhathi seQingming, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Iqabunga elilodwa elinegxolo elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka (一芽一叶初展) — ngokomthombo. Omunye ubhala ngokuvuna «ikakhulukazi amaqabunga angama-buds».
- Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Izintaba zaseGewu emkhandlwini waseZhongshan eTonglu County. Imithombo ibiza indawo ngokuthi «umkhandlu waseGewu» (歌舞乡) kanye «nendawo yezintaba yaseGewu»; umkhandlu waseZhongshan ngo-2018 wabhala ngepaki lokukhiqiza itiye edolobhaneni laseGewu. Indawo yamasimu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokomthombo — ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800; ayikho inombolo eqinisekisiwe.
- Isimo sezulu nomhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Azikho izidingo ezisemthethweni zobuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele. Umthombo ufingqa indlela ngefomula ethi «ukusakaza okuncane ukuze kuphume iphunga, ukugazinga okuncane ukuze kulondolozeke umbala, ukuqondisa ukuze kube nokwakheka, ukusonga okuncane ukuze kube nokunambitheka, ukomisa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi» (薄摊吐芳，轻炒保色，理条造形，轻揉促质，低温焙香) futhi uchaza ukulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ukusakazwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng).
- Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng).
- Ukusongwa okuncane (轻揉, qīng róu).
- Ukomiswa kokuqala (初焙, chū bèi).
- Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
- Ukomiswa kokugcina (复焙, fù bèi).
Amapharamitha — izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, ubukhulu bongqimba — awekho emithonjeni etholakele. Ukomiswa kabili nokuphola phakathi — umkhuba ojwayelekile wamatiye aluhlaza omisiwe ngembawula; lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo eqinisekisiwe yaleli tiye.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Izincazelo ezingezansi zivela emithonjeni edumile; incazelo esemthethweni yokubukeka angizange ngiyibone.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kufana neShou Mei — «amashiya okuphila isikhathi eside» (形似寿眉), uboya besiliva buvezwa ngaphandle, okuluhlaza nokucwebezelayo (银毫披露，绿中透翠); omunye wemithombo ubeka le ncazelo embhalweni wesifunda. Umthombo wakamuva ngaphandle kwemithombo ubiza iqabunga ngokuthi liyisicaba futhi lilingana (扁平整齐); ukuthi iyiphi incazelo esondele emkhiqizweni ovikelwe, angikwazi ukusho.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokumnika: Kuhlanzekile, kuphakeme futhi kuqinile (香气清高持久); lowo mthombo wakamuva ubhala ngephunga lezimbali eligcwele.
- Ukunambitheka: Kuhlaziya, kunika amandla, kuthambile futhi kumnandi (滋味鲜爽甘醇) — kanjalo umthombo ulandisa umbhalo wesifunda; imininingwane eyengeziwe ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wokumnika: Uluhlaza futhi ukhanya (汤色绿而明亮); ekulandiseni kombhalo wesifunda — uluhlaza othembile futhi ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
- Amahlamvu asetshenzisiwe: Ama-buds avuleka enkomishini, «afana nezilimi zongqandu» (状如雀舌).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukwenza Itiye
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Ubuningi betiye: amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml.
- Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa izitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukumnika kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokumnika.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopisha:
- Funani uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «天尊贡芽» No. 11181249. Ngokwesizinda sesifundazwe sango-2019 akukho nkampani eyodwa evunyelwe ukulusebenzisa; ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza manje, akuqinisekisiwe.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eTonglu County.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukubukeka kuchazwe ngendlela ehlukile emithonjeni, ngakho ukubukeka kwangaphandle kuphela akwanele ukuhlola.
11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo
- Umnikazi wophawu — i-Tonglu County Tea Industry Association (桐庐县茶叶产业协会); leyo nhlangano eyodwa futhi ingumfakisicelo weTonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha.
- Igama letiye — isiqu, hhayi incazelo: «iqabunga lentela» likhuluma ngenganekwane, hhayi ngokwakheka kweqabunga.
- Inganekwane ixhumanisa netiye ukuqanjwa kabusha kwentaba: inkosi kuthiwa yabiza intaba ngokuthi «intaba yozalo lukaSong».
- Phakathi kwenganekwane yaseSong nokusungulwa kabusha kwasekupheleni kwawo-1980 imithombo ibeka ifomula eyodwa yombhalo wesifunda — itiye «lanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi».
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseHangzhou
- I-Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha (桐庐雪水云绿茶): Itiye lenalithi elivela kuma-buds awodwa esifunda esifanayo, elinezidingo ezinemininingwane zobuchwepheshe; iTianzun Gongya ayinazo lezo zidingo emithonjeni etholakele.
- I-Anding Yunwu (安顶云雾): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lesifunda saseFuyang esingumakhelwane ngaphansi kweFuchunjiang, nalo elinenganekwane yentela enkantolo.
- I-Xi Hu Longjing (西湖龙井): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseHangzhou — liyinkomba yalowo mthombo ochaza iTianzun Gongya njengesicaba.
- I-Tianmu Qingding (天目青顶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lesifunda saseLin’an sedolobha elifanayo.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Tianzun Gongya — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni zomkhandlu waseZhongshan eTonglu County elinesiqu se-«bud-tribute» egameni. Okuthembekile ngakho akukuningi: uphawu lwango-2013 lwenhlangano yetiye yesifunda. Okunye — indaba yemithombo ngeSouthern Song nokusungulwa kabusha ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, ngeqabunga elilodwa elinegxolo kanye nokumnika okuluhlaza okukhanyayo, futhi ngisho nokwakheka kweqabunga kuchazwa ngendlela ehlukile kuyo. I-athikili igcina le mininingwane ngenothi lomthombo futhi ilinde idokhumenti ezoyihlola.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo