Wànghǎi chá · thetea.app

I-Wanhai Cha (Wànghǎi chá, 望海茶) yitiye yasentabeni eluhlaza yasesifundeni sase-Ninghai (宁海县) esifundeni sase-Ningbo, esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Igama linikezwe intaba i-Wanhaigang (望海岗) — “umqolo lapho ubuka khona ulwandle”: ngokusho kwephephandaba lesifunda, kusuka kuyo kubonakala ubuso be-Sangshan Bay. Itiye ladalwa ngo-1980, ngo-2004 langena phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Zhejiang futhi laziwa “ngokuhlaza okuthathu” (三绿): iqabunga elomile eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, umhluzi oluhlaza okumsulwa, kanye nesisekelo setiye esiluhlaza ngobumnene. Kusukela ngo-2016 igama livikelwa wuphawu lokufakazela indawo yezwe; ngokusho kwesizindalwazi sesifundazwe, izinkampani ezingu-30 zivunyelwe ukusebenzisa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izincazelo zilibeka ngqo kweliluhlaza; ukucubungula — ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukuqondisa, ukomisa — ngaphandle kwe-oxidation nokuvubela.
Isigaba: Itiye lasentabeni elinegama; amatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Zhejiang (2004); uphawu lokufakazela indawo yezwe (2016).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), isifunda sase-Ningbo (宁波, Níngbō), isifunda sase-Ninghai (宁海, Nínghǎi). Indawo yokuzalwa kwetiye yidolobhana lase-Wanhaigang emkhandlwini wase-Shenzhen (深甽镇) entshonalanga yesifunda, emngceleni nesifunda sase-Xinchang; ngokusho kwephephandaba lesifunda (2018), impahla eluhlaza ye-Wanhai Cha manje iqoqwa kuso sonke isifunda.
Indawo yophawu: Isizindalwazi sesifundazwe sophawu lwendawo sikhomba isifunda sase-Ninghai njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29.3° N no-121.4° E (isifunda).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umbhalo we-Song. I-”Jiading Chicheng zhi” (嘉定赤城志), ichaza izindela zesifunda sase-Ninghai, ithi: isigodlo sase-Baoyan (宝严院) esingamakhilomitha angu-92 enyakatho yesikhungo sesifunda ngaphambili sasibizwa “iNtaba Yetiye” (茶山) futhi sakhiwa ngeminyaka ye-Baoyuan; ngokwesiko, ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwaso umfundisi ogqoke okumhlophe watshala izihlahla zetiye entabeni, ngenxa yalokho itiye laliliningi kakhulu lapho. Ngeminyaka ye-Zhiping indela u-Zongbian (宗辩) walithatha leli tiye walisa enhloko-dolobha futhi walinika u-Cai Xiang (蔡襄); yena walibona liphakeme kunetiye lase-Rizhu (其品在日铸上) futhi wacela isigodlo ukuthi sinikezwe igama lamanje. Esigabeni semikhiqizo yendawo lowo mbhalo ufaka phakathi i-Ninghai “iNtaba Yetiye” phakathi kwezindawo zamatiye abaluleke kakhulu esifundeni.
- Ukuxhumana ne-Wanhai Cha — ngokwesifunda. Ngokusho kwephephandaba lesifunda (2018), ngo-1980 izazi zezolimo zesifunda, ukuze zivuselele “itiye leNtaba Yetiye” yomlando, zaqala ukuzama ukwenza itiye elinegama edolobhaneni lase-Wanhaigang futhi zathola amakhilogremu okuqala angu-0.9; ngokushesha itiye elinephunga le-chestnut encane labizwa “i-Wanhai Cha”. Ngo-2007 emhlanganweni e-Hangzhou isifunda saziqinisekisa umlando wetiye “weminyaka eyinkulungwane”, futhi eNtabeni Yetiye kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo letiye (茶事碑). Lokhu ukulandelana okuqinisekiswe yisifunda; i-Wanhai Cha uqobo lwayo itiye lika-1980.
- Ama-1980s. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, itiye iminyaka emithathu ilandelana lathola isiqu setiye lesifundazwe elinegama lesigaba sokuqala.
- 1999. Isifunda samukela uhlelo lophawu olulodwa: i-Wanhai Cha yaba igama elivamile letiye laso sonke isifunda, ukuphathwa kophawu kwanikezwa inhlangano yetiye yesifunda. Kusukela ekuqaleni kohlelo kusebenza izinga lendawo lase-Ningbo “望海茶” — kusukela ezithombeni kuya ekucubunguleni.
- 2002–2004. Inhlangano yafaka isicelo sophawu lokuhweba “望海茶” ngo-August 2002; ukubhaliswa — ngo-March 2004.
- 2004. Amatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Zhejiang (浙江省十大名茶).
- 2015–2016. Isicelo sophawu lokufakazela indawo yezwe — 1 June 2015, ukubhaliswa — 14 July 2016, № 17083666, isigaba 30. Umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda sase-Ninghai (宁海县茶业协会). Iphephandaba lesifunda libeka ukutholakala kophawu ku-2017; lokhu kuyaphikisana nerejista.
Iziqu: Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda (2018), kusukela ngo-1999 — imiklomelo neziqu ezingaphezu kwe-100, phakathi kwazo “i-中华文化名茶”, “i-浙江名牌产品” kanye nophawu lokuhweba oludumile lase-Zhejiang.
Igama: 望 — “ukubuka kude”, 海 — “ulwandle”. I-Wanhaigang, ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, ingenye yezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zesifunda; intaba yanikeza igama edolobhaneni, futhi idolobhana lanikeza igama etiyeni.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Idolobhana lase-Wanhaigang, ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, liyidolobhana lokugcina e-Zhejiang “lezingxenye zomsebenzi” (工分村) futhi liyidolobhana eliyisibonelo lohlelo “idolobhana elilodwa — umkhiqizo owodwa” (一村一品).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Izinhlobo ezithile azibizwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, isifunda sidlulisa izingadi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni ngembewu kuya ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe ze-clonal (无性系良种); ingxenye yazo ingaphezu kuka-60%.
Izinga lokuqoqa: Ngokusho kwezincazelo — ngokuyinhloko ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga lokuqala elivulekayo (一芽一叶初展) kanye nehlumela elilodwa neqabunga. Iphephandaba lesifunda libiza umthetho “wokungaqoqi okuthathu” (三不采): ungaqoqi iqabunga elimanzi ngenxa yemvula, iqabunga elinezilokazane kanye namahlumela ansomi.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Ngokwencazelo ka-2017 — kusukela evikini ngemva kwe-Qingming (清明) kuze kube ngu-10 May.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ngokusho kwemininingwane yereferensi, isifunda sisogwini olusempumalanga lwe-Zhejiang, phakathi kwe-Xiangshan Bay ne-Sanmen Bay, lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba i-Tiantaishan ne-Simingshan; entshonalanga sinqamula izifunda zase-Xinchang nase-Tiantai. Indawo — “izingxenye eziyisikhombisa izintaba, eyodwa amanzi, ezimbili amasimu” (七山一水二分田). Ukuphakama kwe-Wanhaigang, ngokusho kwedatha yezemephu, kungamamitha angu-931.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Izingadi zitholakala ikakhulu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-900.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokusho kwezincazelo, izingadi zimi emafwini nasenkungwini. Idatha yesimo sezulu yazo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwencazelo ka-2017 — ikakhulu inhlabathi ebomvu nenhlabathi ephuzi-ebomvu; ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-600 kutholakala inhlabathi “yomlotha” (香灰土) kanye “nesihlabathi esimnyama” (乌沙土) enokuvunda okuphezulu kwemvelo.
Ubukhulu: Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda (2018), ngo-1980 i-Wanhai Cha yayenziwa kuphela ngezingadi ezingama-200 mu zase-Wanhaigang, manje impahla eluhlaza ivela kuso sonke isifunda; esifundeni kunezingadi zetiye ezingama-55,000 mu, futhi inani lomkhiqizo likhuphuke lisuka ku-21.34 million yuan ngo-1999 laya ku-300 million ngo-2017.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izincazelo zinikeza lolu chungechunge; ukuqondisa kwengezwa yiphephandaba lesifunda (2025). Imingcele ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele, umbhalo wezinga angiwubonanga.

Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo): kunikeza ukwakheka okuqondile futhi okuncane.
Ukoma kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng).
Ukuphola kwesibili (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukomisa ngokuphelele (足烘, zúhōng).
Ukuhlunga (筛, shāi).

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ngokusho kwezincazelo zika-2015–2017; izengezo zephephandaba lesifunda ziphawuliwe.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane, eminyene, eqondile (条索细紧、挺直), eluhlaza, enoboya obubonakalayo (色泽绿翠显毫); ngokwephephandaba lesifunda — eluhlaza okwesimaragidu (翠绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo ezithile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzi: Eliphakeme futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, elinenothi ye-chestnut encane (香高持久，并有嫩栗香). Izincazelo aziwucacisi ukuthi iqabunga elomile noma umhluzi; ngokwesikimu esivamile sokuhlola iphunga lomhluzi.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, okuqabulayo (鲜醇爽口).
Umbala womhluzi: Oluhlaza ngobumnene, ohlanzekile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈明亮); ngokwephephandaba lesifunda — oluhlaza okumsulwa (清绿).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elidliwayo): Eliluhlaza ngobumnene, elikhanyayo futhi elilinganayo (嫩绿明亮匀齐).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Idatha ye-physico-chemical ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba samatiye aluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi — kuyo kubonakala amahlumela aqondile.
Inqubo:
1. Ukushisisa ingilazi.
2. Faka itiye, ulimanzie ngamanzi amancane.
3. Gcwalisa amanzi; ukumnika kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomhluzi.
5. Gcwalisa amanzi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakishweni okuvaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho intengo ye-Wanhai Cha ngokwayo emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda (2018), intengo emaphakathi yamatiye anegama lesifunda inyuke isuka ku-190 yuan ngekhilogremu ngo-1999 yaya ku-800 yuan.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lokufakazela indawo yezwe “望海茶” (№ 17083666); ngokusho kwesizindalwazi sesifundazwe, izinkampani ezingu-30 zivunyelwe.
- Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama lihlolwa esikhungweni sokupakisha senhlangano: lapho kunqunywa uhlobo futhi kuhlolwa izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo, futhi izinkampani zithola uphawu lwazo oluhambisana nolujwayelekile.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Ninghai.
- Iqabunga — elincane, eliqondile, eliluhlaza, elinoboya; umhluzi — oluhlaza ngobumnene; isisekelo setiye — esiluhlaza ngobumnene.
Isimo sophawu: Kurejista ka-2026 uphawu lubhalwe njengolubhalisiwe ngosuku lomthombo; isizindalwazi sesifundazwe sigcinwa kuze kube ngu-2019, futhi ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza noma cha, akuqinisekisiwe.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Iqoqo lokuqala lika-1980 lalinesisindo esingu-0.9 kg.
Indumiso endala kakhulu yetiye lalezi zindawo emithonjeni etholakele — ukuhlolwa kuka-Cai Xiang, owabeka itiye lase-Ninghai ngaphezu kwetiye lase-Rizhu.
Ngokwephephandaba lesifunda, i-Wanhai Cha yaba uphawu lokuqala lwetiye lase-Zhejiang olunesistimu yobunikazi obuhleliwe, eyakhiwa ngochwepheshe base-Ningbo University.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

I-Dafo Long Jing (大佛龙井): Itiye eliyisicaba lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Xinchang, emngceleni walo i-Wanhaigang elele khona; e-Wanhai Cha iqabunga aliyona isicaba, kodwa lincane futhi liqondile.
I-Tiantaishan Yunwu Cha (天台山云雾茶): Itiye lasentabeni eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Tiantai, lisuka ohlelweni olufanayo lwezintaba i-Tiantaishan.
I-Cangnan Cuilong Cha (苍南翠龙茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba leningizimu ye-Zhejiang elinezingadi eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha angu-400 — eziphansi kakhulu kunezingadi ze-Wanhai Cha.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Wanhai Cha itiye lasentabeni eliluhlaza elivela ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-900, entabeni lapho ubuka khona ulwandle: iqabunga eliqondile elincane elinoboya, inothi le-chestnut encane, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile kanye “nokuhlaza okuthathu”. Ngemuva kwayo kunombhalo we-Song nge “Ntaba Yetiye”, isifunda esikubheka njengomlando waso wangaphambili, idolobhana “lezingxenye zomsebenzi” i-Wanhaigang, uhlelo lophawu olulodwa luka-1999 kanye nophawu luka-2016. Leli itiye lingelengilazi yegilasi.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №17083666

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