Táoyuán yěcháwáng

Taoyuan Yechawang (Táoyuán yěcháwáng, 桃源野茶王) ndi “mfumu ya tiyi wa kuthengo wa ku Taoyuan”: tiyi wobiriwira wa masamba a m’mphukira wa m’boma la Taoyuan (桃源县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Changde kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Amapangidwa kokha kuchokera ku masamba a m’mphukira a mtundu wa komweko wa masamba akuluakulu 桃源大叶, womwe unachokera ku tiyi wa kuthengo wa masamba akuluakulu wa m’mapiri a m’chigawo cha Taipingpu, ndipo ndiye chifukwa chake mawu oti “kuthengo” ali m’dzina; tiyi amene amatengedwa ku mitengo ya kuthengo si ameneyu. Kuyambira 31 December 2005, Taoyuan Yechawang ndi chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wa masamba a m’mphukira. Chidziwitso cha chitetezo sichitchula kalasi ndi liwu, koma ndondomeko yake yopangira: kuletsa kutentha, kuwongola masamba a m’mphukira, kuyanika, popanda okosijeni, ndi mtundu wake wobiriwira wachikondi zikusonyeza kuti ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Mtundu womwewo ndi waukulu kuposa kalasi imodzi: buku la mitundu ya tiyi limati ndi chinthu cha tiyi wofiira komanso wakuda.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa masamba a m’mphukira; chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2005). Mu mzere wa tiyi wa m’boma la mtundu wa 桃源大叶 ndi mzere wa masamba a m’mphukira; mizere ina iwiri ndi maojian ndi tiyi wobiriwira wamba.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), chigawo cha mzinda wa Changde (常德, Chángdé), boma la Taoyuan (桃源县, Táoyuán xiàn).
Malo otetezedwa: Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha chitetezo, malo khumi a m’boma: Taohuayuan (桃花源镇), Shaping (沙坪镇), Luhuatan (芦花潭乡), Guniushan (牯牛山乡), Xiangxiqiao (乡溪桥乡), Chaanpu (茶庵铺乡), Taipingpu (太平铺乡), Xianpu (西安铺乡), Fengping (封坪乡) ndi Lingjintan (凌津滩乡). Maziko ake ndi kalata ya boma ya Taoyuan yokhudza malire a malo (桃政函〔2004〕62号). Kulembedwa kwa 乡溪桥乡 kumachokera ku chidziwitso chomwe chinasindikizidwanso; m’malo a tiyi wofiira a boma ili malo amalembedwa kuti 杨溪桥, ndipo izi zikhoza kukhala zolakwika.
Ma coordinates a malo: Boma la Taoyuan lili pafupi ndi 28.9° kumpoto ndi 111.5° kummawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- 1969. Malinga ndi nkhani ya “New Hunan” ya 2018, mtunduwo unachokera ku tiyi wa kuthengo wa masamba akuluakulu wa m’mapiri pafupi ndi mudzi wa Lujiachong (陆家冲) m’chigawo cha Taipingpu; mu 1969 akatswiri a zaulimi a boma anayamba kusankha, kuchulukitsa ndi kubzala moyesa.
- 1989 ndi 1992. Mtunduwo unadutsa kuyezetsa kwaukadaulo kwa chigawo, kenako unavomerezedwa ndi komiti ya chigawo ya mitundu pansi pa dzina la 桃源大叶.
- 1997–1998. Malinga ndi mabuku ofotokozera, munali mphoto ya siliva pa Chiwonetsero cha Tiyi cha Padziko Lonse cha Beijing (1997) ndi golide pa mpikisano wa Hunan wa “金牌杯” (1998).
- 2005. Pa 31 December, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) inalengeza chitetezo cha Taoyuan Yechawang monga chinthu chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo. Malire a malo a boma anakhazikitsidwa ndi kalata ya 2004.
- 2006. Pa 4 April ku tawuni ya Chaanpu kunachitika msonkhano wa atolankhani wokhudza chitetezo. Malinga ndi uthenga wa boma la boma, Yechawang anakhala chinthu chachinayi chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo ku Hunan ndi choyamba m’chigawo cha Changde; pansi pa mtundu wa 桃源大叶 panali mahekitala 3780, ndipo Yechawang ankatulutsa matani oposa 600 pachaka.
- 2024–2026. Chidziwitso cha China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 593 cha 18 July 2024 chinalola chizindikiro chapadera kwa opanga awiri a Yechawang; kampani ina inapeza ufulu wa chizindikiro malinga ndi zidziwitso No. 615 (zosainidwa mu January 2025) ndi No. 660 (January 2026).
Dzina: “Taoyuan” (桃源) ndi “gwero la pichesi,” dzina la boma; “Yecha” (野茶, yěchá) ndi “tiyi wa kuthengo,” kutengera chiyambi cha mtunduwo; “Wang” (王, wáng) ndi “mfumu,” mbali yotamanda ya dzina.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Nkhani ya ofesi ya ziwerengero ya Hunan ya 2015 inatchedwa “kukulitsa makampani a Taoyuan Daye, kumanga chizindikiro cha Taoyuan Yechawang.” Tawuni ya Chaanpu mu 2025 inatchula zizindikiro zitatu za malo za boma: Daye Cha, Yechawang ndi Hongcha.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zinthu

Mtundu: 桃源大叶 (Táoyuán dàyè, “masamba akuluakulu a Taoyuan”). Malinga ndi buku la mitundu, ndi chitsamba, cha masamba akuluakulu, chotuluka msanga, diploid; masamba a m’mphukira a masika amayamba kutuluka pakati pa March. Kusankha, malinga ndi bukuli, kunachitika mu 1976–1992 ndi station ya mitundu ya tiyi ya boma ndi tea institute ya Hunan Agricultural University.
Maonekedwe a mtundu: Malinga ndi buku la mitundu, ndi tsamba lalikulu lamnofu (叶片肥大) looneka ngati elipse; kulemera kwa mphukira zana za “mphukira ndi masamba atatu” ndi 103.0 g.
Kuchulukitsa ndi kubzala: Chidziwitso cha chitetezo chimafuna kuchulukitsa ndi ma cuttings aafupi (短穗扦插) ndi kachulukidwe ka zitsamba 2500–3000 pa mu (666.7 m²); feteleza makamaka organic.
Zinthu: Ndi masamba a m’mphukira okha (芽头, yátóu).
Nthawi ndi muyezo wa kukolola: Malinga ndi chidziwitso, kukolola kumayamba pakati pa March pamene mphukira yafika pafupifupi 2 cm, ndipo kumapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa October.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Mapiri a boma la Taoyuan. Likulu la tiyi ndi tawuni ya Chaanpu (茶庵铺镇): malinga ndi nkhani ya April 2025, pali mahekitala 88,000 a minda ndi matani 28,000 a tiyi pachaka, 45% ya boma.
Kutalika kwa malo: Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha chitetezo, 150–600 m. Buku lina limati 300–1064 m kumwera kwa boma, m’chigwa cha mtsinje wa Yuanshui (沅水); magwero amasiyana, koma chidziwitso cha chitetezo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Dothi: Malinga ndi chidziwitso, ndi dothi lofiira la Quaternary ndi zinthu zowola za slate za dongo ndi granite; dothi lomasuka, loyenda bwino madzi, pH 4.5–6.0, organic matter osachepera 2.0%.
Nyengo: Malinga ndi buku lina, ndi nyengo ya subtropical monsoon, pafupifupi 16 °C pachaka.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Chidziwitso cha chitetezo chimapereka ndondomeko yotsatira ya kukonza koyamba (初制工艺, chūzhì gōngyì):

Kuyala masamba a m’mphukira (芽头摊青, yátóu tānqīng).
Kuletsa kutentha (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumaletsa okosijeni.
Kuzizira pamphepo (清风摊凉, qīngfēng tānliáng).
Kuwongola masamba a m’mphukira (理条, lǐtiáo): Masamba a m’mphukira amapatsidwa mawonekedwe owongoka.
Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
Kukulitsa fungo (提香, tíxiāng).
Kuzizira.
Kuyanika kwathunthu ndi kuchotsa m’potulo (足干、起锅, zúgān, qǐguō).

Palibe kupotoza: mphukira imakhalabe yathunthu ndi yowongoka. Kutentha ndi nthawi sizinapezeke m’magwero.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuona

Chidziwitso cha chitetezo chimafotokoza mwachidule: “外形全芽挺直，汤色嫩绿清澈，香气持久带栗香味，回味甘甜爽口”.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba a m’mphukira athunthu owongoka (全芽挺直); mafotokozedwe a boma amawonjezera kuti ndi amphamvu ndi owonda, ndi ubweya wambiri wa siliva, wobiriwira wachikondi (银毫披露，色泽嫩绿).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera m’magwero opezeka.
Fungo la tiyi: Lokhalitsa, lokhala ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut (香气持久带栗香味); malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a boma, ndi lalitali komanso lofatsa (嫩香悠长).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano komanso kofatsa (滋味鲜醇), malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a boma; chidziwitso chimati pambuyo pake pamakhala kukoma kotsekemera (回味甘甜爽口).
Mtundu wa tiyi: Wobiriwira wachikondi, wowonekera bwino (汤色嫩绿清澈).
Masamba otayira: Chidziwitso sichifotokoza; mafotokozedwe a boma amati masamba ndi obiriwira wachikondi komanso owala.

Buku lina limati akamwetsa, masamba a m’mphukira “amakwera ndi kutsika katatu” (三起三落).

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi

Chidziwitso cha chitetezo chimapereka zochepera za tiyi wouma:

Chizindikiro	Chofunika
Ma amino acid aulere onse	osachepera 2.0%
Ma catechin onse	osachepera 80 mg/g
Ma polyphenol a tiyi	osachepera 20%
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	osachepera 30%

Palibe miyeso ina ya tiyi ameneyu m’magwero opezeka.

8. Kumwetsa

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C, kwa masamba a m’mphukira pafupi ndi 80 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chida: Kapu ya galasi, momwe mungawonere masamba a m’mphukira akuimirira m’madzi, kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chida.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
3. Kumwetsa koyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya madzi ena, ndikuwonjezera madzi.
5. Kumwetsa kuwiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe chidziwitso cha mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha malo: amachiyika kokha ndi makampani omwe ali m’zidziwitso za CNIPA.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akugwira ntchito m’malo otetezedwa.
- Yang’anani masamba: masamba a m’mphukira athunthu owongoka okha ndi ubweya wa siliva.
- Musasokoneze ndi Taoyuan Daye Cha (桃源大叶茶) ndi Taoyuan Hongcha (桃源红茶): iwo ali ndi chitetezo chawo.

Palibe zizindikiro za labotale za zonama zomwe magwero amapereka.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Mtundu womwe amapangira Yechawang unasankhidwa kuchokera ku tiyi wa kuthengo wa masamba akuluakulu: kusankha kunayamba mu 1969, ndipo unakhala mtundu wa chigawo mu 1992.
Nyengo ya kukolola malinga ndi chidziwitso cha chitetezo ndi yayitali, kuyambira pakati pa March mpaka kumapeto kwa October.
Malinga ndi boma, Yechawang anali chinthu choyamba chotetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha malo m’chigawo chonse cha Changde.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi wina wa ku Hunan

Taoyuan Daye Cha (桃源大叶茶): Chizindikiro cha tiyi wa mtundu womwewo mwambiri: wa masamba a m’mphukira, maojian ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa masamba; Yechawang ndi masamba a m’mphukira okha.
Taoyuan Hongcha (桃源红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa boma lomwelo ndi chitetezo chake.
Shimen Yin Feng (石门银峰): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Shimen m’chigawo chomwecho cha Changde.
Junshan Yin Zhen (君山银针): Tiyi wodziwika kwambiri wa masamba a m’mphukira wa ku Hunan, koma ndi wachikasu, wopangidwa ndi kutenthetsa kwapadera kwa masamba a m’mphukira, zomwe Yechawang alibe.

Pomaliza:

Taoyuan Yechawang ndi tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba a m’mphukira okha a mtundu wosankhidwa kuchokera ku tiyi wa kuthengo wa masamba akuluakulu a boma. Chikalata cha chitetezo chake ndi chodziwika bwino: malo khumi, kutalika kwa 150–600 m, kuchulukitsa ndi cuttings, mphukira pafupifupi 2 cm, magawo asanu ndi atatu a kukonza ndi zochepera za ma amino acid, ma catechin ndi ma polyphenol. Masamba a m’mphukira owongoka a siliva, mtundu wobiriwira wachikondi ndi fungo la chestnut ndi zomwe chikalatacho chimalonjeza.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 2024年第3期专用标志核准使用名录 №2024-3

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero