Fènghuà qūháo · thetea.app

Fenghua Quhao (Fènghuà qūháo, 奉化曲毫) yitiye eluhlaza yesifunda saseFenghua (奉化区) edolobheni laseNingbo ogwini olusempumalanga yeZhejiang. Ibonakala ngeqabunga eliwugqinsi, eligoqwe laba igobe futhi limbozwe uboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo: 曲 (qū) — «eligoqekile», 毫 (háo) — «uboya». Igama lisuselwa emugqeni wendela yaseSong, kanti itiye lamanje lasungulwa ngo-1996 futhi lenziwa kuphela ngeqabunga lasentwasahlobo. Livikelwa uphawu lwesitifiketi (olwashicilelwa ngo-2018), ukukhonjwa kwendawo yezolimo (2021) futhi, ngokohlu lwezinkomba, liqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo (2025).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá): ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa. Ukuphatha kwesifundazwe kokuhlola imakethe kumbiza ngqo ngetiye eliluhlaza (系绿茶), inkomba — «itiye eliqanjwe ngegama leZhejiang lezinga lokuqala» (浙江省一类名茶).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe elinoboya, ngaphansi kwezindlela eziningana zokuvikela.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha laseNingbo (宁波, Níngbō), isifunda saseFenghua (奉化, Fènghuà).
Indawo evikelekile: Uhlu lwezinkomba luyichaza njengayo yonke indawo yamanje yesifunda saseFenghua. Incazelo eyireferensi yokukhonjwa kwezolimo ibala amadolobhana ayi-10 kanye namakomidi emigwaqo anamadolobhana angama-325, phakathi kwawo kukhona u-Shangtian, u-Dayan, u-Xikou kanye no-Xiu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 121°03′–121°46′ Empumalanga, 29°25′–29°47′ EseNyakatho — ngokwencazelo efanayo.
Izindlela zokuvikela:
- Uphawu lwesitifiketi «奉化曲毫» № 28458230. Ngokokuphatha kwesifundazwe kokuhlola imakethe, lugunyazwe futhi lwashicilelwa ngomhla ka-28 Disemba 2018 futhi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu lokushicilelwa lwasebenza ngomhla ka-28 Mashi — ngokubalwa kwezinsuku ngo-2019. Inothi lomlawuli ngokwalo lishicilelwe ngo-August 2020 futhi luthi lolu suku «ngu-28 Mashi walo nyaka»; i-athikili eyireferensi ithi uphawu lwango-2020. Umnikazi — Inhlangano Yokuthuthukisa Isiko Letiye laseFenghua (奉化茶文化促进会).
- Ukukhonjwa kwezolimo. Isimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya № 431; isitifiketi sakhishwa ngomhla ka-4 Juni 2021.
- Umkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo. Uhlu lwezinkomba lubhekisela egameni esimemezelweni se-CNIPA № 640 (2025) futhi luthi simise isigaba esihambisanayo sesimemezelo sango-2003 № 45 se-AQSIQ esimayelana no-«奉化曲毫茶（雪窦山牌）». Ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesimemezelo sango-2003, akukwazanga ukutholakala; imibhalo yakho kokubili ayikwazanga ukuvulwa.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umgqa weSong. Inkomba ithi itiye laseFenghua lalilinywa kakade ngesikhathi seTang. Imithombo ixhumanisa igama nomusho womphathi wesigodlo sezindela saseXuedou (雪窦寺) umeluleki weChan u-Guangwen (广闻) wasencwadini ethi «御书应梦名山记»: «荼荠不同亩，曲毫幽而独芳» — «utshani obumuncu nomfana wabelusi abahlangani ensimini eyodwa, kanti i-quhao, icashile, inuka kamnandi iyodwa». Imithombo eminingi imane nje iyibeka enkathini yeSong, uhlu lwezinkomba kanye nabezindaba besifunda — eminyakeni ye-«景右» yaseNyakatho yeSong. Umbhalo oyireferensi ngentaba i-Xuedou usuke ulandisa inganekwane yokuthi umbhalo othi «应梦名山» wenziwa kamuva yinkosi yaseNingizimu yeSong u-Lizong ngokwesiyalo somanduleli; uma kunjalo, usuku lwaseNyakatho yeSong lwe-«Rekhodi» ngakho luyangabazeka. Embhalweni wokuqala isicaphuno nosuku akukwazanga ukuhlolwa.
- 1996. Itiye lamanje lasungulwa ochwepheshe betiye ngeqabunga lezinhlobo ezinoboya obuningi; izinkomba zilibiza kanyekanye ngetiye lomlando nelisha eliqanjwe ngegama. Abezindaba besifunda babhala ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokusonga (改良蟠曲加工工艺), i-athikili eyireferensi — ukuthi kwasetshenziswa itiye pan-long (蟠龙茶) njengesisekelo.
- 1997. Ngokwesicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012, ubuchwepheshe baqinisekiswa ngo-1996 emva kwemizamo yeminyaka eminingi, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo itiye lathola ukuhlolwa kwetiye eliqanjwe ngegama ezingeni lesifundazwe.
- 1999. Kwavela umkhiqizo othi «Xuedoushan» (雪窦山). Ngo-2015 inani lalo lalinganiselwa kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-176.
- 2012. Kwaqala ukulungiswa kwesicelo sophawu. Ngawo lowo nyaka itiye laphakathi kwabawine umncintiswano Womhlaba Wetiye Eliluhlaza edolobheni laseShimada (iShizuoka Prefecture, iJapan), esigabeni semiklomelo yegolide. Lalethulwe ngabaphathi bezolimo namahlathi baseFenghua, umkhiqizi — umfelandawonye wetiye iXuedoushan. Ukwahlulela kwenzeka ngomhla ka-21–22 August; kwathunyelwa amasampula angu-56 — angama-32 aseJapan, ayi-15 aseKorea, ayi-8 aseChina kanye nelilodwa laseTaiwan.
- 2017. Isimo somkhiqizo ovikelwe ngemvelaphi yezemvelo (国家生态原产地保护产品).
- Imiklomelo. Ngaphezu kwama-40 ngokomlawuli, ngaphezu kwama-50 ngokwabezindaba besifunda, kuhlanganise nendondo yegolide ephakeme yokuqala yeWorld Green Tea Congress, umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-«Zhongcha Bei» (中茶杯) kanye, ngokwabezindaba besifunda, nendondo yegolide ye-China International Tea Exhibition.
Igama: 奉化 — igama lesifunda; 曲毫 — «uboya obugobile».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ibiza itiye nge-«ikhadi lokuvakasha legolide» (金名片) laseFenghua. Uhlu lwezinkomba lufinyeza ukubukeka ngefomula ethi «色绿、香高、味醇、形美» — umbala oluhlaza, iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okuthambile, isimo esihle.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Izincazelo zikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezinoboya obuningi ezisakazwa ngokungatheliwe (无性系多毫良种) ngaphandle kwamagama. Umbiko wesifunda wango-2023 ubala eningini elilodwa lamamu angama-500 izinhlobo i-fuding dabai (福鼎大白) kanye ne-yingshuang (迎霜); uhlu oluyimpoqo alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Isicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012 sibala uhlobo othi «福鼎白毫» — enoboya obumhlophe obuningi.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Intwasahlobo kuphela. Ukuvuna kuqala ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming futhi kusukela ku-Chunfen kuya ku-Guyu.
Izinga lokuvuna: Imithombo iyahluka. Abesifundazwe babhala ngeqabunga elilodwa lamahlumela amabili (一芽二叶), umbiko wesifunda wango-2023 — ngeqabunga elilodwa lehlumela elilodwa (一芽一叶), uhlu lwezinkomba — ngeqabunga elilodwa noma amabili amahlumela.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ugu olusempumalanga yeZhejiang; indawo yesifunda, ngokwenkomba, yakhiwa imigqa yezintaba iTiantaishan (天台山) neSimingshan (四明山). Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ichaza indawo enkulu yetiye eShangtian ngefomula ethi «izingxenye eziyisithupha izintaba, ingxenye eyodwa amanzi, izingxenye ezintathu amasimu» (六山一水三分田).
Izindawo eziphambili: iShangtian (尚田) neDayan (大堰); izingadi zetiye zomlando — eduze kwentaba iXuedoushan eduze kwaseXikou.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokwewebhusayithi yesifunda, ingadi yaseAnyang eShangtian, lapho ihlangana khona imigqa iSimingshan neTiantaishan, isezingeni elimaphakathi lamamitha angu-400–600, ingadi yaseNanshan — ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-600. Idatha evamile yendawo ayikho.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon, izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi — 16.4 °C (ngokwe-athikili eyireferensi). Iwebhusayithi yesifunda ibhala ngenkungu yonyaka wonke, isimo sezulu esipholile kanye nezimvula eziningi eduze kwengadi yaseAnyang.
Umhlabathi: Ngokwe-athikili eyireferensi — isihlabathi esiphuzi kanye no-«mlotha» (香灰土), owakhiwe phezu kwe-granite kanye namatshe entaba-mlilo, pH 4.5–6.5.
Indawo kanye nomkhiqizo: Izinombolo ziyahluka. Incazelo yenkomba — amahektha ayi-1633 kanye namathani ayi-157 etiye elomile ngonyaka; i-athikili eyireferensi — ngaphezu kwama-mu ayi-13 000; abezindaba besifunda (2024) — ngaphezu kwemindeni eyinkulungwane, ama-mu ayi-16 000 kanye namathani angaphezu kweyi-150; iwebhusayithi yesifunda (2023) — ngaphezu kwama-mu ayi-22 500 kanye nenzuzo yama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-120 ngo-2022.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Abezindaba besifunda babala imisebenzi eyisishiyagalombili ethatha amahora angaphezu kwayishumi:

Ukwehliswa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng).
Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomiswa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng).
Ukugazingwa ngokubunjwa (炒干做形).
Ukuvezwa koboya (提毫, tíháo).
Ukuphola nokulinganisa umswakama (摊凉回潮).
Ukomiswa kokugcina (足火烘干).

Efemini yetiye yaseAnyang (安岩), ngokwesango lesifundazwe (2018), ukuhleleka kuyafana — ngokuphola emva kokulungiswa, ngaphandle kokulinganisa umswakama okuhlukile, — futhi izinga lokusebenzisa imishini liphezulu. Isicelo somncintiswano waseJapan wango-2012 sithi yonke inqubo ihunyushelwe emishinini futhi ukubukeka kwetiye akuzange kulimale. Abezindaba besifunda babona umehluko omkhulu ekuhlanganiseni ukusonga nokomisa kanye nokugazinga: ukusonga kudala igobe futhi kusiza ukudluliswa kwezinto emanzini. Izinga lokushisa kanye nobude besikhathi akukho emithonjeni ethembekile.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ngokwencazelo yenkomba ekulandiseni okuyireferensi:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisongwe laba igobe, liwugqinsi, liluhlaza ngokucwebezela, linoboya obubonakalayo (外形蟠曲肥壮、绿润显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lamanzi: Ihlanzekile futhi iqinile (清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味鲜醇回甘).
Umbala wamanzi: Uluhlaza futhi ucacile (汤色绿明).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Livuleka libe «izimbali», liluhlaza okotshani futhi likhanya (叶底成朵、嫩绿明亮).

Uhlu lwezinkomba lunezela ukukhanya okuphuzi kombala kanye neqabunga eliphekiwe «elimhlophe okwe-jade» elinemizwa eluhlaza okotshani (叶底现玉白色，嫩绿通脉). Umlawuli yena ubiza iqabunga elomile ngokuthi lincane futhi liqinile (细嫩挺秀), okungahambisani kahle negobe eliwugqinsi. Isicelo saseJapan sango-2012 sichaza ukunambitheka njengokugcwele, okumnandi nokupholile, iphunga — njengelisha futhi siphawula ukuthi itiye lisekela izigcwalisa eziningana.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukulandisa okuyireferensi kwencazelo yenkomba kunikeza lezi zilinganiso eziphansi:

Isibonakaliso	Inani
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini	okungenani 39 %
Ama-phenols etiye	okungenani 14 %
I-caffeine	okungenani 4 %
Ama-amino acid amahhala	okungenani 3.5 %

Kuthiwa futhi isilinganiso sama-phenols nama-amino acid sincane (酚氨比较小). Umlawuli ubhala ngokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid «kufika ku-4.2 %» (高达4.2%). Idokhumenti enezilinganiso ayikwazanga ukuvulwa, ngakho izinombolo zinikezwe ngokulandisa.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba ngetiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
3. Ukuthela kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yamanzi, bese wengeza amanzi.
5. Ukuthelwa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ngokwesango lesifundazwe, ngo-2018 i-Fenghua Quhao enhle kakhulu emakethe yaseNingbo yayibiza kufika kuma-yuan ayi-1800 nge-jin (500 g). Ngokwamazwi omphathi wenye yezingadi, acashunwe yiwebhusayithi yesifunda, ngo-2023 intengo yemakethe yayizungeza ama-yuan angu-4000 ngekhilogremu.

Ukwazi ukugwema umgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-«奉化曲毫» kanye nophawu lwenkomba; ilungelo lophawu linikezwa izivumelwano neNhlangano Yokuthuthukisa Isiko Letiye laseFenghua.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseFenghua.
- Leli tiyela lokuqoqwa okukodwa kwentwasahlobo: i-«quhao» yasehlobo noma yasekwindla iyaphikisana nencazelo.
- Iqabunga ligobile futhi linoboya obumhlophe, hhayi ukuthi liyisicaba futhi liqondile njengase-longjing.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Umdayisi emakethe yetiye yaseNingbo, ngokwesango lesifundazwe, wayethi i-quhao enhle kakhulu «ayinciphi kunalo longjing» (与龙井相媲美).
Ukusebenzisa uphawu, ngokombiko womlawuli, kwavunyelwana ngamafelandawonye acishe abe ngu-30, ngalinye linengadi engaphezu kwama-mu ayi-100.
Isimo sango-2017 semvelaphi yezemvelo itiye lasithola ngaphambi kophawu lwesitifiketi nokukhonjwa kwezolimo.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

Xi Hu Long Jing (西湖龙井): Iqabunga eliyisicaba futhi liqondile — umehluko omkhulu ngokwesimo.
Yuyao Pubu Xianming (余姚瀑布仙茗): Itiye eliluhlaza ledolobha elifanayo laseNingbo, lisuka ezintabeni zaseSimingshan.
Wanghai Cha (望海茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lesifunda saseNinghai, naso esifundeni saseNingbo.
Yangyan Gouqing (羊岩勾青): Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe laseLinhai empumalanga yeZhejiang.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Fenghua Quhao yitiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo laseFenghua elineqabunga eliwugqinsi elisongwe, uboya obumhlophe, iphunga elihlanzekile neliqinile kanye namanzi aluhlaza. Igama libuyiselwa emugqeni weSong, itiye ngokwalo lasungulwa ngo-1996, futhi ukuvikelwa lalithola ngezindlela eziningana ezahlukene. Izinhlobo kanye nezindlela eziqondile zokulungisa azikabhalwa emithonjeni evulekile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo