Tàiqīng shuāngshàng lǜyá chá

I-Taiqing Shuangshang Lüya Cha (Tàiqīng shuāngshàng lǜyá chá, 太青双上绿芽茶) — itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngamahlumela aseNtabeni i-Taiqingshan (太青山) esifundeni sase-Lixian (澧县) ngaphansi kwesifunda sase-Changde enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hunan. Ngokuchazayo — «amahlumela aluhlaza ase-Shuangshang avela eNtabeni i-Taiqing». Umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza amahlumela ayisicaba, aqondile, anombala ohlaza okwesimaragidu, anoboya obumhlophe kanye nephunga le-chestnut — cishe amahlumela angama-80 000 ngekhilogremu. Ngo-2015 igama labhaliswa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, ngo-2025 lakhonjwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá): ohlelweni lombhalo — ukulungiswa nokomiswa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation nokuvuthwa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lamahlumela lase-Hunan; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025); uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (2015).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sase-Changde (常德, Chángdé), isifunda sase-Lixian (澧县, Lǐxiàn).
Indawo evikelwe: Izindawo eziyisikhombisa zesifunda: i-Taiqing (太青乡), i-Yangjiafang (杨家坊乡), i-Huolianpo (火连坡镇), i-Ganxitan (甘溪滩镇), i-Fangshiping (方石坪镇), i-Matoupu (码头铺镇) kanye ne-Dongshi (洞市乡).
Umfakisicelo: Isikhungo samasiko etiye i-«Shuangshang Lüya» sase-Chengtoushan esifundeni sase-Lixian (澧县城头山双上绿芽茶文化研究所).
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 111°12′35″–111°31′34″ D, 29°42′57″–29°57′39″ Ny.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Izinsuku zokuqala ziyahlukana. Ikhathalogu yezimpawu zendawo icaphuna isazi-mlando sangase-Yuan u-Ma Duanlin (马端临) kanye nencwadi yokubhekisela i-«Zhongguo cha jing» (中国茶经) ithi i-«双上绿芽» yase-Lizhou (澧州, manje i-Lixian) yakhethwa njengentela yasebukhosini ngaphambi kuka-1008, unyaka wokuqala wenkathi ye-Dazhongxiangfu yobukhosi bakwa-Song. Uhlelo lokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha lwesifunda (2019) lucaphuna incwadi yokubhekisela i-«Hunan mingcha» luthi ngendlela ehlukile: itiye lalitshalwa lapha kakade ngesikhathi se-Tang, kanti ngesikhathi se-Yuan i-«双上绿芽» yayaziwa ezweni lonke futhi yayiyintela yonyaka. Imithombo yokuqala ayikaqinisekiswa; alukho usuku lokugcina.
- 2014. Ngokwencwadi yokubhekisela, indawo yokukhiqiza ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa yayingamahektha angama-3333.33, umkhiqizo wawungamathani angama-5000 etiye elomile ngonyaka.
- 2015. Ngomhla ka-5 Novemba uMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC wafaka igama ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo.
- Amagugu. Ngokwencwadi yokubhekisela, ubuchwepheshe bezandla bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki ase-Changde; ngokombiko wesifunda kaNovemba 2024, bufakwe nohlu lwesithupha lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki ase-Hunan.
- 2025. Ihhovisi likazwelonke lobunikazi bengqondo lase-China (CNIPA) ngesimemezelo № 640 — esisayinwe ngomhla ka-16 Julayi, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-13 Agasti — laqaphela igama njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
Igama: I-Taiqing (太青) — intaba i-Taiqingshan, ebizwa nangokuthi i-太清山. I-«Shuangshang» (双上) — «wenyuka kabili». Inganekwane ithi «inkosi yemithi» u-Sun Simiao (孙思邈) wayeza lapha kabili: okokuqala edlula waphonsa imbewu yetiye emhlabathini, okwesibili wafundisa abahlali ababegcina isihlahla ukusebenzisa itiye kwezokwelapha kanye nendlela yokulenza. Emkumbulweni wakhe itiye laqanjwa ngokuthi i-«双上绿芽». Lena yinganekwane, hhayi iqiniso elibhaliwe. I-«Lüya» (绿芽) — «amahlumela aluhlaza».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwezincwadi zokubhekisela, itiye laliphethe iziqu ezithi «itiye elidumile lase-Hunan» kanye nelithi «itiye elidumile lase-China», futhi uphawu lwentengiso lwe-«双上绿芽» — isimo sophawu lwentengiso olwaziwayo lwase-China. Ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha lwesifunda sango-2019–2030, iphrojekthi ye-«Taiqing tea» isohlwini lwamaphrojekthi ayishumi okuvuselela izindawo zasemakhaya; umqondo wayo — «Indlela yentela» (贡茶之道).

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Umbhalo wokuvikela ubiza uhlobo ngegama elifanayo nelomkhiqizo, — «太青双上绿芽茶», ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi yini ngemuva kwalo; uhlobo lokukhetha alutholakali emithonjeni etholiwe.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela. Ngokwencwadi yokubhekisela — ihlumela elilodwa (独芽) elinobude obungaba ngu-20 mm, eliqoqwe ezintabeni ngaphambi kwesizini ye-Guyu (谷雨). Umbhalo ukhuluma ngamahlumela (芽头) futhi ubeka inkomba yamahlumela angaba ngu-80 000 ngekhilogremu yetiye elomile.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Intwasahlobo; umbhalo unikeza futhi uhlelo lweqabunga lasekwindla.
Izidingo zokuqoqa: Iqabunga lilethwa ngokushesha kubhasikidi abahlanzekile abalukiwe endaweni yokwamukela, ngemva kokuhlolwa liyandywa kumata e-bamboo.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Intaba i-Taiqingshan: iningi leziqongo lingaphezu kwama-800 m; iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu, i-Yamujian (鸭母尖), yi-1019.5 m — leli futhi iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lesifunda, «uphahla lwase-Lixian». Ngokombiko wesifunda (2024), intaba ihlala emafwini nasenkungwini unyaka wonke.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngokombhalo wokuvikela — 500–1200 m. Ukufingqwa kwencwadi yokubhekisela kwencazelo ka-2015, okungakwazanga ukuqinisekiswa, kubiza izindawo ezijwayelekile zetiyela ngobude obungu-150–550 m; umehluko awukaxazululwa.
Inhlabathi: Ngokombhalo — inhlabathi eyisihlabathi, inhlabathi ewubumba kanye newubumba oluwubumba, i-pH 5.0–6.0, i-calcium ingekho ngaphezu kuka-0.2 %, ukujula kongqimba kungaphezu kwe-1 m.
Isimo sezulu: Akukho mininingwane yesimo sezulu eqinisekisiwe emithonjeni etholiwe.
Ezolimo ngokombhalo: Ukutshala kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-March, izihlahla ezimbili emgodini ngamunye, izihlahla ezingama-4444 nge-mu ekutshaleni ngemigqa emibili kanye nezingu-2222 ngomugqa owodwa. Umquba kanye namakhekhe — kuphela ngemva kokubulala amagciwane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili ngezindlela zokusebenza.

Ukunaba (摊放, tānfàng): Entwasahlobo amahora angu-6–8, ekwindla angu-2–3; ungqimba olungadluli u-3 cm emata e-bamboo noma u-5 cm emseleni, ngokuphenduka kanye noma kabili, kuze kube ngumswakama ongu-70–72 %, ngaphandle kokulimala nokubabomvu.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Udonga lwesigubhu lapho kulayishwa khona — cishe 230 °C, umoya lapho kuphuma khona — ngaphezu kuka-90 °C; ukudlula cishe imizuzwana engu-90, ukufakwa okungu-45–50 ngomzuzu. Umswakama ngemva kwalokho — cishe 62 %, iqabunga liluhlaza okumnyama, linephunga elimsulwa.
Ukuphulula umoya nokupholisa (清风、摊凉): Ngongqimba olufinyelela ku-1 cm, cishe imizuzu engu-15; amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nokungcola kuyasuswa.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初干, chūgān): 110–130 °C, imizuzu engu-5–8; iqabunga alinamatheli esandleni futhi lihlaba kancane, umswakama ongu-45–50 %.
Ukuveza uboya (提毫, tíháo): 60–80 °C, imizuzu engu-10–15: iqabunga liyalinganiswa futhi lilolongwe, kanti uma selomile ngo-70–80 %, amaqabunga etiye ahlanganiswa ukuze kubonakale uboya obumhlophe.
Ukulolonga ngesandla nokuphinda ukuveza uboya: Ngezandla iqabunga lilolongwa libe yisimo esiminyene esiqondile, umbala ohlaza okwesimaragidu kanye noboya obubonakalayo.
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Imizuzu engu-30–40, ngongqimba olufinyelela ku-2 cm.
Ukomisa kokugcina ngokufudumeza (足干提香, zúgān tíxiāng): Ngongqimba ngongqimba emshinini wokufudumeza iphunga kuze kube umswakama ongadluli u-5 %; itiye elipholile liyapakishwa futhi livalwe ukuze ligcinwe.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo — evela embhalweni wokuvikela.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isicaba, siqondile, sihle; siluhlaza okwesimaragidu ngokucwebezela, uboya obumhlophe bubonakala (扁直秀丽，色泽翠绿光润、白毫显露). Ngokombhalo, umswakama ungaphansi kuka-5 %: esandleni itiye lihlaba kancane futhi liyaphuka lapho licindezelwa kancane.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholiwe.
Iphunga lotshala: Liphezulu, lisha, lihlala isikhathi eside, linophawu lwe-chestnut (栗香) kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukunambitheka: Kujulile, kuthambile, kumnandi nokuqabulayo (醇厚甘爽).
Umbala wotshala: Ocacile, okhanyayo (清澈明亮).
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elidliwayo): Luhlaza okotshani obuthambile, lisha futhi likhanyayo; amahlumela agcwele, aphelele, alinganayo, anwebekayo. Engilazini amahlumela ami aqondile (茶芽直竖).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Umbhalo wokuvikela unikeza izilinganiso:

Inkomba	Okuqukethwe
Ama-polyphenols etiye	18.7–28.7 g/100 g
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini	38.2–51.2 g/100 g
I-caffeine	1.5–4.2 g/100 g
Ama-saponins (isamba)	0.3–1.2 %
I-Zinc	3.5–5.5 mg/100 g
I-Selenium	7.5–12.0 µg/100 g

Lena incazelo yomkhiqizo, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza elithambile lamahlumela.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–80 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ende ekhanyayo — kuyo kuyabonakala ukuthi amahlumela ami aqondile.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza ingilazi.
2. Thela amanzi, bese uthela itiye.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzu engu-1–2, lapho amahlumela esehlele phansi.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yotshala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketini avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholiwe.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo: lunikezwa ngesicelo ngehhovisi lobunikazi bengqondo lesifunda, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesifundazwe nokugunyazwa yi-CNIPA.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa zendawo.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka: amahlumela awodwa, ayisicaba futhi aqondile, anoboya obumhlophe; iphunga le-chestnut; amahlumela engilazini ayami.
- Khumbula ukuthi i-«双上绿芽» futhi iwuphawu lwentengiso, kanti uphawu lwentengiso kanye nophawu lokukhomba — yimibhalo ehlukile.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokuphakama embhalweni wokuvikela — 1200 m — ungaphezu kwephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lesifunda uqobo.
Ekhilogremu yetiye elomile, ngokombhalo, kukhona cishe amahlumela angama-80 000.
Abaqoqi, ngokwencwadi yokubhekisela, abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa izimonyo namakha.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Hunan namatiye amahlumela

I-Shimen Yinfeng (石门银峰): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Shimen, nalo linoboya obuningi, kodwa linezinaliti ezicijile eziqondile, hhayi isicaba.
I-Changde Hongcha (常德红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda, elinendawo ehlanganisa nengxenye yesifunda sase-Lixian.
I-Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针): Itiye lamahlumela lase-Hunan, nalo limi engilazini, kodwa liphuzi, nokuvuthwa.
I-Zhuyeqing (竹叶青): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba leNtaba i-Emei eSichuan — elisondele kakhulu ngesimo seqabunga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Taiqing Shuangshang Lüya Cha — itiye eliluhlaza lamahlumela leNtaba i-Taiqing, lapho umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza ubuchwepheshe kuze kufike ezingeni nasekundizeni. Amahlumela ayisicaba anombala ohlaza okwesimaragidu anoboya obumhlophe, iphunga le-chestnut kanye namahlumela ami engilazini — yizimpawu zawo; intela yasendulo kanye nenganekwane ngo-Sun Simiao — okwamanje izinhlobo zezincwadi zokubhekisela.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo