Tàiqīng shuāngshàng lǜyá chá

Taiqing Shuangshang Lüya Cha (Tàiqīng shuāngshàng lǜyá chá, 太青双上绿芽茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wopangidwa kuchokera ku masamba aang’ono a kuphiri la Taiqingshan (太青山) m’boma la Lixian (澧县) m’chigawo cha Changde kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hunan. Mwachidule, amatanthauza “masamba obiriwira a Shuangshan ochokera kuphiri la Taiqing.” Chikalata choteteza chimafotokoza masamba obiriwira osalala, owongoka, owala ngati emerald okhala ndi ubweya woyera ndi fungo la chestnut, pafupifupi masamba 80,000 pa kilogalamu imodzi. Mu 2015, dzinali linalembedwa ngati chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa ndi geographic indication, ndipo mu 2025 linavomerezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi geographic indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá): malinga ndi chikalata, amakonzedwa mwa kuumitsa ndi kuyanika, popanda kutsekula masamba kapena kuwaphika pang’onopang’ono.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wam’masamba aang’ono wa ku Hunan; chinthu chokhala ndi geographic indication (2025); chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa ndi geographic indication (2015).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), mzinda wa Changde (常德, Chángdé), boma la Lixian (澧县, Lǐxiàn).
Malo otetezedwa: Maderawa asanu ndi awiri a m’boma la Lixian: Taiqing (太青乡), Yangjiafang (杨家坊乡), Huolianpo (火连坡镇), Ganshitan (甘溪滩镇), Fangshiping (方石坪镇), Matoupu (码头铺镇) ndi Dongshi (洞市乡).
Wopempha: Institute of Tea Culture “Shuangshang Lüya” ya Chengtoushan m’boma la Lixian (澧县城头山双上绿芽茶文化研究所).
Malo a geographic coordinates: 111°12′35″–111°31′34″ kum’mawa, 29°42′57″–29°57′39″ kumpoto.

2. Mbiri ndi Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Madeti oyambirira amasiyana. Kalozera wa geographic indications, potengera wolemba mbiri wa ku Yuan Ma Duanlin (马端临) ndi buku la “Zhongguo cha jing” (中国茶经), amalemba kuti “双上绿芽” wochokera ku Lizhou (澧州, lero Lixian) anasankhidwa kukhala msonkho kwa mfumu chaka cha 1008 chisanafike, chaka choyamba cha nthawi ya Dazhong Xiangfu ya mzera wa Song. Dongosolo la chitukuko cha zokopa alendo la boma (2019), potengera buku la “Hunan mingcha” (湖南名茶), limalemba mosiyana: tiyi adalimidwa kale pa nthawi ya Tang, ndipo pa nthawi ya Yuan “双上绿芽” adadziwika m’dziko lonse ndipo adatumizidwa ngati msonkho pachaka. Zolemba zoyambirira sizinafufuzidwe; palibe deti lomwe liri lotsimikizika.
- 2014. Malinga ndi buku lowunikira, malo olimapo m’madera asanu ndi awiri anali mahekitala 3333.33, ndipo zokolola zinali matani 5000 a tiyi wouma pachaka.
- 2015. Pa 5 Novembala, Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China unalemba dzinali ngati chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa ndi geographic indication.
- Cholowa. Malinga ndi buku lowunikira, luso lopanga pamanja lili m’ndandanda wa cholowa chosamveka cha Changde; malinga ndi lipoti la boma la Novembala 2024, linalowetsedwanso m’ndandanda wachisanu ndi chimodzi wachigawo wa cholowa chosamveka cha Hunan.
- 2025. State Intellectual Property Office ya China (CNIPA) mwa chilengezo № 640, chosainidwa pa 16 Julayi ndi kufalitsidwa pa 13 Ogasiti, inavomereza dzinali ngati chinthu chokhala ndi geographic indication.
Dzina: Taiqing (太青) ndi phiri la Taiqingshan, lomwenso limatchedwa 太清山. “Shuangshang” (双上) amatanthauza “kukwera kawiri.” Nthano imati “mfumu ya mankhwala” Sun Simiao (孙思邈) anabwera kuno kawiri: ulendo woyamba anangoponya mbewu ya tiyi pansi, ulendo wachiwiri anaphunzitsa anthu amene ankasamalira chitsamba chija za ntchito yake yamankhwala ndi njira yopangira tiyi. M’chikumbumtima chake, tiyi adatchedwa “双上绿芽.” Iyi ndi nthano, osati mbiri yotsimikizika. “Lüya” (绿芽) amatanthauza “masamba obiriwira aang’ono.”
Chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi mabuku owunikira, tiyi adalandira maudindo a “tiyi wotchuka wa Hunan” ndi “tiyi wotchuka wa China,” ndipo mtundu wa “双上绿芽” udali ndi udindo wa chizindikiro chodziwika cha malonda ku China. Mu dongosolo la chitukuko cha zokopa alendo la boma la 2019–2030, polojekiti ya “Tiyi ya Taiqing” ili m’ndandanda wa mapolojekiti khumi a kutsitsimutsa midzi; lingaliro lake ndi “Njira ya Msonkho” (贡茶之道).

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Chikalata choteteza chimatchula mtundu ndi dzina lomwelo monga chinthucho, “太青双上绿芽茶,” popanda kufotokoza zomwe zili pambuyo pake; mtundu wosankhidwa sunapezeke m’mabuku omwe adapezeka.
Zopangira: Masamba aang’ono. Malinga ndi buku lowunikira, ndi mphukira umodzi (独芽) wautali pafupifupi 20 mm, wotengedwa kumapiri chaka cha Guyu (谷雨) chisanafike. Chikalata chimalankhula za masamba aang’ono (芽头) ndipo chimapereka chitsanzo cha pafupifupi masamba 80,000 pa kilogalamu ya tiyi wouma.
Nthawi yotenga: Masika; chikalata chimaperekanso ndondomeko ya masamba a m’dzinja.
Zofunika pakutenga: Masamba amatengedwa mwachangu m’mabasiketi aukonde oyera kupita kumalo olandirira, ndipo pambuyo poyesa amawalidwa pama mateti a nsungwi.

4. Malo ndi Njira Zolima

Dera: Phiri la Taiqingshan: nsonga zambiri ndi zazitali kuposa mita 800; nsonga yapamwamba kwambiri, Yamujian (鸭母尖), ndi mita 1019.5, amenenso ndiye nsonga yapamwamba kwambiri ya boma la Lixian, “denga la Lixian.” Malinga ndi lipoti la boma (2024), phirili lili m’mitambo ndi chifunga chaka chonse.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Malinga ndi chikalata choteteza, ndi 500–1200 m. Kufotokoza mwachidule kwa zolemba za 2015, zomwe sizinathe kuwerengedwa, kumatchula kutalika kwa 150–550 m ngati kofala ku malo olimapo; kusiyana sikunathe kumasulidwa.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi chikalata, ndi nthaka yamchenga, nthaka yosalala, ndi dothi losalala, pH 5.0–6.0, calcium yosapitirira 0.2 %, makulidwe a dothi loposa mita 1.
Nyengo: Palibe zambiri zovomerezeka za nyengo zomwe zidapezeka m’mabuku.
Ulimi malinga ndi chikalata: Kubzala kumayambira kumapeto kwa Okutobala mpaka koyambirira kwa Marichi, zitsamba ziwiri pa dzenje, zitsamba 4444 pa mu pakubzala mizere iwiri ndi 2222 pakubzala mzere umodzi. Manyowa ndi zotsalira za mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zitaphera tizilombo.

5. Njira Yopangira

Chikalata choteteza chimalongosola magawo asanu ndi atatu ndi ndondomeko zake.

Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng): Masika maola 6–8, m’dzinja maola 2–3; osapitirira 3 cm makulidwe pa mateti a nsungwi kapena 5 cm m’njira, ndi kutembenuza kamodzi kapena kawiri, mpaka chinyezi 70–72 %, popanda kuwonongeka kapena kufiira.
Kutseka (杀青, shāqīng): Khoma la ng’oma pa malo olowetsa pafupifupi 230 °C, mpweya pa malo otulukira pamwamba pa 90 °C; kudutsa pafupifupi masekondi 90, 45–50 zolowetsa pamphindi. Chinyezi pambuyo pake pafupifupi 62 %, masamba obiriwira kwambiri, ndi fungo loyera.
Kuwombera ndi kuziziritsa (清风、摊凉): Makulidwe osapitirira 1 cm, pafupifupi mphindi 15; amachotsa masamba, mapesi, ndi zinyalala.
Kuumitsa koyamba (初干, chūgān): 110–130 °C, mphindi 5–8; masamba samamatira m’manja ndipo amathanso kusweka pang’ono, chinyezi 45–50 %.
Kutulutsa ubweya (提毫, tíháo): 60–80 °C, mphindi 10–15: masamba amawongoleredwa ndi kuumbidwa, ndipo akawuma 70–80 %, amawasugudana kuti ubweya woyera uwonekere.
Kuwongolera pamanja ndi kutulutsa ubweya kachiwiri: Mwa manja, masamba amawongoleredwa kukhala olimba, owongoka, obiriwira ngati emerald, ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino.
Kuziziritsa (摊凉, tānliáng): Mphindi 30–40, makulidwe osapitirira 2 cm.
Kuumitsa komaliza ndi kutenthetsa fungo (足干提香, zúgān tíxiāng): Mosanjikiza mu chipangizo chotenthetsera fungo mpaka chinyezi chosapitirira 5 %; tiyi wozizira amalongedza ndi kusindikizidwa kuti asungidwe.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Kufotokoza ndi kochokera mu chikalata choteteza.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Osalala, owongoka, okongola; obiriwira ngati emerald ndi chinyezimira, ubweya woyera wowoneka bwino (扁直秀丽，色泽翠绿光润、白毫显露). Malinga ndi chikalata, chinyezi chiri pansi pa 5 %: m’manja tiyi amasweka pang’ono ndikamupanikizako.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera komwe kudapezeka m’mabuku.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Lalitali, latsopano, lokhalitsa, ndi fungo lapadera la chestnut (栗香) ndi kukoma kokhalitsa.
Kukoma: Kolimba, kofewa, kokoma komanso kotsitsimula (醇厚甘爽).
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Owoneka bwino, owala (清澈明亮).
Masamba pambuyo pothira madzi: Obiriwira pang’ono, atsopano, owala; mphukira zodzaza, zathunthu, zofanana, zotanuka. M’kapu, mphukira zimayima zoimilira (茶芽直竖).

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi

Chikalata choteteza chimapereka magawo awa:

Chizindikiro	Mtheradi
Ma polyphenols a tiyi	18.7–28.7 g/100 g
Zosungunuka m’madzi	38.2–51.2 g/100 g
Caffeine	1.5–4.2 g/100 g
Saponins (onse)	0.3–1.2 %
Zinc	3.5–5.5 mg/100 g
Selenium	7.5–12.0 µg/100 g

Izi ndi kufotokoza kwachinthu, osati kusanthula kwa gulu linalake.

8. Kukonza

Njira yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira wam’masamba aang’ono osalimba.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chidebe: Kapu yayitali yagalasi, momwe mungawonere mphukira zikuyima zoimilira.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani kapu.
2. Thirani madzi, kenako onjezerani tiyi.
3. Kudya koyamba pambuyo pa mphindi 1–2, pamene mphukira zamira.
4. Mumwe, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kubwereza kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yodziwika bwino. M’chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe zambiri za mitengo zomwe zidapezeka m’mabuku.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha chinthu chokhala ndi geographic indication: chimaperekedwa pambuyo popempha kupyolera mu ofesi ya intellectual property ya boma, pambuyo pafufuzidwe ndi chigawo ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi CNIPA.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa m’madera asanu ndi awiri a malo otetezedwa.
- Yang’anani maonekedwe: mphukira imodzi yokha, yosalala ndi yowongoka, ndi ubweya woyera; fungo la chestnut; mphukira zimayima m’kapu.
- Kumbukirani kuti “双上绿芽” ndinso chizindikiro cha malonda, ndipo chizindikiro cha malonda ndi chizindikiro cha geographic indication ndi zikalata zosiyana.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Malire apamwamba a kutalika mu chikalata choteteza, 1200 m, ndiapamwamba kuposa nsonga yapamwamba kwambiri ya boma lenileni.
Mu kilogalamu ya tiyi wouma, malinga ndi chikalata, pali pafupifupi mphukira 80,000.
Otenga masamba, malinga ndi buku lowunikira, saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola ndi zonunkhiritsa.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi wina wa ku Hunan ndi tiyi wam’masamba aang’ono

Shimen Yinfeng (石门银峰): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma loyandikana la Shimen, nayenso ndi ubweya wochuluka, koma ndi singano zowonda, zowongoka, osati zosalala.
Changde Hongcha (常德红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa m’chigawochi, amene malo ake akuphatikizapo gawo lina la boma la Lixian.
Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针): Tiyi wam’masamba aang’ono wa ku Hunan, amenenso amayima m’kapu, koma ndi wachikasu, wopangidwa ndi kuwaphika pang’onopang’ono.
Zhuyeqing (竹叶青): Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa phiri la Emei ku Sichuan, wofanana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe a masamba.

Pomaliza:

Taiqing Shuangshang Lüya Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wam’masamba aang’ono wa phiri la Taiqing, amene chikalata choteteza chimalongosola njira yopangira mpaka pa digiri ndi sekondi. Mphukira zosalala, zobiriwira ngati emerald, zokhala ndi ubweya woyera, fungo la chestnut, ndi mphukira zoyima m’kapu ndizo zizindikiro zake; msonkho wakale ndi nthano ya Sun Simiao ndi zongopeka za mabuku okha.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero